• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2007

Perilla rust is a damaging disease in perilla cultivation in Korea. Its causal agent was identified as Coleosporium plectranthi based on descriptions of morphological characteristics of spores and spore-producing fruiting structures(in uredinial and telial stages from perilla and in aecial stage from the alternate host pine) collected in 15 locations in Korea during the disease survey from 2004 to 2006. These characteristics were yellow or orange uredinium; globose or ellipsoid urediniospore of $20.8{\mu}m{\times}18{\mu}m$ in size; verruca of $0.3mm{\times}1.2mm$; orange telium; one-celled, oblong ellipsoid teliospore of $63.1{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$ with one-layered crusts or four-celled(when mature), internal basidium of $64.2{\mu}m{\times}19.7{\mu}m$; ellipsoid to globoid basidiospore of $20.3{\mu}m{\times}12{\mu}m$; type 2 spermogonium; yellow, broadly ellipsoid peridial cell of $35.6{\mu}m{\times}23.1{\mu}m$; and broadly ellipsoidal or subglobose aeciospore of $25.9{\mu}m{\times}18.8{\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequences revealed the closest relatedness to those of the genus Coleosporium, a monophyletic group distinguished from other rust fungi and divided into two main lineages, one of which was C. plectranthi grouped with high bootstrap value(96%). In pathogenicity test, both aeciospores and urediniospores caused rust development on perilla leaves. This is the first description of C. plectranthi causing perilla rust with the first findings of its telial stage on perilla and the first rust disease on the aecial host in Pinus densiflora. These aspects would provide basic information for the development of control measures of the disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the variations in 196 local perilla collected in southern part of Korea and to provide basic informations which can be utilize in perilla breeding programs. The results obtained were gummarized as the follows. Maturing period was widely distributed from 104 to 136 days. The maturing periods of most collections were 111 to 130 days(96%). and that Four percent of collections showed maturing period of below 110 days and above 131 days. Three varieties below 111 days of maturing period were selected among local perilla collected from Jeonnam(Naju and Boseong) and Jeonbuk(Gochang). Stem length was ranged from 71 to 157 cm. The stem length of 111 to 130 cm, under 90 cm, and above 151 cm were 41％,, 7％, and 4％, respectively. Seven varieties with long stem were selected among local perilla collected in Jeonnam(include Damyang collection). The number of cluster per plant was distributed 52 to 291. The distribution of cluster numbers were 100 to 180, under 100, and above 221 was 57％, 13% , and 13%, respectively. The number of seed capsules was distributed 23 to 56 and the collections ranged from at of 26 to 45 was 49.5％. Seed cluster length was distributed from 6 to 20 cm and that ranged from 8 to 14 cm was 62.8%.1,000 grain weight ranged from 2.4 to 5.7 g. The distribution of 1,000 grain weight is 3.1 to 4.0 g,4.1 to 5.0 g, and below 2.9 g was 66.8%, 12.8%, and 19.4%, respectively. The 1,000 grain weight above 5.1 g(1.0%) was selected among local perilla collected in Jeonbuk(Namwon) and Gyeongnam(Changnyeong).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1993

Korean local collected strains of perilla were analyzed on their protein and amino-acid contents in the seed. The strains analyzed were 80 of which grown in the experimental field of Crop Experiment Station at Suwon in 1991. This experiment was performed to obtain the basic informations on the varietal differences of protein and amino-acid contents and further applied in the breeding project for quality improvement of perilla. The seed protein contents of 80 perilla varieties ranged from 17.9% to 24.6% and the average content was 24.6%. There were no differences in protein contents according to the maturity and 1,000 seed weight, but differed by the seed coat color showing 1.4% higher content in light gray than that of drak brown, which may suggest that the seed coat color could be used as a marker gene for breeding high protein varieties. While the total essential amino-acid contents of collected perilla ranged from 36.41% to 44.85%, the mean of 40.55%, the non-essential amino-acid contents was 47.23%～60.01% with the mean of 55.29%. Moreover, there was high positive correlation between the essential amino-acid contents and seed coat color. The essential amino-acids of perilla has an exceptionally high content of arginine, leucine, but methionine indeed being almost marginal. Of the essential amino-acids, lysine, methionine and valine were contained higher compared with the FAO recommendation level.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.218-221
• /
• 2010

