• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2024

Background: Little is known about the frequency and impact of the persistent headache and about the incidence of chronic daily headache (CDH) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, characteristics, and impact of CDH in patients with COVID-19. Methods: In the first stage, 288 patients were interviewed by telephone after the acute phase of COVID-19. Subsequently, 199 patients who presented headache were reinterviewed at least one year after COVID-19. Headaches that persisted beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 for three or more months and presented frequency ≥ 45 days over the first three months were considered to be CDH. Results: One hundred and twenty-three patients were included, 56% were females; median age: 50 years (25th and 75th percentile: 41;58). The headache persisted beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 in 52%, and 20.3% had CDH (95% confidence interval: 13.6-28.2). Individuals who previously had headaches and who had headaches of greater intensity during the acute phase were at higher risk of developing CDH. The group with CDH included more females, greater impact of headache, more persistence of headache beyond the 120th day of COVID-19 and less throbbing headache than did the other individuals whose headache persisted. Conclusions: Patients who had COVID-19 had a high incidence of CDH. Previous headache and greater intensity of headache were associated with higher risk of CDH.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

근막통증은 발통점에 의해 야기되는 근육통을 특징으로 하는 전반적인 통증 증후군으로 정의될 수 있다. 근막통증은 경부통, 견통, 두통 및 구강안면통증이 지속적으로 존재할 수 있는 흔한 원인이 될 수 있다. 구강안면통증을 치료하는 의사들은 근막통증이 구강안면통증에 기여하는 바에 대하여 이해하고 있어야 한다. 본 증례는 보툴리눔 톡신 A형을 이용한 만성 근막통증의 성공적인 치료에 대하여 보고하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.226-228
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• 1996

Rectal tenesmus is a persistent, painful and ineffectual sensation of straining at stool or opening of the bowels. The pain is usually spasmodic in nature and most commonly encountered in patients with carcinoma of the rectum or other pelvic organs. In 1988, Bristowand Foster reported that patients with severe spasmodic painful tenesmus were relieved with chemical sympathectomy. In 1990, Plancarte introduced block of Ganglion impar. This technique is proposed as an alternative means of managing localized perineal pain of sympathetic origin. Ganglion impar block was performed on a 54-year-old female patient when analgesic or psychotropic drugs failed to control the symptoms of post-traumatic severe spasmodic painful tenesmus. Postoperatively, patient was free of tenesmoid pain for only 7 days. We then performed neurotomy by RF lesion generator which provided complete pain relief.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate meta-analysis on the effects of exercise therapy and physiotherapy on pain in korean patients with chronic low back pain. Method: Meta-analysis was performed on the type and method of treatment. A total of 23 experimental studies were coding into 31 individual studies, into types, methods, visual analogue scale (VAS), each pre/post value of the effect size was calculated by meta-analysis. Results: Sling exercise, stretching, thermal therapy, kinesio-taping, lumbar stabilization exercise, electrotherapy is large effect size (ES ≥ .08). In addition, big effects occurred in order of treatment period is more than 9 weeks, three times a week. Conclusion: Our results indicated that persistent treatment of chronic back pain is the most effective method of self-sufficiency rather than temporary relief.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Background: Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in persistent pain, including neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Since the data suggest that ROS are involved in central sensitization, the present study examines the levels of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal horn after an exogenous supply of three antioxidants in rats with chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP). This serves as an animal model of complex regional pain syndrome type-I induced by hindpaw ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: The application of tight-fitting O-rings for a period of three hours produced CPIP in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Allopurinol 4 mg/kg, allopurinol 40 mg/kg, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 4,000 U/kg, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 10 mg/kg and SOD 4,000 U/kg plus L-NAME 10 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally just after O-ring application and on the first and second days after reperfusion. Mechanical allodynia was measured, and activation of the NMDA receptor subunit 1 (pNR1) of the lumbar spinal cord (L4-L6) was analyzed by the Western blot three days after reperfusion. Results: Allopurinol reduced mechanical allodynia and attenuated the enhancement of spinal pNR1 expression in CPIP rats. SOD and L-NAME also blocked spinal pNR1 in accordance with the reduced mechanical allodynia in rats with CPIP. Conclusions: The present data suggest the contribution of superoxide, produced via xanthine oxidase, and the participation of superoxide and nitric oxide as a precursor of peroxynitrite in NMDA mediated central sensitization. Finally, the findings support a therapeutic potential for the manipulation of superoxide and nitric oxide in ischemia/reperfusion related pain conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.226-228
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• 2011

We report a case of spontaneous right carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) in a proximal segment of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) and combined vascular anomalies such as left duplicated hypoplastic proximal posterior cerebral arteries and a variation of anterior choroidal artery supplying temporal and occipital lobe. A 45-year-old male presented with progressive right exophthalmos, diplopia, and ocular pain. With manual compression of the internal carotid artery, a cerebral angiography revealed a right CCF from a PPTA. Treatment involved the placement of detachable non-fibered and fibered coils, and use of a hyperglide balloon to protect against coil herniation into the internal carotid artery. A final angiograph revealed complete occlusion of PPTA resulted in no contrast filling of CCF.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.261-264
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• 1991

The result of thoracotomy for recurrent and persistent pneumothorax is usually excellent. However the patients undergone thoracotomy suffer from postoperative chest pain and require long postoperative recovery period. Also the operative incision scar gives the patients cosmetic problems. Subpleural blebs are usually causes of pneumothorax. They can be reached through the thoracoscope without thoracotomy and can be ablated by electrical cautery through it. Six patients with recurrent and persistent pneumothorax were managed thoracoscopic-ally. Five patients were successful and one case was failed. The failed case was explored 21 days after thoracoscopy. Follow-up period was from one to eight months. Although the follow-up period was short, thoracoscopic management of recurrent and persistent pneumothorax is thought to be good for preventing thoracotomy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.166-169
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• 1997

The nutcracker syndorme refers to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesentric artery which results in renal vein, left gonadal vein varices, hematuria and left sided flank pain. We report this experience of 11yr-11mon of girl has typical Nutcracker syndrome with persistent proteinuria and without typical hematuria. According to the renal biopsy for persistent proteinuria, biopsy shows pathologic findings similar to minimal change nephrotic syndrome. All symtpoms relieved without any specific treatments but she had no response to steroid treatment for persistent proteinuria. Now she was followed up through OPD base without symptom and consideration of surgical intervention.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2022

Horizontal root fracture (HRF) is a result of trauma to teeth and periodontium, which implies severe injury to cementum, dentin, and pulp. This is a rare case of HRF in the maxillary lateral incisor of a 62-year-old male who only presented persistent gingival swelling, fistula, and dull pain at first. An apical radiolucency of unknown origin turned out to be a result of hidden HRF at the coronal third level that was later visualized radiographically during endodontic treatment. The tooth was scheduled to be extracted upon the patient's agreement. The purpose of this report is to alert clinicians about the importance of diagnosing HRF through thorough clinical and radiographic examinations. Where there is persistent fistula without proper cause, HRF should be considered as a causative factor, and the diagnosis could be effective with aid of cone beam computed tomography, electronic root apex locator, as well as other clinical signs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2015

Background: Lumbar discogenic pain without pain mediated by a disc herniation, facet joints, or the sacroiliac joints, is common and often results in chronic, persistent pain and disability. After conservative treatment failure, injection therapy, such as an epidural injection, is frequently the next step considered in managing discogenic pain. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of lumbar epidural injections in managing discogenic pain without radiculopathy, and compare this approach to lumbar fusion or disc arthroplasty surgery. Methods: A systematic review of randomized trials published from 1966 through October 2014 of all types of epidural injections and lumbar fusion or disc arthroplasty in managing lumbar discogenic pain was performed with methodological quality assessment and grading of evidence. The level of evidence was based on the grading of evidence criteria which, was conducted using 5 levels of evidence ranging from levels I to V. Results: Based on a qualitative assessment of the evidence for both approaches, there is Level II evidence for epidural injections, either caudal or lumbar interlaminar. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests fluoroscopically directed epidural injections provide long-term improvement in back and lower extremity pain for patients with lumbar discogenic pain. There is also limited evidence showing the potential effectiveness of surgical interventions compared to nonsurgical treatments.