• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

In this study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities were compared for the extracts of non-fermented Ligustrum japonicum fruits (LJF) and fermented counterparts. U se of Latilactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) and Weissella minor (W. minor), isolated from the Jeju Chromis notata, as fermented strains led to the extracts of LJF-LC and LJF-WM in this experiment. The yield of each fermented extract (LJF-LC and LJF-WM) was 40.5 ~ 46.0%, higher than 29.5% of non-fermented extract (LJF). As a result of an activity experiment using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccaride (LPS), it was confirmed that LJF-WM, a fermented extract, has an excellent effect of inhibiting NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Upon the screening of DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities, the fermented LJF-LC and LJF-WM showed comparable to the non-fermented LJF. In the study of cell protection effect using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the fermented LJF-WM indicated protective effect against oxidative stress. In addition, quantitative analysis of a major constituent salidroside by HPLC indicated about 15.6 mg/g for the LJF-LC and 13.9 mg/g for the LJF-WM, which were higher than that of non-fermented LJF (12.0 mg/g). Based on these results, it was suggested that the fermented extract from L. japonicum fruits could be used as a natural cosmetics material with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.591-599
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• 2023

Fisetin is a bioactive flavonol molecule and has been shown to have antioxidant potential, but its efficacy has not been fully validated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of fisetin on C2C12 murine myoblastjdusts under hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage. The results revealed that fisetin significantly weakened H₂O₂-induced cell viability inhibition and DNA damage while blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Fisetin also significantly alleviated cell cycle arrest by H₂O₂ treatment through by reversing the upregulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and the downregulation of cyclin A and B levels. In addition, fisetin significantly blocked apoptosis induced by H₂O₂ through increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and attenuating mitochondrial damage, which was accompanied by inactivation of caspase-3 and suppression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, fisetin-induced nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Nrf2 were related to the increased expression and activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in H₂O₂-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts. However, the protective efficacy of fisetin on H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, were greatly offset when HO-1 activity was artificially inhibited. Therefore, our results indicate that fisetin as an Nrf2 activator effectively abrogated oxidative stress-mediated damage in C2C12 myoblasts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of various ratios of sesame oil to shortening on the characteristics and stability of lipids in Yackwa. The sesame oil to shortening ratios assessed herein were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 1:100. The lipid contents of Yackwa prepared with various shortening ratios ranged from 25.20 to 29.12%. The lipids in these Yackwa consisted primarily of the frying oil (soybean oil), and the oil contents were measured between 84-90%. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids in the Yackwa were unrelated to the ratio of shortening. The fatty acid compositions were as follows: linoleic acid 49.1-51.27%, oleic acid 26.05-26.77%, palmitic acid 10.07-11.71%, linolenic acid 5.51-5.72% and stearic acid 4.51-4.68%. These compositions were similar to that of soybean oil, which was the frying oil used to prepare the Yackwa. The acid value, peroxide value, and carbonyl value of the lipids in Yackwa did not differ with the various shortening ratios used during the storage time. Stability of lipids in Yackwa were mainly effected by frying oil. Our results suggest that shortening should prove useful as a substitute for sesame oil in the preparation of Yackwa.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.482-489
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• 2006

Two electrode-based lactate biosensor was prepared by immobilizing lactate oxidase (LOD) obtained from pediococcus species in a poly(vinyl alcohol). Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) produced by the reaction of lactate and LOD was detected on the Pt-black that was electrochemically deposited on the Au electrode. Sensors fabricated with Pt-black deposited Au electrode provided a high current of $H_2O_2$ oxidation at a substantially lowered applied potential (+300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl), resulting in reduced interferences from easily oxidizable species such as ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid. An outer membrane is formulated by adjusting water uptake of hydrophilic polyurethane (HPU). The sensor performance was evaluated in vitro with both flow-through arrangement and static mode. The sensor showed a linear range from 0.1 mM to about 9.0 mM in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) containing 0.05 M NaCl. Storing the sensors prepared in this work at $4^{\circ}C$ buffer solution while not in use, they provided same electrochemical performance for more than 25 days.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1616-1627
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• 2022

Objective: This work was conducted to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on meat quality, mitochondrial function, calcium metabolism and ferroptosis of broilers. Methods: In this study, a total of 144 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were divided into 3 groups (control group, saline group, and hydrogen peroxide [H₂O₂] group) with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each. The study lasted for 42 d. The broilers in the saline and H₂O₂ groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75% saline and 10.0% H₂O₂ on the 16th and 37th day of the experimental period respectively, the injection volumes were 1.0 mL/kg of broiler body weight. On the 42nd day of the experimental period, two chicks were randomly selected from each cage, a total of thirty-six chicks were stunned by electric shock and slaughtered to collect breast muscle samples. Results: The H₂O₂ exposure reduced pH value, increased drip loss and shear force of breast meat (p<0.05), impaired the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria. The H₂O₂ exposure damaged the antioxidant system in mitochondria, excessive reactive oxygen species carbonylation modified calcium channels on mitochondria, which impaired the activities of key enzymes on calcium channel, resulted in the increased calcium concentration in cytoplasm and mitochondria (p<0.05). In addition, the H₂O₂ exposure increased the iron content and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05), which induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could impair meat quality by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in calcium metabolism disorder and ferroptosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2023

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb) toxicity, are increasing in soil and are considered toxic in small amounts. Pb contamination is mainly caused by industrialization - smelting, mining. Agricultural practices - sewage sludge, pests and urban practices - lead paint. It can seriously damage and threaten crop growth. Pb can adversely affect plant growth and development by affecting the photosystem, cell membrane integrity, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)andsuperoxide(O₂.-). NO is produced via enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to scavenge ROS and lipid peroxidation substrates in terms of protecting cells from oxidative damage. Thus, NO improves ion homeostasis and confers resistance to metal stress. Our results here suggest that exogenous NO may aid in better growth under lead stress. These enhancements may be aided by NO's ability in sensing, signaling and stress tolerance in plants under heavy metal stress in combination with lead stress. Our results show that GSNO has a positive effect on soybean seedling growth in response to axillary pressure and that NO supplementation helps to reduce chlorophyll maturation and relative water content in leaves and roots following strong burst under lead stress. GSNO supplementation (200 µM and 100 µM) reduced compaction and approximated oxidative damage of MDA, proline and H₂O₂. Under plant tension, a distorted appearance was found in the relief of oxidative damage by ROS scavenging by GSNO application. In summary, modulation of these NO, PCS and prolongation of metal past reversing GSNO application confirms the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean. In summary, these NO, PCS and metal traditionally sustained rates of reverse GSNO application confirm the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean.

• Clean Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

Globally, the demand for electric vehicles has surged due to greenhouse gas regulations related to climate change, leading to an increase in the production of used batteries as a consequence of the battery life issue. This study aims to selectively leach and recover valuable metal lithium from the cathode material of spent LFP (LiFePO₄) batteries among lithium-ion batteries. Generally, the use of inorganic acids results in the emission of toxic gases or the generation of large quantities of wastewater, causing environmental issues. To address this, research is being conducted to leach lithium using organic acids and other leaching agents. In this study, selective leaching was performed using the organic acid methane sulfonic acid (MSA, CH₃SO₃H). Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for selectively leaching lithium by varying the MSA concentration, pulp density, and hydrogen peroxide dosage. The results of this study showed that lithium was leached at approximately 100%, while iron and phosphorus components were leached at about 1%, verifying the leaching efficiency and the leaching rates of the main components under different variables.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.885-895
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the production and characteristics of protein hydrolysates derived from tuna byproducts (TP) using various proteolytic enzymes and to compare the antioxidant activity of the resulting hydrolysates. The TP were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using five different proteases: alcalase, bromelain, flavourzyme, neutrase, and papain, and the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were evaluated. Subsequent analysis of the available amino group contents and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns indicated a high degree of hydrolysis in TP after treatment with all the enzymes, except for papain. Based on the RC₅₀ values obtained from four different antioxidant analyses, all the hydrolysates exhibited similar antioxidant activity, except for the flavourzyme hydrolysate, which showed significantly higher scavenging activity against ABTS radicals and hydrogen peroxide than the other hydrolysates. These findings suggest that protein hydrolysates derived from TP hold promise as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.298-306
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• 2024

This study evaluated the differentiation and protective effects of mixed plant-extract powder in C2C12 muscle cells. Cells were differentiated into myotubes in 2% horse serum (HS)-containing medium with mixed plant-extract powder (MPEP) for 6 days. Treatment with MPEP increased the expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein in cells compared with non-treated cells. Differentiated cells were pretreated with MPEP, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Our results revealed that treatment with MPEP before H₂O₂ treatment increased cell viability and decreased H₂O₂-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). In addition, MPEP attenuated H₂O₂-induced upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. These results suggest the MPEP can stimulate C2C12 muscle cell differentiation into myotubes and observe the protective effect of mixed plant-extract powder against muscle oxidative stress. In conclusion, MPEP may be useful as a prevention and treatment material for skeletal muscle disease caused by age-related diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.231-243
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• 2023

Objectives : Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum is used as a traditional or folk remedy in China to treat arthritis, hepatitis, duodenitis, conjunctivitis, gastritis, and diarrhea. In this study, we aimed to study the hepatocyte protective activity and molecular mechanism of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum aqueous extract (JGW) using HepG2 hepatocyte cell lines. Methods : HepG2 cells were pretreated with diverse concentrations of JGW, and then the cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for inducing oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, glutathione (GSH) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell viability were measured to investigate hepato-protective effects of JGW. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and effects of compound C on cell viability were examined to observe the role of AMPK on JGW-mediated cytoprotection. Results : Pretreatment with JGW (10-300 ㎍/mL) significantly suppressed cytotoxicity induced by tBHP in a concentration dependent manner and reduced the expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 proteins related to apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, pretreatment with JGW significantly prevented the increase in H₂O₂ production, GSH depletion, and lower MMP induced by tBHP. Treatment with JGW (30 minutes of incubation and concentrations of 100 and 300 ㎍/mL) increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and treatment with compound C, a chemical inhibitor of AMPK, inhibited the cytoprotective effect of JGW. Conclusions : Our results demonstrated that JGW may protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress via activation of AMPK.