• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.90-101
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to appraise the influence of conventional periodontal treatment on metabolic control in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, their periodontal change was compared with non-diabetic patients. Before and after treatment, it was performed to measure periodontal and metabolic indices in thirteen type 2 diabetic patients. Periodontal indices included plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. Metabolic indices included glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession showed significant improvements in the statistics. Diabetic patients showed no statistically significant differences in the changes of periodontal indices compared with non-diabetic patients. HbA1c values decreased in five of the thirteen subjects and fasting plasma glucose levels were reduced in four of the seven subjects after periodontal treatment. All five subjects whom HOMA values were calculated in showed the increases of insulin secretions. The results of this study ascertained the possibility of the better glycemic contol after conventional periodontal treatment in Korean type 2 diabetic patients and diabetes were well healed of their periodontal diseases after the treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Purpose : Preservation of the periodontal health of the treated patient requires supportive periodontal therapy for the elimination of periodontal disease. After Phase I therapy is completed, patients are placed on a schedule of periodic recall visits for maintenance care to prevent recurrence of the disease. The amount of tooth loss would be the most relevant criterion in an evaluation of the effect of periodontal treatment, but this would require studies with extremely long follow-up periods. Thus the most commonly used outcome criteria in clinical research have been clinical attachment level change, reduction of pocket depth and bleeding frequency. The purpose of this case study is to identify the effect of supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery. Materials & Methods : Following routine hygienic phase of treatment, patients with chronic periodontitis received surgical periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured at baseline, pre-operation and 1 year follow up. All procedures were performed by one operator. Results : One year a total of 28 patients (58sites) to recheck remained, when conducted maintenance program after periodontal flap surgery was observed reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and improvement of clinical attachment level. Conclusion : The results from this study indicate that supportive periodontal therapy after periodontal flap surgery is effective for reduction of bleeding frequency, pocket depth and gain of clinical attachment level.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of periodontal ligament regeneration when autotransplantation was used by the periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured on the acellular dermal matrix in teeth without a periodontal ligament. One minipig was used in this study. The mandibular and maxillary permanent incisors were ex-tracted for the culture of the periodontal ligament cells. The roots of the unextracted teeth were classified into a positive control group, in which the normal periodontal ligament was preserved. The roots of the extracted teeth were divided into the following two groups: The negative control group, in which the periodontal ligament had been removed and the acellular dermal matrix was not applied; and an experimental group, in which the periodontal ligament had been removed and periodontal ligament fibroblast cultured on an acellular dermal matrix was applied. The prepared teeth were transplanted, and completely submerged using physical barrier membranes. The animal was sacrificed 4 weeks after the autotransplant. The transplanted teeth were examined histologically. In this study, the periodontal ligament was normal in the positive control group, and ankylosis was discovered on the denuded root surface in the negative control group. Periodontal ligament-like connective tissue was found adjacent to the denuded root and the new cementum-like layer of hard tissue was formed in the experimental group. These results suggest that the periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured on the acellular dermal matrix may play a role in regenerating the periodontal ligament-like tissue with new cememtum-like tissue formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.176-187
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• 1996

The ability of fibroblasts attached to teeth is paramount important in reestablishing the lost connective tissue attachment after periodontal therapy. The migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells are desired goal of periodontal regeneration therapy. PDGF is well known to regulate the cell activity of mesenchymal origin cell. Tobacco contains a complex mixture of substance including nicotine, various nitrosamines, trace elements, and variety of poorly characterized substances. Human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were cultured from extracted tooth for non-periodontal reason. Cultured human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells in vitro were treated with PDGF, nicotine in time dependent manner. Cellular activities were determined by MTT assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Nicotine and PDGF, respectively and the effect of PDGF presence of nicotine on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. The results were as follows : 1. In the cell activities of human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were similar or decreased to control value at 1st day. At 2nd day, cellular activities of both group were increased to control value. At 3rd day, cellular activities of both group were returned to the control value. 2. In the cell activities of PDGF on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, cell activities significantly increase from control group on periodontal ligament cells compared to gingival fibroblast group at 3rd day. 3. In the cell activities of PDGF and nicotine combined application on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, it seems likely that the nicotinic effect of gingival fibroblasts were higher than periodontal ligament cells and the PDGF effect of periodontal ligament cells were higher than gingival fibroblasts. This results suggested that PDGF might stimulate the selective growth on periodontal ligament cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.212-216
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and the health status of newborns using Apgar scores. Methods: One hundred pregnant women with periodontal disease were included in the case series and 100 pregnant women without periodontal disease were placed in the control group, respectively. The periodontal parameters of bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), birth weight, and Apgar scores were recorded in both groups. T-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the birth weight odds ratio to analyze the relationship between the periodontal parameters of BOP, CAL, and PD on the one hand and an Apgar score of less than 7. An unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze differences in means between the case and control groups using SPSS ver. 13. Results: The means of the ages, periodontal pocket depths, attachment loss, areas with BOP, Apgar score in the first 5 minutes and infant birth weight exhibited statistically significant differences between the case and control groups. The ratio of an Apgar score of <7 to periodontal disease was 3.14; the ratio of low birth weight risk in mothers with periodontal disease to that in mothers without periodontal disease was 2.74. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between the infant birth weight and BOP, CAL, and PD of the mother. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the Apgar score and BOP, CAL, and PD and also between the Apgar score and infant birth weight. Conclusions: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between periodontal disease and infant birth weight; in addition, there was a significant relationship between the periodontal indexes of BOP, CAL, and PD on the one hand and the Apgar score on the other.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.152-152
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome on the periodontal disease in the Korean adults over 40 years old. Methods: The data were extracted from the Fifth National Health Nutrition Survey 2010. The subjects were adults over 40 years old. The periodontal diseases were examined by direct survey. The questionnaire consisted of the general characteristics of the subjects, oral health behavior, metabolic syndrome, and relation to periodontal diseases. CPI(community periodontal index) was measured. CPI indicates periodontal condition and classified into alveolar arch of the upper jaw and the lower jaw. A periodontal disease is defined as $CPI{\geq}3$(over 4 mm). The variables for metabolic diseases included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity measured as BMI. Results: Diabetes mellitus is closely related to periodontal diseases prevalence. Low level of HDL increase the periodontal diseases. Number of toothbrushung, use of dental floss and interdental toothbrush as for the number of toothbrushing, more than twice toothbrushing a day, and use of dental floss and interdental toothbrush reduced periodontal diseases. Conclusions: The risk factors of periodontal disease in Korean adults over 40 years old were sex, age, residence, monthly income, education level, smoking, diabetes and low HDL cholesterol.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases in adults. Methods: The subjects were 6,762 adults over 19 years old selected from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The study instruments included periodontal status of periodontal diseases, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Periodontal status was evaluated by community periodontal index (CPI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases was higher in male, older aged people, undereducated people, current smokers, and those having poor cognition for toothbrushing (p<0.001). The rate of obesity by BMI and WC was higher in male, older aged people and current smokers. The rate of obesity was lower in well-educated people and good practice of toothbrushing (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontal diseases by BMI showed 0.565 times lower in underweight population, 1.302 times higher in overweight population, and 1.311 times higher in highly obese population than normal population. The prevalence of periodontal diseases by waist circumferences showed 1.404 times higher in obese population than the normal population (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is very important to promote periodontal disease prevention and education for obese population in Korea. The risk of periodontal diseases can be preventable by decrease of BMI and WC.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodontal curet and various rotating instruments on the root surfaces. Thirty-five extracted teeth with advanced periodontal disease were used. They was root planed with periodontal curet, periodontal Perio-Clean bur, periodontal Roto-Perio bur, resin polishing ET bur, and resin polishing diamond fissure bur. To find dentinal tubule orifices on the root surface, tetracycline HCI solution was applied to the one tooth of treated each group. Then, root surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope. Amount of loss of cementum was evaluated by loss of tooth substance index. The results were as follows. 1. Groups treated with periodontal curet and Perio-Clean bur showed irregular surface and concavities. Concavities seemed to be lacunae of cementocyte. Other groups treated with Roto-Perio bur, resin polishing ET bur, and resin polishing diamond fissure bur showed partially opened dentinal tubule orifice. 2. Groups treated with periodontal curet and Perio-Clean bur and tetracycline HCl showed irregular surface. No dentinal tubule orifice was seen. Other groups treated with Roto-Perio bur, resin polishing ET bur, and resin polishing diamond fissure bur and tetracycline HCl showed dentinal tubule orifice with various shape and size. 3. Loss of tooth substance indices were compared between groups. There was no statistically difference between periodontal curet and Perio-Clean bur groups. There were statistically differences between periodontal curet and Roto-Perio bur, ET bur, and diamond fissure bur groups. As a result of this study, groups treated with Roto-Perio bur, resin polishing ET bur, and resin polishing diamond fissure bur showed more cementum removed than groups treated with periodontal curet and Perio-Clean bur. Therefore, in a conventional treatment for periodontal disease, it was recommended that periodontal curet or Perio-Clean bur should be used. In a treatment for regeneration of periodontal tissue, it was recommended that Roto-Perio bur, resin polishing ET bur, or resin polishing diamond fissure bur should be used

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.522-533
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• 2009

Purpose: Infection with HIV-1 virus has become a critical worldwide public health problem. The oral complications of HIV infection with its progression of impairment of the host response to combat infection present unique challenges to the periodontists. Material and Methods : Medline research was carried out to find relationship of the progression of HIV infection to the occurrence of oral lesions including the HIV-related periodontal diseases. Results: The linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and oral candidiasis are common lesions in HIV-infected individuals. The linear gingival erythema and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis lesions in HIV-infected subjects were found to have a similar microbiological profile. There are several general considerations in the periodontal management of the HIV-infected patient with or without periodontal disease. The altered immunity and host response in patients with HIV infection may also affect the incidence and severity of other common forms of periodontal disease not associated with HIV infection. Conclusion: Periodontal diseases in HIV-infected individuals present unique challenges in diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and maintenance. Therefore exact HIV staging, geographic location, antiviral and antimicrobial therapies and oral habits should be taken into consideration when treating HIV-infected patients.