'Anyu', a perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) cultivar for edible seed was developed by the Department of Functional Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. It was originated from the cross between a pedigree of YCPL1824 as a female and SF9225-3-1 as a male parent in 1998. 'Anyu' can be characterized by purple flower color and brown grain color. 'Anyu' showed semi-dwarft type with 120 cm height, and has lodging tolerance. Maturing date of 'Anyu' was September 24, which is 15 days faster than that of 'Saeyeopsil'. The early maturity of this new cultivar showed a great advantage to various planting system with other crops. This new cultivar has high oil content (45%) and high linolenic acid in the fatty acid composition. The yield potential of 'Anyu' was about 0.9 ton/1ha in the regional yield trial.

• Genes and Genomics
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.1319-1329
• /
• 2018

SSRs were successfully isolated from the Perilla crop in our current study, and used to analyze Perilla accessions from East Asia. Analyses of the clear genetic diversity and relationship for Perilla crop still remain insufficient. In this study, 40 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed from RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the diversity, relationships, and population structure among 35 accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types. A total of 220 alleles were identified at all loci, with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus and a range between 2 and 10 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.229 to 0.943, with an average of 0.466. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.603, ranging from 0.102 to 0.837. The genetic diversity (GD) ranged from 0.108 to 0.854, with an average of 0.654. Based on population structure analysis, all accessions were divided into three groups: Group I, Group II and the admixed group. This study demonstrated the utility of new SSR analysis for the study of genetic diversity and population structure among 35 Perilla accessions. The GD of each locus for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, cultivated var. crispa, and weedy var. crispa were 0.415, 0.606, 0.308, and 0.480, respectively. Both weedy accessions exhibited higher GD and PIC values than their cultivated types in East Asia. The new SSR primers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential genetic markers for population genetics to enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure of the cultivated and weedy types of P. frutescens in East Asia. In addition, new Perilla SSR primers developed from RNA-seq can be used in the future for cultivar identification, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, genome mapping and tagging of important genes/QTLs for Perilla breeding programs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.762-772
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity using SSR marker and investigate the fatty acid composition of perilla (P. frutescens var. frutescens) germplasm. Genetic diversity among 95 accessions, which consisted of 29 weedy types and 66 landrace accessions, was evaluated based on 12 SSR markers carrying 91 alleles. The mean values of observed ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosities ($H_E$) were 0.574 and 0.640, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based phylogeny grouped into two distinct groups, which were the landrace, moderate and weedy type, genetic distance (GD) value was 0.609. The physicochemical traits about crude oil contents and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using GC. Among tested germplasm, the total average oil contents (%) showed a range from 28.57 to 49.67 %. Five fatty acids and their contents in the crude oils are as follows: ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (41.12%-51.81%), linoleic acid (15.38%-16.43%), oleic acid (18.93%-27.28%), stearic acid (2.56%-4.01%), and palmitic acid (7.38%-10.77%). The average oil content of wild types was lower than landrace, and the oil content of middle genotype accessions was higher than other germplasm, but no significant variation between landrace and wild types was shown. Nevertheless, IT117174, landrace of Korea, was highest in crude oil content (47.11%) and linolenic acid composition (64.58%) among the used germplasm. These traits of the selected accessions will be helped for new functional plant breeding in perilla crop.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2021

Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Pfc), a herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), has been used for medicinal and aromatic purposes. In the present study, we analyzed the variation in the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from five different genotypes of Pfc collected from different regions. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), we identified three groups: PA type containing perillaldehyde, PP type containing dillapiole, and 2-acetylfuran type. To assess the correlation between EO components and antimicrobial activities, we compared classification results generated by PCA and HCA based on antimicrobial activity values. The findings suggested that the major compounds obtained from EOs of Pfc are responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Chemotypes of Pfc plants are essentially qualitative traits that are important for breeders. The present findings provide potential information for breeding Pfc as an antimicrobial agent.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.404-412
• /
• 2018

The influenza neuraminidase (NA, E.C. 3.2.1.18), an antiviral, has been the target of high pharmaceutical companies due to its essential role in viral replication cycle. Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for various diseases, such as cold due to wind-cold, headache and cough. In this context, four major polyphenolic compounds including rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside (1), rosmarinic acid (2), luteolin (3), and apigenin (4) isolated from P. frutescens were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on recombinant virus H1N1 neuraminidase (rvH1N1 NA). Among the test compounds, rosmarinic acid and luteolin inhibited the rvH1N1 NA with an $IC_{50}$ of 46.7 and $8.4{\mu}M$, respectively. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by the Dixon plots indicated that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were noncompetitive inhibitors and that the inhibition constant, $K_I$, was established as 43.9 and $14.3{\mu}M$, respectively. In addition, 578 genetically diverse accessions and 39 cultivars of P. frutescens were analyzed using HPLC to characterize the diversity of polyphenolic composition and concentration. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant difference (P < 0.05), especially rosmarinic acid which was detected as the predominant metabolite in all accessions (58.8%) and cultivars (62.8%). Yeupsil and Sangback cultivars exhibited the highest rosmarinic acid ($3,393.5{\mu}g/g$) and luteolin ($383.3{\mu}g/g$) content respectively. YCPL177-2 with the high concentration ($889.8{\mu}g/g$) of luteolin may be used as a genetic resource for breeding elite cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.707-710
• /
• 2010

A new perilla cultivar, 'Bomnaeyeop 1 ho' was developed by, Kangwon National University in 2008. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2006 to 2008 under optimal condition of cultivation. 'Bomnaeyeop 1 ho' can be characterized by dark green leaf color and tall plant height. This cultivar has more number of flower cluster and ear per cluster compare to 'Saeyeupsil' control. From result of GC/MS analysis, main compounds consist of perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene and myristicin in 'Bomnaeyeop 1 ho' cultivar.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2019

Screening and identification of genetic resources based on their phytoconstituents and morphological characters potentially provide baseline data for researchers, breeders, and nutraceutical companies who wish to formulate a nutrient-dense diet and health beneficial supplement. Thus, we evaluated the amount of total phenolic content and major phenolic compounds; examined if phenolic compounds could be used as distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources; and investigated the relation between some quantitative and qualitative morphological characters with the contents of phenolic compounds in 360 accessions obtained from National Agrobiodiversity Center gene bank, Jeonju, Korea. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Individual phenolic compounds were determined using an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with Photodiode Array detector. Considerable variations were observed in TPC (7.99 to 117.47 mg GAE/g DE), rosmarinic acid (RA) (ND to 19.19 mg/g DE), caffeic acid (CA) (ND to 0.72 mg/g DE), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (ADG) (ND to 1.24 mg luteolin equivalent (LUE)/g DE), scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide (SG) (ND to 4.32 mg LUE/g DE), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (AG) (ND to 1.60 mg LUE/g DE). RA was the most dominant phenolic compound in most accessions (95.3%) followed by SG. The adaxial leaf color was light green, green and dark green in 13.8%, 65.0%, and 21.1 % of the accessions, respectively. 78.8% of the accessions had light green color at the abaxial side with the remaining being described as green. Most of the accessions (96.9%) were cordate shape, the remaining being eclipse. Intensities of green pigment at abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were correlated with contents of individual phenolic compounds and TPC whereas leaf length and width had no correlation with TPC, CA and RA, and negatively correlated with ADG, AG, and SG. Leaf shape was not related with content of phenolic compounds, color of leaves, or the length or width of leaves. Accessions IT57426, IT157434, IT267710, and IT267712 which contained relatively high contents of TPC and major phenolic compounds (RA and SG) could be used for further research in breeding and bioassay test. Our study result showed the contents of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds along with the morphological characters could be useful distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources.