• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.143
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• pp.67-86
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to critically investigate John McDowell's naturalism, and propose an alternative direction of inquiry in order for his naturalism to have a more explanatory cogency. McDowell's main project is to settle a philosophical anxiety that has made traditional philosophy waver between mind and world. If one stands on the world side, he would appeal to "the unintelligible given," and on the other hand, if one stands on the mind side, he would fall into anarchistic relativism. In order to relieve the traditional philosophical anxiety, what McDowell has in mind is to reintroduce an empiricistic intuition into a pragmatic conceptual setting. Although McDowell is successful in that it could avoid methodological difficulties with which traditional philosophy has faced, his discussion seems to give rise to a charge of "the Myth of the Given," presenting perceptual judgement as a model of judgement. I propose that McDowell has yet to account for the relation between perceptual and abstract judgements in a more cogent way, which has been far better explained by the experientialist account of the nature and the structure of the embodied experience.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate adequate levels of utterances which can give essential as well as useful information about the patients' voice, by examining the degrees of correlation between the levels of utterances (vowels, words, and phrase paragraph reading) and the entire utterance including all of the levels. For this purpose, a total of 10 individual utterance samples (5 vowels, 3 words, 1 phrase, 1 paragraph reading) were collected from each of the 30 subjects with voice disorder patients, and four experienced voice therapists evaluated them using GRBAS. The results showed that four therapists highly agreed upon on 'G' parameter. The coefficient of the correlation between each level of utterance and entire utterance tended to be above 0.70. Judgements of the vowel /$\varepsilon$/ as well as /o/ highly correlated with the judgement of the entire utterance. Regardless of severity, the judgement of the entire utterance highly correlated with the judgements of the vowel /u/ and the paragraph reading. These results suggest that experienced voice therapists can precisely evaluate patients' voice quality with only one sustained vowel in the clinic field, as is done with the entire utterance evaluation.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2000

Speech evaluation and treatment planning for the patients with articulation disorders have traditionally been based on perceptual judgement by speech pathologists. Recently, various computerized speech analysis systems have been developed and commonly used in clinical settings to obtain the objective and quantitative data and specific treatment strategies. 10 dysarthric children (6 neurogenic and 4 functional dysarthria) participated in this experiment. Speech evaluation of dysarthria was performed in two ways; first, the acoustic analysis by Visi-Pitch and a Computerized Speech Lab and second, the perceptual scoring of phonetic errors rates in 100 word test. The results of the initial evaluation served as primary guidlines for the indivisualized treatment planning of each patient's speech problems. After mean treatment period of 5 months, the follow-up data of both dysarthric groups showed increased maximum phonation time, increased alternative motion rate and decreased occurrence of articulatory deviation. The changes of acoustic data and therapeutic effects were more prominent in children with dysarthria due to neurologic causes than with functional dysarthria. Three cases including their pre- and post treatment data were illustrated in detail.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of the parameter CPP (cepstral peak prominence) and LTAS (long term average spectrum) band energy for an analysis of breathy voice with vocal fold paralysis. Thirty-four female subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to the perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n = 21) and non-breathy voice group (n = 13). Maximum sustained phonation task was measured for acoustic analysis. CPP-related (i.e. mean F0, mean CPP, and mean CPPs) and LTAS-related (i.e. minimum, maximum, and mean) parameters were used. Independent samples t-test was conducted. Regarding CPP, there are significant differences in mean CPP and mean CPPs between groups. The values of mean CPP and CPPs in the non-breathy voice group are higher than those in the breathy voice group. The CPP could be regarded as the useful parameter for breathy voice analysis in the clinic. When it comes to LTAS, energy from 0 to 2 kHz are significantly different between groups. The minimum value of non-breathy group is lower than that of breathy group, whereas the maximum value of non-breathy group is higher. The frequency band below 2 kHz seems to be related to breathy voice.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.23-40
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• 1996

The communicative disorders in cleft palate patients have relationship with the acoustic and He physiological phenomena. Particularily hypernasality is a parameter of cleft palate speech that has been studied by many clinicians and speech pathologists. The degree of hypernasality has been assessed by the listener,s judgement, but perceptual assessements have poor scientific reliability, so objective instruments have been needed to test hypernasality with diagnostics accuracy. This study was analyzed the nasalance score using a Nasometer for cleft palate patients. The simple vowels /a/, /i/, /e/ and the approximants /j/, /w/ were tested for the degree of hypernasality after operation. The phrases containing long and short duration times were used in this study to asses hypeernasality. Fiberopic views shows the open velopharyngeal port that resulted in hypernasality of cleft palate patients. The authors assert the important of the management of cleft palate patients.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

The perceptual judgement of nasality is still used in the assessment of velopharyngeal incompetence, but it should not be the sole criterion for speech nasality. Objective procedures may be used to assess velopharyngeal function, for example, nasometer, aerodynamics, x-ray, electromyography, nasoendoscopy, and videofluoroscopy can be utilized. The nasometer employs noninvasive measurement methods and measures with high levels of accuracy. The aim of this study was to obtain comprehensive nasalance data for Korean children, aged 7 years, and to investigate any gender differences within that age group. The results were as follow: 1. Statistically, gender has no significant effect on the nasalance of vowels /a/, /i/, /o/, /u/, /je/, /wi/) but the nasalance of the vowels /e/, /ja/) was higher in males (p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant effect of gender in plosives /p/, /ph/, /p'/, /t/, /th/, /t'/, /k/, /kh/, /k'/), affricatives /c/, /ch/, /c'/), and fricatives /s/, /s'/, /$\int$/). 3. The nasalance of the nasal consonants, /m/, /n/, /an/) is higher in males and only /n/, /an/ were statistically significant (p<0.05).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 2015

We live in the era of unlimited design competition. As the importance of design is increasing in all areas including marketing, each country does its best effort on design development. However, the preparation on protecting interior design rights by intellectual property laws(IPLs) has not been enough even though they occupy an important place in the design field. It is not quite easy to make a judgement on the similarity between two images having a single common factor because the factors which are composed of interior design have complicated interactive relations between them. From the IPLs point of view, designs with the similar overall appearance are decided to be similar. Objective evaluation criteria not only for designers but also for design examiners and judges are required in order to protect interior design by the IPLs. The objective of this study is the analysis of the possibility that a computer algorithm method can be useful to decide the similarity of interior design images. According to this study, it is realized that the Img2 which is one of content-based image retrieval computer programs can be utilized to measure the degree of the similarity. The simulation results of three descriptors(CEDD, FCTH, JCD) in the Img2 showed the high degree of similar patterns compared with the results of perceptual judgment by observers. In particular, it was verified that the Img2 has high availability on interior design images with a high score of similarity below 60 which are perceptually judged by observers.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study were (1) to assess differences in tongue performances and speech intelligibility between normal and dysarthric speakers; and (2) to analyze the possible interrelationships between tongue strength, range of motion, and speech intelligibility in dysarthric patients. In order to measure maximum strength of anterior and lateral tongue strength, a force transducer has been designed. And a ruler was used for guaging range of motion. 'Word intelligibility test' was administered to each group. The results were analyzed by a quantitative statistical method(t test, Pearson product- moment correlation, and one-way ANOVA). The results were as follows; (1) dysarthric speakers showed significantly poorer performance than the normal in the tongue strength, range of motion, and speech intelligibility tasks; (2) the correlation between speech intelligibility and instrumental tongue performance was high in the dysarthric group; and (3) instrumental assessment was coincide with perceptual judgement of dysarthric tongue performance. The present investigation demonstrated that tongue weakness is causally related to articulation deficits in dysarthric. The clinical use of the force transducer would help a speech pathologist to quantify the degree of tongue weakness.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2000

Assessment of speech nasality provides important information for the treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence. The perceptual judgement of nasality is still used in assessment of velopharyngeal incompetence, but it should not be the sole criterion for speech nasality. Objective procedures may be used to assess velopharyngeal function, in examples nasometer, aerodynamics, x-ray, electromyography, nasoendoscopy and videofluoroscopy etc, The aim of this study was to obtain comprehensive nasalance data for the Korean children, aged 7 years and to investigate any tonsil differences within that age group. The results were as follow: The nasalance of the children in respect of the tonsil was higher in grade III than grade I in vowels (/i/, /u/, /wi/), plosives (/p'/, /t'/, /k'/), affricatives (/c'/) and fricatives (/s/, /∫/). (p<0.05)

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

With the rapid development of display technology as well as the diversity of display, image quality assessment plays an important role in display color reproduction. The image quality has described by objective evaluation based on the physical measured data, such as contrast ratio, color reproduction range, color temperature, and gamma characteristics, etc., however, the final judgement is achieved by perceptual quality assessment of observers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between physical performance of display and perceptual image quality. Thus, in order to evaluate objectively the color reproduction characteristics of two mobile displays, TFT-LCD and AMOLED, we measured the darkroom contrast ratio of full screen, luminance and color temperature of full-screen white, full-screen gray and color linearity, tone reproduction of color scales for each RGB primary, and color reproduction range. Then the pair-wise comparison is implemented for image experts and naive observers not only to judge their preference on principal evaluation attributes but also to subjectively describe perceived image quality. Through two evaluation processes, we derived the objective bases that can prove the results of subjective image quality assessment by interconnecting physical factors that have influence on observers' preference judgements. Finally, this paper provided important information for improving the image quality and increasing preference from an observer's point of view.