• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.11
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• 2021

Background: Scalding burn injuries can occur in everyday life but occur more frequently in young children. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective burn treatments. Objectives: This study examined the effects of bee venom (BV) stimulation on scalding burn injury-induced nociception in mice as a new treatment for burn pain. Methods: To develop a burn injury model, the right hind paw was immersed temporarily in hot water (65℃, 3 seconds). Immediately after the burn, BV (0.01, 0.02, or 0.1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral knee area once daily for 14 days. A von Frey test was performed to assess the nociceptive response, and the altered walking parameters were evaluated using an automated gait analysis system. In addition, the peripheral and central expression changes in substance P (Sub P) were measured in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord by immunofluorescence. Results: Repeated BV treatment at the 2 higher doses used in this study (0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg) alleviated the pain responses remarkably and recovered the gait performances to the level of acetaminophen (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, once daily), which used as the positive control group. Moreover, BV stimulation had an inhibitory effect on the increased expression of Sub P in the peripheral and central nervous systems by a burn injury. Conclusions: These results suggest that a peripheral BV treatment may have positive potency in treating burn-induced pain.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2020

Objective: This study was aimed to report the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: The prior studies were searched from the databases included PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKi, CiNii, KISS, NDSL, KMBASE, and OASIS until September 2020. The main search keywords were chemotherapy, peripheral neuropathy, and herbal medicine, and only randomized controlled trials that analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicine were included. The Cochrane's Risk of Bias was used for assessment of the risk of bias and the Review Manager 5.3 program was used for meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were grouped by the administration routes of herbal medicines (oral administration or topical use). Results: Nine studies with a total of 563 participants were included. Compared with usual care, the effective rate was higher in oral administrated herbal medicine (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.23; p<0.001, I2=31%). In addition, topical herbal medicine showed an significantly higher effective rate than placebo (RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.18; p<0.001, I2=0%) and usual care (RR 2.24, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.89; p<0.001, I2=66%). There was no severe adverse effect in all participants. Conclusions: Herbal medicine appears to improve neuropathy caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients more than conventional therapy of CIPN. However, as there is heterogeneity between the included studies and a lack of blinding, further well-designed researches are more needed.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2023

Background: Clinical spectrum of immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy varies from IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (IgM-MGUS) to hematological malignancies. We evaluated the clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics, and prognosis of patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (PN-IgM MG). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 25 patients with PN-IgM MG. Peripheral neuropathy was classified as axonal, demyelinating, or undetermined, based on electrophysiological studies. We classified the enrolled patients into the IgM-MGUS and malignancy groups, and compared the clinical and electrophysiological features between the groups. Results: Fifteen patients had IgM-MGUS and 10 had hematologic malignancies (Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: two and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: eight). In the electrophysiological evaluation, the nerve conduction study (NCS) criteria for demyelination were met in 86.7% of the IgM-MGUS group and 10.0% of the malignancy group. In particular, the distal latencies of the motor NCS in the IgM-MGUS group were significantly prolonged compared to those in the malignancy group (median, 9.1 ± 5.1 [IgM-MGUS], 4.2 ± 1.3 [malignancy], p = 0.003; ulnar, 5.4 ± 1.9 [IgM-MGUS], 2.9 ± 0.9 [malignancy], p = 0.001; fibular, 9.3 ± 5.1 [IgM-MGUS], 3.8 ± 0.3 [malignancy], p = 0.01; P-posterior tibial, 8.3 ± 5.4 [IgM-MGUS], 4.4 ± 1.0 [malignancy], p = 0.04). Overall treatment responses were significantly worse in the malignancy group than in the IgM-MGUS group (p = 0.004), and the modified Rankin Scale score at the last visit was higher in the malignancy group than in the IgM-MGUS group (2.0 ± 1.1 [IgM-MGUS], 4.2 ± 1.7 [malignancy], p = 0.001), although there was no significant difference at the initial assessment. Conclusions: The risk of hematological malignancy should be carefully assessed in patients with PN-IgM MG without electrophysiological demyelination features.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2020

