• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

The wasabi was planted in glasshouse to investigate the effect shade level (0, 10, 30, 70%) on growth and photosynthetic response. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were the highest under 10% shading rate in greenhouse. The lowest transpiration rate was in the non-shading treatment. 70% shading rate significantly reduced in photosynthetic characteristics. The number of leaf was decreased with increasing of shading rate. Leaf and petiole weight was the highest 10% shading and then followed by the non-shading treatment. Number of leaves, leaf, petiole and total weight were severely declined in 70% shading treatment. Shading rate (0%, 10%, and 30%) did not significantly influenced on the leaf length, leaf width and root growth. 10% shading level was the most effective for wasabi leaf production in hydroponics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 1978

To study on the changes in saponins from callus mass by tissue culture, the callus was derived from the petiole of Korean Ginseng (Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) and cultivated on Murashige and Skoog's agar medium supplemented with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin for 8 months. Then, well-grown callus was analyzed for its components estimation. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When saponins isolated from callus mass were chromatographed on a silca gel plate, and determined by the thinchrograph TFG-10, the ratio of Rb, c to Rg(f) in saponins was 2.16 to 1 and Rb, c, d to Re, g (f) was 1 to 1.63, while in the case of saponins from the root of Panax Ginseng grown by soil culture, the ratio of Rb, c to Rg(f) was 1.03 to 1 and the ratio of Rb, c,d to Re, g(f) was 1 to 1.17. (2) Sapogenins were obtained from the hydrolysates of saponins, and determined by thinchrograph TFG-10. The ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol in sapogenins from callus saponins was 2.66 to 1, while the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol in sapogenins from ginseng root saponins was 1.86 to 1. From the results above mentioned, we concluded that the relative contents of sapogenins in saponins from callus mass by tissue culture were different from those in saponins from ginseng root by soil culture.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2018

Hosta is a genus of the family Asparagaceae and distributed in East Asia. There are six Hosta species (Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai, H. clausa Nakai, H. jonesii M.G.Chung, H. minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F.Maek., and H. yingeri S.B.Jones) native to Korea and among them, four species (H. minor, H. jonesii, H. venusta and H. yingeri) are endemic to the Korea peninsula. Hosta is generally propagated by seed, crown division or tissue culture. However, tissue culture is a more efficient method to mass proliferation, a new cultivar development and disease-free plantlet production in a limit time. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the influence of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) treatments on the induction of callus and somatic embryo of the six Hosta species. Leaf, petiole and root were used to select optimum tissue culture explants. Petiole explants thus only were used for callus induction and somatic embryogenesis with TDZ (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0mg/L) and NAA (0.1 or 0.5 mg/L) combinations. After 12 weeks of culture, the highest rate of somatic embryogenesis was achieved on modificated MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA in H. capitata and H. minor (15.5%, respectively), 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA in H. jonesii (22.2%), 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L NAA in H. yingeri (26.7%), and 0.1 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L NAA in H. venusta (53.3%). H. clausa showed very low effect on somatic embryogenesis by PGRs; 2.2%. There was interspecies difference to PGRs respond for callus and somatic embryo induction. Regenerated multiple shoots and plantlet of H. minor, H. jonesii, H. venusta and H. yingeri were obtained via somatic embryogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2018

Watermelons, Citrullus species(Cucurbitaceae), are native to Africa and have been cultivated since ancient times. T he fruit flesh of wild watermelon is watery, but typically hard-textured, pale-colored and bland or bitter. The familiar sweet dessert watermelons, C. lanatus, featuring non-bitter, tender, well colored flesh, have a narrow genetic base, suggesting that they are originated from a series of selection events in a single ancestral population. In this study, considered as sweet dissert watermelon, genetic resources, C. lanatus, comprising of traditional cultivars and local accessions were collected from 18 different countries in four continents. A total of 60 accessions were characterized morphologically according to RDA genebank descriptors combined with Japan and China, list for 11 qualitative characteristics, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole diameter-source, stalk end length, stalk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, rind thickness, flesh sugar content($^{\circ}brix$), fruit weight-sink, and 6 sink related characters, leaf margin incision-source, fruit shape, fruit skin ground color, fruit skin stain color, fruit skin stain pattern and flesh color-sink, were also investigated. Even though the relatedness between some morphological traits and fruit weight or fruit sweetness showed no significance, the accessions investigated have a great deal of variation for most of the morphological traits. Additionally, the accessions which showed good performance in flesh color and fruit shape (IT271048) and high sugar content of flesh (IT274119, IT290118) above 14brix, were investigated in this experiment. The accessions, which have the information on specific traits including the selected accessions could be introduced, distributed and investigated for further use.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2007

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of nitrogen concentrations in the fertilizer solution on growth and development of nutrient deficiency in leaf perilla (Perilla frutesens). The nutrient concentrations in above-ground plant tissue, petiole sap and soil solution of root media were also determined. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in dwarfed growth, small leaves, and bright yellow color of older leaves. The leaves of deficient plants became uniform yellowing in color and finally necrosis occurred on the deficient leaves. Elevation of N concentrations in the fertigation solution from 0 to 20 mM increased the crop growth in leaf length and width as well as fresh and dry weights of above ground plant tissue. That also resulted in the increase of chlorophyll contents. However, light toxicity symptoms such as abnormal leaf surface appeared on crops grown in 20 mM N fertilization. The plant growth was commercially acceptable in the treatments of 10 and 15 mM N. The plants with acceptable growth had 0.9 to 1.25% in N contents of above-ground plant tissue, 800 to $3,300mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in the $NO_3-N$ concentrations of petiole sap, and 28.7 to $47.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in the $NO_3-N$ concentrations of soil solution (1:2 extract) at 75 days after transplanting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2013

Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), we examined the trichomes on leaf and petiole and the epicuticular waxes on leaf surfaces for a total of 27 taxa representing two subtribes, Fragariinae and Potentillinae, of tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) in Korea. Four types of trichomes on adaxial and abaxial surface of leaves and petioles were identified. Type I (conical hirtellous) is the most common trichome type found in the majority of taxa in Fragariinae and Potentillinae. Type II (verruculose conical hirtellous) can be found only in Potentilla cryptotaeniae of sect. Conostylae of Potentillinae. Potentilla chinensis complex (sect. Conostylae) and P. egedii (sect. Letostylae) have type III trichome (crispate villous), while type IV (floccose villous) can be found in two species in sect. Conostylae, P. nivea and P. discolor. Both woolly hairs and conical hirtellous exist together in types III and IV. The same type of trichomes in leaves and petioles can be found across different subtribes and sections. In addition, different types of trichomes can be found even in a single species. Among the taxa which have type I trichome, the majority of subtribe Fragariinae and P. centrigrana and P. dickinsii complex have well developed epicuticular waxes on the surface of leaves. Sharing epicuticular waxes among the taxa across different subtribes appears to be correlated with their similar geographical distribution and ecological conditions. However, molecular phylogenetic study implies that the existence of epicuticular waxes could be also due to phylogenetic signal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 1986

In order to find out the best media, explants and environmental conditions for induction of calluses and organogeneses of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit in vitro, various parts of adult have been cultured on Murashige & Skoog's medium containing various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and kinetin. The results obtained were as follows: Calluses were induced from the surface of apical meristem and leaf tissue. Formation and growth of calluses in petiole ex plants were best on the MS medium complemented with 2,4-D 2.0 mg/l and kinetin 0.2mg/l. But callus formation in stem ex plants of the nearest tuber was not induced at all kinds of media. Plantlets occured at all treatment except absence of growth regulator. Their numbers, size, leaf and fresh weight were promoted by 2,4-D 2.0mg/l and kinetin 0.2mg/l. Root growth was increased on the medium containing higher 2,4-D concentrations. Size and fresh weight of callus were increased at 25$^{\circ}C$ compared with 10, 20 and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Optimal pH value was at 6.0 for growth of callus. Morphological aberrations were observed in plantlets, especially in regenerated leaves. The separation of the broad leaved plantlets and albino were observed in some cultures. Growth of plantlets after transplantation was best in pots with the sterilized vermiculte. But abnormal variants withered up.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2005

This study was done to obtain their morphological traits to analyse genetic diversity and intraspecific relationship of 47 Polygonatum species collected from Gyeongnam province. Plant height was the highest in P. thunbergii but the shortest in P. involucratum. Growth habit and its colors were classified to 3 groups, respectively. Leaf shapes were sorted to 5 groups including lanceolate with petiole or none, petiole colors were done to 3 groups including a species having dark green leaves of purple colored margin. Flower shapes were divided as 3 groups of urceolate, tubular and gourd shapes, and its colors were white, greenish white and light green, especially light green in a species with gourd shape. Filament shapes were two types of flatness and cylinder. Peduncle color and bract attached below it showed 4 types, respectively. Fruit shapes were sorted to 3 groups. In 100-fruit weights P. ordoratum var. pluriflorum showed the greatest but P. involucratum did the least. Two species were completely resistant to leaf brightness although 7 species showed less than 7 % infection rates. Rhizome yields ranged from 4.4 g to 94.8 g per plant, showing their significant variation. In correlation analysis between 9 major characters, rhizome yield per plant was positively correlated with plant height, stalk diameter, leaf number, leaf length and width, and rhizome diameter but leaf brightness was negatively done with plant height, stalk diameter, leaf number and length, 100-seed weight, rhizome yield per plan and rhizome diameter.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2005

To develop a high efficiency plant regeneration system from in vitro cultures of strawberry, cv. Yeobong, petiole and leaf explants were cultured on MS basal medium containing a combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L kinetin or zeatin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) for 6 weeks, and leaf explants with dark pretreatment for a week ($T_1$), 2 weeks ($T_2$), and 4 weeks ($T_3$) were cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L zeatin under 16 hr photoperiod for 6 weeks. Shoot organogenesis was observed from the greenish calli containing minimal anthocyanin formed at proximal cutting edges of the leaf explant (57%) when cultured adaxial side on the medium, whereas was directly formed from a cutting edges of petiole explant (6.3%). Frequency of callus formation and shoot organogenesis at large size of leaf explant ($1.0{\sim}1.5\;cm^2$) was higher than small size ($0.5{\sim}1.0\;cm^2$), and dark pretreatment significantly improved the frequency of leaf explants that produced calli and shoots. The maximum frequency (87%) for shoot organogenesis was obtained from the leaf explants that transferred to a 16 hr photoperiod condition after the initial 4 weeks dark period. The improved frequency (87%) in comparision with control without dark pretreatment (27%). When the shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium, formed roots with 20 d of culture. The rooted plants were subsequently transferred to the pots and to the field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2007

This study describes conditions for the mass production of activation-tagged mutant hairy root lines of ginseng by cocultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Because it is not currently possible to produce progeny from transgenic ginseng, a loss-of-function approach for functional genomics cannot be appliable to this species. A gain-of-function approach is alternatively the choice and hairy root production by cocultivation of A. rhizogenes would be most practical to obtain a large number of mutants. Various sources of explants were subjected to genetic transformation with various strains of A. rhizogenes harboring the activation-tagging vector pKH01 to determine optimum conditions for the highest frequency of hairy root formation on explants. Petiole explants cocultivated with A. rhizogenes R1000 produced hairy roots at a frequency of 85.9% after 4 weeks of culture. Conditions for maximum growth or branching rate of hairy roots were also investigated by using various culture media. Petiole explants cultured on half strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium produced vigorously growing branched roots at a rate of 2.6 after 4 weeks of culture. A total of 1,989 lines of hairy root mutants were established in this study. These hairy root lines will be useful to determine functions of genes for biosynthesis of ginsenosides.