• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

The effects of water and pesticide management practices on ponded water pesticide concentrations in a paddy plot were analysed using the RICEWQ model. The molinate which is a herbicide widely used in rice culture, and frequently detected in paddy environment was selected. In a previous study, the RICEWQ model was successfully calibrated with field data obtained from a paddy plot in Daegu. The calibrated model was run using water and pesticide management scenarios with a set of measured meteorological data for 1997-2006 in Daegu. For all three ponded water depths with the label rate application, the amount of molinate dissipated in ponded water and volatilized accounted for more than 70%, and the runoff losses were less than 9%. The molinate losses through drainage in the very shallow ponded depth showed 40% less than that in deep ponded depth. Comparing with the deep and shallow ponded depth, the very shallow depth was the best with regards to the reduction of molinate runoff losses. Simulations with different pesticide application rates, label rate and double label rate, showed molinate concentrations in the ponded water increased linearly with the application rate increase.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2014

According to a survey conducted recently, consumers are feeling the anxiety to food, it can be seen that the extent to which feels uneasy about pesticide residues among them in particular is high. Foods that are commercially available, is set (pesticide residue standards, acceptable daily intake daily (ADI), non-toxic amount) residual acceptable standards of pesticides so as not to give the damage to human health. However, in the case of consumers of general knowledge on Standards for pesticide residues is not sufficient, anxiety over food safety still exists. Therefore, in this study, as can be easily understood and accurate information to consumers a general basic knowledge on the safety of food is insufficient is related to food safety, was utilizing the graphic display of a one-dimensional you are trying to provide information providing method. As a result, in the display method is utilized to provide the information on food existing for, from the form of the information by utilizing the graphs and characters, using a graphical display showing the criteria for pesticide residues in one dimension it was found that the display shows how to readily appreciate the most accurate and safety standards regarding pesticide residues.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2014

Pesticides have provided significant benefits including plant disease control and increased crop yields since people developed and utilized them. However, pesticide use is associated with many adverse effects, which necessitate precise toxicological tests and risk assessment. Most of these methods are based on animal studies, but considerations of animal welfare and ethics require the development of alternative methods for the evaluation of pesticide toxicity. Although the usage of laboratory animals is inevitable in scientific evaluation and alternative approaches have limitations in the whole coverage, continuous effort is necessary to minimize animal use and to develop reliable alternative tests for pesticide evaluation. This review discusses alternative approaches for pesticide toxicity tests and hazard evaluation that have been used in peer-reviewed reports and could be applied in future studies based on the critical animal research principles of reduction, replacement, and refinement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2024

Objectives: The unsafe use of pesticides in agriculture represents a major hazard to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and health symptoms among chili farmers in northeast Thailand. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study included 141 chili farmers in Sakon Nakhon Province, in northeast Thailand. Data regarding health symptoms were gathered using a self-report questionnaire. A medical technician tested blood cholinesterase activity using an erythrocyte method, and an occupational medicine specialist at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand reviewed the results. Associations between personal characteristics, pesticide exposure factors, and health symptoms were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 141 chili farmers studied, 66.7% experienced pesticide poisoning, as indicated by below-normal cholinesterase levels. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom associated with pesticide exposure, affecting 37.6% of participants. This was followed by nausea and vomiting (31.9%), dizziness (14.9%), and dry throat (14.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with adverse symptoms: amount of work experience, volume of pesticides used, use of chemical pesticides, use of leaking containers during spraying, direct pesticide exposure while working, contact with pesticide-soaked clothing, consumption of food and drinks in the fields, and blood cholinesterase level indicating risk. Conclusions: This study suggests potential health risks for chili farmers stemming from exposure to and contamination by pesticides used in agricultural practices. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to supply personal protective equipment and to implement educational programs aimed at improving protective behaviors among farmers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to examine patients who developed acute pesticide poisoning while spraying or using pesticide and presented to the emergency department in hospitals in Chungcheongnam-do Province. Based on the findings, this study will provide implications for safety and health management pertaining to the use of pesticides. Methods: Pesticide poisoning data collected by the Chungnam Center for Farmers' Safety and Health from 2014 to 2018 was cross-sectionally analyzed. A total of 331 patients with pesticide poisoning presented to one of hospitals and four of medical centers in the region(Dankuk University Hospital, Gongju and Hongsung, Cheongyang, Cheonan Medical Center). Seventeen of these patients (15 men and two women) developed poisoning while spraying pesticide. The patients' charts were reviewed to collect data on pesticide poisoning, namely currently working in farming-related occupation, means of transportation to the hospital, place of poisoning, symptoms of acute pesticide poisoning, treatment, pesticide used when poisoning occurred, and classification by technical ingredients. Results: Fifteen out of 17 patients who developed poisoning while spraying pesticide were men. Insecticide was used in 35.3% of the cases, and herbicide was used in 29.4% of the cases, which was different from cases of poisoning from ingestion poisoning. The major symptoms were vomiting (35.3%), nausea (29.4%), dizziness (29.4%), and headache (23.5%). A total 11 ingredients were identified in 12 patients, and the most common ingredient was glyphosate, which is an herbicide. Most patients showed a state of mild toxicity, but two patients showed a state of severe toxicity. These patients respectively used glyphosate and paraquat. Conclusions: Our findings can be useful for suggesting the need for a national healthcare system to manage occupational pesticide poisoning among farmers. Further, these findings can be used to increase the awareness of the risk of acute poisoning during pesticide spraying and suggest the need for a safety health education to increase farmers' awareness of pesticide poisoning.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2008

국내 외 선행연구결과에 의한 어린이 출생 전 후 건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 주요 유해물질은 inorganic arsenic, BPA, 2,4-D, dichlorvos, methylmercury, PCBs, pesticide, phthalate, PFOA/PFOS, vinyl chloride 등으로서 국내에서도 이들을 포함한 확인 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이들의 행동발달과 연관된 생활환경에서의 다양한 인체노출이 확인됨에 따라 탁아소, 유치원과 같은 경우 어린이 활동공간을 대상으로 환경모니터링 및 위해관리활동도 병행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이 건강에 영향을 미치는 유해물질을 중심으로 독성평가, 인체영향연구, 환경 및 인체모니터링과 위해평가를 수행하므로 유해물질의 원인-상관관계를 확인하고 사실자료에 근거한 관리정책을 반영하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2013

Thidiazuron은 1976년 Plant Physiology 발표를 통해 생장조정제로 알려진 이후, 현재 우리나라에서도 생장조정제로 수박과 참외의 착과 증진 및 참다래의 과실비대 촉진, 포도의 과립 비대 증진 및 착립 증진 등을 위해 등록되어 사용되고 있다. Thidiazuron의 분석법은 식품공전에 수재되어 있으나, 등재 당시의 기술 이용, 일부 시험 대상 품목에 대한적용 등으로, 최근의 잔류허용기준 설정 품목의 증가와 분석기기 및 기술 발달을 반영하여 검증된 분석법으로 개선코자 하였다. 더불어, 개발된 분석법을 활용하여, thidiazuron의 사용이 허가되어 있는 수박, 키위, 포도를 포함한 국민 다소 비 식품 17품목에 대한 잔류실태조사도 수행하였다. 개발된 분석법의 회수율은, 현미 89.2~91.2 %, 고추 87.2~92.1 %, 감자 76.4~86.9 %, 수박 91.2~95.7 %, 키위 86.5~88.5 %, 포도 89.5~94.0 % 였으며, 반복 회수율 간 변이계수는 10 % 이하였다. 또한 개발된 분석법으로 우리나라에서 유통되고 있는 다소비 농산물 쌀, 상추, 사과 등 17품목 358건에 대해 농약 잔류실태를 조사한 결과 모든 시료에서 thidazulon은 검출되지 않았다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2010

2007~2009년 서울 강북지역에서 유통되고 있는 건조과실류 4종류에 대하여 전제 213건의 시료를 수거하여 잔류 농약을 분석하였다. 20종의 농약이 검출되었으며 66건(31.0%)의 시료에서 농약이 검출되었고, 8건(3.8%)의 시료에서 잔류 허용기준을 초과하였다. 농약성분별 검출 빈도는 cypcrmethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin 순이었다. 농약계열별 분포로는 피레스로이드계, 유기인계, 유가염소계, 다카르복시미드계 농약 순으로 검출이 높았다. 작물별 구기자(53.0%), 대추(34.9%), 복분자(7.6%), 오미자(4.6%) 순으로 검출률을 보였다. 본 연구에서 검출농약이 잔류하는 건조대추의 섭취로 인체에 유입될 원일 섭취 추정량으로 평가된 위해지수는 각 농약별 위해성 평가는 %ADI 값이 모두가 0.0001~0.0081%로서 인제 위해도는 낮은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The aim of this study was conducted to develop an analytical method to determine the concentration of ceftiofur residue in eel, flatfish, and shrimp. For derivatization and extraction, the sample was hydrolyzed with dithioerythritol to produce desfuroylceftiofur, which was then derivatized by iodoacetamide to obtain desfuroylceftiofur acetamide. For purification, the process of solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) was used. The target analytes were confirmed and quantified in $C_{18}$ column using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The linearity of the standard calibration curve was confirmed by a correlation coefficient, $r^2>0.99$. The limit of quantification for ceftiofur was 0.002 mg/kg; the accuracy (expressed as the average recoveries) was 80.6-105%; the precision (expressed as the coefficient of variation) was below 6.3% at 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/kg. The validated method demonstrated high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet the Codex guideline requirements. The developed method was tested using market samples. As a results, ceftiofur was detected in one sample. Therefore, it can be applied to the analysis of ceftiofur residues in fishery products.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.42.1-42.11
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• 2022

Background: Occupational pesticide exposure is a potential risk for respiratory health effects. Most clinical studies on pesticide exposure were related to acute exposure, and only a few studies on chronic exposure have been conducted. This study investigated the chronic respiratory health status and the chronic effects of occupational pesticide exposures of farmers in Gyeonggi-do. Methods: Surveys and pulmonary function tests were conducted on 1,697 farmers in 16 regions of Gyeonggi-do. The structured questionnaire included demographic characteristics, medical history, recent respiratory symptoms and diseases, and work-related conditions, and was conducted through one-on-one interviews. The prevalence of respiratory diseases was compared by the odds ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by logistic regression analysis. Additional multivariate logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Results: Pesticide work groups showed significant association with an obstructive pattern in the lung function test (unadjusted OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.17-5.52). Selected work-related variables of pesticide exposure were 'start age,' 'cumulative duration,' 'mixing pesticides,' and 'protection(goggle).' The obstructive pattern of lung function test showed significant associations with mixing pesticides (OR, 2.30; 95% CI,1.07-5.46), and protection (goggle) use (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.79). Conclusions: Mixing two or more pesticides showed a significant association. Wearing goggles can be seen as an indicator of awareness of the protective equipment and proper wearing of protective equipment, and loss of pulmonary function can be prevented when appropriate protection is worn.