• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2020

Personal mobility, which was used exclusively for leisure activities, has recently been used as a means of transportation, and it is expected to increase its role as the next generation transportation. Sales of personal mobility are increasing rapidly, but the problem is that traffic accidents are also increasing. In this study, human body injury caused by various collisions between electric wheel users and road users that occur on bicycle or pedestrian roads mainly used by personal mobility is analyzed through collision analysis and collision risk analysis. In the case of the collision accident for electric wheel, it is analyzed that the road users are more likely to be injured on the pedestrian road than the bicycle road. In addition, the head hit each other or fall and hit the floor caused severe head injury.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Purpose: The interest in the personal mobility started to grow and as the interest increases, there are growing concerns about the safety of it. The purpose of the study is to look at the types and dynamics of patients injured by the personal mobilities. Methods: This was a retrospective 2-year observational study, from January 2016 to December 2017, on the patients who visited the emergency center and the trauma center, with an injury related to driving the personal mobility. Cases of the personal mobility-related accident were collected based on electronic medical records and hospital emergency department-based injury in-depth surveillance data. Results: A total of 65 patients visited the emergency center and the trauma center, during this study period. Six patients of 50 adults admitted the alcohol consumption (12%) and two adult patients wore the helmet as the protection gear (3.1%). The number of the patients in 2017 rises three times more than the number of patients in 2016 (51 vs. 14). Injuries to the head and neck region (67.7%) was the most common, followed by the upper extremity (46.2%). Eleven patients (16.9%) were admitted to the hospital, of whom three were admitted to the intensive care unit due to intracranial hemorrhage. Nine patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: The use of the personal mobility will continue to grow and the accidents, caused by the vehicle, will increase along with it. The study showed the damage is worse than expected. Personal mobility currently has a limited safety laws and the riders are not yet fully aware of its danger. The improvement of the regulation of the personal mobility, safety education is needed.

• 의료법학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-82
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• 2019

남북 간의 교류와 협력은 그 과정에서 불가피하게 여러 가지 법적 분쟁을 야기할 수 있는데, 그 중에 하나가 인신사고로 인한 손해배상 문제이다. 이 글의 목적은 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정에 관한 북한법의 내용을 살펴보고 이를 남한법과 비교함으로써, 남북한 주민 간의 손해배상사건에 있어서 분쟁해결의 기준을 제시하는 데 있다. 향후 남북간의 교류와 협력이 확대될 것으로 예상됨에 따라, 북한의 손해배상법에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하고 시급한 과제이다. 남한 민법에는 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정과 관련한 구체적인 규정을 두고 있지 않기 때문에, 손해액 산정에 관한 구체적인 기준은 법원의 판례를 통해서 정해지게 된다. 남한의 법원은 인신사고로 인한 손해를 적극적 재산상 손해, 소극적 재산상 손해, 정신적 손해로 나누어서 각각의 손해액을 산정한다. 반면, 북한 손해보상법은 인신사고를 1) 건강을 침해한 경우(제41조), 2) 건강을 침해하여 장애를 남긴 경우(제42조), 3) 인신 침해로 사망에 이르게 한 경우(제44조)로 나누어서 그에 따른 손해의 항목을 구체적으로 규정하고, 손해액 산정에 관한 규정(제43조, 제51조)을 두고 있다. 또한, 남한에서는 신체사고에 대한 정신적 손해배상을 넓게 인정하고 있으나, 북한에서는 정신적 손해배상을 원칙적으로 인정하고 있지 않다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.385-388
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• 2008

Recently, occurrence frequency of natural disaster decrease but scale of damage increase remarkably by the Climate change due to global warming. Especially, extreme heat become more critical wether problem in the Korean Peninsula. But, we don't have exact threshold about extreme heat. Therefore, to assess the influences by the extreme heat on personal injury, we analyzed statistics on the causes of the daily mortality. And we developed a threshold for extreme heat health watch warning system.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to head injuries among drivers of personal mobility devices and provide insights into safety perceptions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data of 221 trauma patients obtained from electronic medical records and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) over one year, from August 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022. The patients, all in their 20s and 30s, presented to a single emergency medical center following personal mobility device accidents (motorcycles, electric scooters, and bicycles). Results: Among motorcycle riders, 18.2% were not wearing helmets, while the percentage of e-scooter riders not wearing helmets was 87.5%. Wearing a helmet was associated with a 71.2% lower likelihood of head injuries (OR=0.288, CI=0.163 to 0.509, p=0.000). Of the personal mobility devices, motorcycles had a 0.431 times lower odds ratio for head injury compared to e-scooters (p=0.009), and there was no significant difference between e-scooters and bicycles (p=0.776). Conclusion: It is imperative to strengthen safety regulations by mandating helmet use for riders of personal mobility devices. A system to enhance driving enforcement for electric scooters, which are increasingly popular among young adults, should also be established.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1227-1232
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to develop qualification analysis preliminary frame for railway personal injury accident. In this research, we develop accident scenarios to analyze systematically and evaluate quantitatively fatality accident scenarios for railway personal. The accident scenario analysis first identifies the hazardous events and explains the hazardous conditions that surround the accident and cause railway accidents. This method includes a feasibility test, a clustering process and a pattering process for a clearer understanding of the accident situation. Since this method enables an accident scenario analysis to be performed systematically as well as objectively, this method is useful in building better accident prevention strategies. Therefore, this study could serve to reduce railway accidents and could be an effective tool for a hazard analysis.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2021

Background: With the increasing demand for industrial robots and the "noncontact" trend, it is an appropriate point in time to examine whether risk assessments conducted for robot operations are performed effectively to identify and eliminate the risks of injury or harm to operators. This study discusses why robot accidents resulting in harm to operators occur repetitively despite implementing control measures and proposes corrective actions for risk assessments. Methods: This study collected 369 operator-injured robot accidents in Korea over the last decade and reconstructed them into the mechanism of injury, work being undertaken, and bodily location of the injury. Then, through the techniques of Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (SCAT) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), this study analyzed the root and direct causes of robot accidents that had occurred. Causes identified included physical hazards and complex combinations of hazards, such as psychological, organizational, and systematic errors. The requirements of risk assessments regarding robot operations were examined, and three case studies of robot-involved tasks were investigated. The three assessments presented were: camera module processing, electrical discharge machining, and a panel-flipping robot installation. Results: After conducting RCA and comparing the three assessments, it was found that two-thirds of injury-occurring from robot accidents, causative factors included psychological and personal traits of robot operators. However, there were no evaluations of the identifications of personal aspects in the three assessment cases. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that personal factors of operators, which had been overlooked in risk assessments so far, need to be included in future risk assessments on robot operations.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2011

Real-world accident cases were investigated to understand injury characteristics of the elderly driver. A total 10 cases of car-to-car frontal crash accidents from passenger car including SUV claimed to domestic car insurance company were reviewed. The injury characteristics of the elderly were analyzed from personal information (gender, age), medical treatment record (medical certificate, curative days), vehicle information (model, air-bag, seatbelt) and damage information. This study showed that elderly driver has higher possibility of thorax injury than non-elderly's. Moreover, Injury type and severity were more severe than non-elderly driver at similar type accident conditions. Also, elderly driver's medical treatment period needs 3 times more than non-elderly driver's.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1018-1034
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to construct model of sexual adjustment in people with spinal cord injury and to determine factors that relate to sexual adjustment using methodological triangulation. A total of 134 persons who were registered members of spinal cord injury organization and admitted rehabilitation unit in the hospital were included in the study. Participants answered questionnaire concerning importance of life events, sexual concern, sexual adjustment. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured indepth interviews from 10 individuals with spinal cord injury who were previously included in the quantitative study. Constant compatative method was used to analyze the data. The results were as follows : 1) With respect to eleven other areas of life, sex life ranked the sixth and economic status ranked the highest in terms of importance. However social life ranked the lowest among the 11areas. 2) Among seven topics related to sexuality were methods and techniques to achieve sexual satisfaction, and helping a partner cope emotionally with limitation on sexual dysfunction was the second greastest. 3) The mean score for sexual adjustment was 19.47 which can be considered. 4) A process on how individuals with spinal cord injury adjust to their changed sexual life immerged from the qualitative data. It includs 4 stages: 'stage of loss' 'stage of endeavoring' 'stage of effort' and 'stage of adjustment'. Categories showing context for the action/interaction strategies were 'steadiness' and 'rediscovery as a sexual being'. There were three factors which may stimulate the adjustment process while the others may interrupt it. Those factors included personal matters, family matters and social matters. The individuals may follow each stage step by step but may go back to the previous step depending on the outcomes of their adjustment. 5) There were three factors which may stimulate the adjustment process while the others may interrupt it. Those factors included personal matters, family matters and social matters.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2022

Purpose: The increasing use of electric personal mobility devices (ePMDs) has been accompanied by an increasing incidence of associated accidents. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of ePMD-related injuries and their associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance database from 2014 to 2018. All patients who were injured while operating an ePMD were eligible. The primary outcome was the rate of severe injury, defined as an excess mortality ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score of ≥25. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of outcomes associated with ePMD-related injuries. Results: Of 1,391,980 injured patients, 684 (0.05%) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Their median age was 28 years old, and most injuries were sustained by men (68.0%). The rate of ePMD-related injuries increased from 3.1 injuries per 100,000 population in 2014 to 100.3 per 100,000 population in 2018. A majority of the injuries occurred on the street (32.7%). The most commonly injured area was the head and face (49.6%), and the most common diagnosis was superficial injuries or contusions (32.9%). Being aged 55 years or older (AOR, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-11.36) and operating an ePMD while intoxicated (AOR, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-5.08) were associated with severe injuries. Conclusions: The number of emergency room visits due to ePMD-related injuries is increasing. Old age and drunk driving are both associated with serious injuries. Active traffic enforcement and safety regulations regarding ePMDs should be implemented to prevent severe injuries caused by ePMD-related accidents.