말초신경병증의 진단을 위해 MR neurography의 사용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 고대조도와 고해상도로 말초신경을 직접 영상화한 MR 영상을 MR neurography라고 하고, 지방억제 T2 강조영상과 확산강조영상이 흔히 사용되는 시퀀스이다. 작은 직경, 복잡한 해부학적 구조를 가진 말초신경을 합리적 시간 안에 영상화하기 위해서 최신의 isotropic 3차원 기법, 다양한 고속영상기법, post-processing 영상 기법 등이 사용된다. 이런 발전들로 인해 MR neurography가 유용하게 사용되지만 항상 적절한 MR neurography 영상을 얻을 수 있는 것은 아니다. 적절한 MR neurography 영상을 얻기 위해 영상의학과 의사가 고려해야 할 다음의 몇 가지 쟁점들이 있다. 이에는 적절한 표준 프로토콜의 선책, 지방억제 기법의 선택, 해상도와 field of view와 slice thickness 간의 상호 관계의 이해, 적절한 post-processing 영상 기법의 적용, 2차원 영상획득 기법과 3차원 영상획득 기법의 장단점, 근위부 말초신경과 말단부 말초신경의 T2 대조도의 차이, 말초신경에 인접한 정맥이 MR neurography에 미치는 영향, 확산강조영상에서 기하학적 왜곡의 발생과 적절한 b value의 선택 등이다. 이런 쟁점들을 잘 이해하는 것이 경험이 적은 영상의학과 의사가 적절한 MR neurography 영상을 얻고, 말초신경병증을 정확히 평가하는 데 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1491-1496
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• 2009

Stroke is usually associated with the cerebral blood flow of the central nervous system. However, studies concerning the effects of neurologic sysmptoms induced from stroke on the peripheral blood flow has not taken place sufficiently. To ascertain the feasibility of a blood flow meter adopting to use doppler ultrasonogrphy, under the prospect that hemiparesis induced from stroke may have effect on the peripheral blood flow, the peripheral blood flow velocity was observed. The control group made up of healthy people without any factors capable of effecting the peripheral blood flow velocity, and patient group which consist of hemiparetic people induced from stroke, were recruited. Volumes of recruitment are 21 persons in the patient group, and 29 persons in the control group, but the final numbers of people are 17 and 21 respectively because of the inconsistancy in the method of the test. The non-invasive method of Doppler effect of Ultrasound was used to measure the blood flow velocity. The blood flow velocity in the peripheral part of left and right fourth fingers:dorsal branches of proper palmar digital artery to dorsum of distal phalanges, was measured in the control group and patient group through Doppler Ultrasound. In comparison of the control group and the patient group, the systolic blood flow velocity from the peripheral part of the upper extremity was lower in the patient group than that of the control group. According to such results, it is concluded that hemiparesis induces the reduction of the peripheral blood flow velocity in the systolic phase.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2000

Neurofibromatosis type I or Von Recklinghausen's disease can occur at any site in the body. It is characterized by multiple $c\'{a}fe\;\'{a}u\;l\'{a}it$ spots on the skin-more than six spots greater than 1.5cm-, neurofibromas of the peripheral and centarl nervous system, and variety of other dysplastic abnormalities of the skin, bones, endocrine organs, nervous systems, and blood vessels. It is an autosomal dominant trait disease with a frequency of 1 of 3000. Neurofibromatosis is known to be complicated by malignancies. Neurofibromatosis is progressive disease and shows a marked variations in expression in affected individuals. In this report we describe a male patient with neurofibromatosis type I developed in the parapharyngeal space. The patient had huge mass at left parapharyngeal space and inguinal area. We successfully treated the patient with surgery without complication.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.251-266
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• 1997

The results are as follows. 1. Oriental medical terms which express abnormal sensations are Bulin, Mamok, Mamokbulin. 2. Bulin, Oriental medical terminology, was used from Naegyeong's era to the Song Dynasty era and expressed as one of the symptoms in Jungpung(Stroke), Bi syndrome(Obstruction syndrom of Gi and Hyeol), Wi syndrome(Flaccid paralysis of the limbs), Hyeolbi(One of the Bi syndroms). But since the Keum Dynasty era, Mamok or Mamokbulin were more used than Bulin and that was refered as seperated disease. 3. Ma is paresthesia or dysthesia on the skin and the limbs, and the symtoms are not itchy, patients are felt like insect's crawling or bite. Mok is a stubborn symptom , the patients are felt like tree, which don't know pain and itching sensation. And therefore Ma is similar to positive phenomena and Mok is similar to negative phenomena in clinical aspect. 4. Mamok is GiHyeol(Gi is functional activities, Hyeol is blood) and Gyeonglak(Meridian system)'s disease. It's main causes are Giheo(Deficiency of Gi) and Hyeolhel(dificiency of Blood) and inducing tactors are Pung-Han-Seub(pathogenic wind-cold-dump) and Damtak(Phlegm-turbity), Eohyeol(Stagnated blood). 5. Mamok is induced from mononeuritis, multiple mononeuritis, polyneuropathy in the peripheral nervous lesions and also induced from cervical spondylosis, spinal tumour, multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal vascular disease in central nervous systems.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2021

The lack of an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) stems primarily from incomplete understanding of AD's causes. A rapidly growing number of scientific reports highlight important roles played by peripheral infections and intestinal bacterial flora in pathological and physiological functions involving the microbiome-intestine-brain axis. The microbiome controls basic aspects of the central nervous system (CNS), immunity, and behavior, in health and disease. Changes in the density and composition of the microbiome have been linked to disorders of the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, including mood changes, depression, increased susceptibility to stressors, and autistic behaviors. There is no doubt that in patients with AD, restoration of the intestinal microbiome to a composition reminiscent of that found in healthy adult humans will significantly slow the progression of neurodegeneration, by ameliorating inflammatory reactions and/or amyloidogenesis. In the near future, better understanding of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota will allow the development of functional diets using specific probiotic bacteria.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2022

Pain from nervous or musculoskeletal disorders is one of the most common complaints in clinical practice. Corticosteroids have a high pain-reducing effect, and their injection is generally used to control various types of pain. However, they have various adverse effects including flushing, hyperglycemia, allergic reactions, menstrual changes, immunosuppression, and adrenal suppression. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is known to have a pain-reducing effect similar to that of corticosteroid injection, with nearly no major side effects. Therefore, it has been widely used to treat various types of pain, such as neuropathic, joint, discogenic, and muscle pain. In the current review, we outlined the pain-reducing mechanisms of PRF by reviewing previous studies. When PRF was first introduced, it was supposed to reduce pain by long-term depression of pain signaling from the peripheral nerve to the central nervous system. In addition, deactivation of microglia at the level of the spinal dorsal horn, reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, increased endogenous opioid precursor messenger ribonucleic acid, enhancement of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain inhibitory pathways, suppression of excitation of C-afferent fibers, and microscopic damage of nociceptive C- and A-delta fibers have been found to contribute to pain reduction after PRF application. However, the pain-reducing mechanism of PRF has not been clearly and definitely elucidated. Further studies are warranted to clarify the pain-reducing mechanism of PRF.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.43-45
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• 2016

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. Serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because central 5-HT functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. Thus, there have been many trials aimed at increasing the activity of 5-HT in the central nervous system, and some of the developed methods are already used in the clinical setting as anti-obesity drugs. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Fat specific Tph1 knock-out (Tph1 FKO) mice exhibit similar phenotypes as mice with pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis, suggesting the localized effects of 5-HT in adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure in BAT and Htr2a KO mice exhibit the decreased lipid accumulation in WAT. These data suggest the clinical significance of the peripheral serotonergic system as a new therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment.