• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at BL23 (n=6, BL23), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 (n=6, CV12), and LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at GV4 (n=6, GV4). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by intraperitoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results : For proinflammatory cytokines, CV12 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control group in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 5 h after LPS injection (P<0.05). For plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, CV12 pharmacopuncture group also showed significant difference at 2 h compared with the control (P<0.05). GV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control at 5 h in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ and at 2 h in IL-10 (P<0.05). Liver cytokines were analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection; only CV12 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ (P<0.05) and others including IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 had no difference compared with the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). Plasma NO3-/NO2- and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 of CV12 pharmacopuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2, all 3 pharmacopuncture groups had significantly lower values than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference among pharmacopucnture groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutorphil chemoattractant-1 in peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in CV12 pharmacopuncture group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2015

To clarify the role of surface protective antigen A (SpaA) in the pathogenesis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae C43065 (serotype 2), the spaA deletion mutant of E. rhusiopathiae ${\Delta}spaA$ was constructed by homologous recombination. The virulence of the ${\Delta}spaA$ mutant decreased more than 76-fold compared with that of the wild-type strain C43065 in mice. The mutant strain was sensitive to the bactericidal action of swine serum, whereas the wild-type strain was resistant. The adhesion of wild-type strain to MEF cells was inhibited significantly by treatment with rabbit antiserum against recombinant SpaA (rSpaA) as compared with the treatment with normal rabbit serum, but the mutant strain was not affected. The mutant strain was readily taken up by mouse peritoneal macrophages in the normal rabbit serum, whereas the wild-type strain was resistant. Whereas the rabbit antiserum against rSpaA promoted the phagocytosis of wild-type strain by macrophages, the mutant strain was not affected. In addition, mice vaccinated with the formalin-killed mutant strain were provided 40% protection against challenge by the homologous virulent strain as compared with those with wild-type strain, NaOH-extracted antigen, or rSpaA, which provided more than 80% protection against the same infection. These suggested that SpaA has an important role in the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae infection and could be a target for vaccination against swine erysipelas.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2015

This study measured the plasma and liver concentrations of cytokines, the distribution of blood lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 and CD8), plasma levels of nitrite (NO₃^–) and nitrate (NO₂^–), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and CINC-1 in order to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the cinnamon extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. The plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were lower in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at both 2 and 5 h after LPS injection. Furthermore, the liver concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at 5 h after LPS injection. Plasma IL-10 concentrations were higher in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at both 2 and 5 h after LPS injection, and liver concentrations of IL-10 did not differ significantly among all treatment groups at 5 h after LPS injection. The distribution of CD4 tended to increase, and that of CD8 tended to decrease in the cinnamon extract groups. The CD4/CD8 ratio was increased in the cinnamon extract groups. The plasma concentrations of NO₃^–/NO₂^–, ICAM-1, CINC-1, and PGE2 and the PLF concentrations of MCP-1 and CINC-1 exhibited a tendency to decrease in the cinnamon extract groups. These results indicate that cinnamon extract can exert functional anti-inflammatory effects.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.13.1-13.19
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• 2021

Macrophages are important for the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. Integrin CD11b, which is encoded by Itgam, is expressed on the surface of macrophages and has been implicated in adhesion, migration, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, the functional impact of CD11b on the inflammatory responses of macrophages upon microbial infection remains unclear. Here, we show that CD11b deficiency resulted in increased susceptibility to sepsis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection by enhancing the pro-inflammatory activities of macrophages. Upon infection with MRSA, the mortality of Itgam knockout mice was significantly higher than that of control mice, which is associated with increased production of TNF-α and IL-6. In response to MRSA, both bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages lacking CD11b produced elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Moreover, CD11b deficiency upregulated IL-4-induced expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and arginase-1, and an immunomodulatory function of macrophages to restrain T cell activation. Biochemical and confocal microscopy data revealed that CD11b deficiency augmented the activation of NF-κB signaling and phosphorylation of Akt, which promotes the functional activation of macrophages with pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory phenotypes, respectively. Overall, our experimental evidence suggests that CD11b is a critical modulator of macrophages in response to microbial infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2000

Objective: Extrauterine formation of decidua of stromal cells has been well described, particularly in the cervix and ovary. The apparent hormonal mechanisn of this phenomenon suggestes a relationship to endometriosis. Whether formation of ectopic decidua represents a marked progestational response of endometriosis or an independent peritoneal-stromal reaction to pregnancy is unclear. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of deciduosis in the patients whose fertility were proven. Design: Prospective study of patients who had undergone cesarean delivery without history of endometriosis. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 179 full tenn pregnant women. During the cesarean section, the pelvic organs were thoroughly investigated and the biopsies were collected at the lesions suspicious endometriosis. And then microscopic examination of removed tissues were done. Results: Of the 179 patients who underwent cesarean delivery, 48 women (26.8%) had the lesions suspicious endometriosis such as adhesion, pigmented spots. The ovary was the most frequently ocurred site (79.2%). Microscopically, decidual cells were observed in 34 cases (70.8%) of 48 biopsed patients. Conclusion: Endometriosis has been known to be associated with subfertility. Our observations found the prevalence of deciduosis was 19.0% (34/179) in tenn pregnant women whose fertilites were proven. We suggests that the deciduosis maya manifestation of endometriosis during pregnancy. However, further follow up study should be done to confirm this clinicopathologic process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.14
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• 2023

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of high-plasticity mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-HP) on the activity of M1 and M2 macrophages, compared to white MTA (Angelus). Materials and Methods: Peritoneal inflammatory M1 (from C57BL/6 mice) and M2 (from BALB/c mice) macrophages were cultured in the presence of the tested materials. Cell viability (MTT and trypan blue assays), adhesion, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production were evaluated. Parametric analysis of variance and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Results were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: The MTT assay revealed a significant decrease in M1 metabolism with MTA-HP at 24 hours, and with MTA and MTA-HP later. The trypan blue assay showed significantly fewer live M1 at 48 hours and live M2 at 48 and 72 hours with MTA-HP, compared to MTA. M1 and M2 adherence and phagocytosis showed no significant differences compared to control for both materials. Zymosan A stimulated ROS production by macrophages. In the absence of interferon-γ, TNF-α production by M1 did not significantly differ between groups. For M2, both materials showed higher TNF-α production in the presence of the stimulus, but without significant between-group differences. Likewise, TGF-β production by M1 and M2 macrophages was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: M1 and M2 macrophages presented different viability in response to MTA and MTA-HP at different time points. Introducing a plasticizer into the MTA vehicle did not interfere with the activity of M1 and M2 macrophages.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

목 적: 본 연구는 세포간 부착과 유착에 관여하는 당단백질의 하나인 osteopontin (OPN)의 mRNA와 단백질의 발현 양상을 자궁내막증 환자의 정상위치 자궁내막조직과 이소성 자궁내막조직, 대조군의 자궁내막조직에서 비교, 분석하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구방법: 개복 또는 복강경 수술을 통하여 자궁내막증으로 확진된 환자 32명을 연구 대상으로 하였고 같은 시기에 자궁경부 상피내암 또는 자궁내막증 이외의 양성 부인과 질환으로 수술적 치료를 받은 환자 34명을 대조군으로 하였다. 수술 시 자궁내막종 또는 복강내 자궁내막 이식물로부터 이소성 자궁내막조직을 얻었고, 동시에 정상위치 자궁내막조직을 생검하였다. 자궁내막조직 내의 OPN mRNA의 발현 정도는 실시간 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 비교하고 단백질 발현에는 western blot 분석을 사용하였다. 각 군 간의 비교에는 ANOVA와 Krusxal-Wallis test를 사용하였으며 p-value 0.05 미만을 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 결 과: 월경주기의 증식기와 분비기 모두에서 자궁내막중 환자의 정상위치 및 이소성 자궁내막조직에서의 OPN mRNA의 발현은 대조군의 자궁내막조직에 비해 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다 자궁내막중 환자에서 정상위치 자궁내막조직의 경우 OPN mRNA의 발현은 증식기에 비해 분비 기에서 의미 있게 증가하였으나 이소성 자궁내막 조직에서는 분비기에서 뚜렷하게 감소하는 양상으로 나타났다. OPN 단백질의 발현도 mRNA의 발현과 마찬가지로 자궁내막중 환자에서 유의하게 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 결 론: 본 연구의 결과는 자궁내막증이 있는 여성의 정상위치 및 이소성 자궁내막 조직에서의 증가된 OPN mRNA 및 단백질의 발현이 자궁내막 조직의 유착 및 침습에 관여할 수 있음을 시사한다.