• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2000

In this paper, we implement an elementary system to correct accent, pronunciation, and intonation in English spoken by non-native English speakers. In case of the accent evaluation, energy and pitch information are used to find stressed syllables, and then we extract the segment information of input patterns using a dynamic time warping method to discriminate and evaluate accent position. For the pronunciation evaluation. we utilize the segment information using the same algorithm as in accent evaluation and calculate the spectral distance measure for each phoneme between input and reference. For the intonation evaluation. we propose nine pattern of slope to estimate pitch contour, then we grade test sentences by accumulated error obtained by the distance measure and estimated slope. Our result shows that 98 percent of accent and 71 percent of pronunciation evaluation agree with perceptual measure. As the result of the intonation evaluation. system represent the similar order of grade for the four sentences having different intonation patterns compared with perceptual evaluation.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

주관적 음성평가는 음향분석기기를 이용한 객관적 음성 평가와 함께 음성분석에 유용하고 의미있는 평가방법이며 현재 알려진 검시법정 중에서 GRBAS 음성평가, VHI, patient self-perceptual voice rating이 가장 널리 사용되고 있고 인정받는 방법이다. 주관적 음성평가는 음성의 상태를 모두 대변할 수은 없으며 객관적인 음성평가에 대한 보완적인 의미를 가진다. 현재 개발되어 있는 주관적 음성평가 방법들이 유용한 평가도구이긴 하지만 나름대로의 문제점과 제한점을 가지고 있기 때문에 이에 대한 개선과 보완을 위한 지속적인 연구와 개발이 요구된다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in speakers with voice disorders. Subjective evaluation indicates the self-reports of voice problems by dysphonic speakers. The relating protocol is the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the self-awareness index of voice problems (SAIVP-14). A total of 48 individuals with voice disorders replied to the questionnaire and participated in a voice assessment. Objective evaluations included the perceptual judgement of G grade in GRBAS, acoustic measurements (jitter, shimmer, NHR) by MDVP (CSL 4400), and aerodynamic measurements (MPT, MFR, psub) by PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamic System, KayPentax, USA). Pearson and Spearman correlations were used for the analysis. In the correlation with perceptual judgement (G grade) and VHI-Total, VHI-Physical, and SAIVP-14, there was a significant correlation, but the overall correlation was poor. NHR, jitter, and shimmer were significantly correlated with overall VHI and SAIVP-14. Specifically, the correlation with shimmer was stronger compared to the other measurements. In aerodynamic measures, MFR and MPT showed a significant correlation with VHI-Total, VHI-Emotional, and SAIVP-14, but their correlation was poor. The results of this study suggested that subjective evaluation of self voice problems is meaningfully correlated with objective evaluations, but more data in the multidimensional voice assessment should be collected and analyzed for the reliability and validity of the voice handicap questionnaire.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2009

This study conducted an evaluation of the streetscape improvement project of the Gwangbok Street through analysis of visual and perceptual characteristics by comparing selected pictures of streetscape before and after the project. This work has conducted an analysis of the environmental factors which influence subjects' satisfaction degrees including physical street equipments and street view factors which are main contents of this project. Using a satisfaction analysis and factor analysis, each factor's significance was verified quantitatively. As a result of the analysis, physical components of the streetscape were classified into 4 types according to project's effectiveness and improvement priorities. These 4 types include (1) Components for maintenance because of higher satisfaction and higher importance, (2) Components for improvement because of lower satisfaction and higher importance, (3) Components for good business fruits because of higher satisfaction and lower importance, and (4) Components for unnecessity because of lower satisfaction and lower importance.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

In model-based tracking, an accurate 3D model of a target object or scene is mostly assumed to be known or given in advance, but the accuracy of the model should be guaranteed for accurate pose estimation. In many application domains, on the other hand, end users are not highly distracted by tracking errors from certain levels of modeling errors. In this paper, we examine perceptual tracking errors, which are predominantly caused by modeling errors, on subjective evaluation and compare them to computational tracking errors. We also discuss the tolerance of modeling errors by analyzing their permissible ranges.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

This study was to investigate for comparison between single rating and average ratings from multiple presentations of the same stimulus for measuring the voice quality of dysphonia using 7-point equal-appearing interval (EAI) rating scale. Overall severity of voice quality for 46 /a/ vowel stimuli (23 stimuli from dysphonia, 23 stimuli from control) was rated by 3 experienced speech-language pathologists (averaged 19 years; range = 7 to 40 years). For average ratings, each stimulus was rated five times in random order and averaged from two to five times. Although higher inter-rater reliability was found in average ratings than in single rating, there were no significant differences in rating scores between single and multiple average ratings judged by experienced listeners, suggesting that auditory perceptual ratings judged by well-trained listeners have relatively good agreement with the same stimulus across the judgment. Larger variations in perceptual ratings were observed for moderate voices than for mild or severe voices, even in the average ratings.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 북한이탈주민집단과 한국인집단의 운율특성을 비교하기 위하여 읽기과제(짧은글, 대화글)에서 3가지 문장 유형(평서문, 의문문, 부정문)에 따른 집단 간 음도범위와 청지각적 평가 결과의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 또한, 북한이탈주민집단의 읽기과제의 3가지 문장 유형('평서문', '의문문', '부정문')의 청지각적 평가 결과와 북한이탈주민집단의 억양 자기평가 설문지의 4가지 하위유형('한국어지향도', '핸디캡정도', '한국어비유사성', '억양불만족정도')과의 상관을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 북한이탈주민집단 총 15명(여 11, 남 4)과 한국인집단 총 15명(여 11, 남 4)이다. 음향학적 평가에서 집단 간 읽기과제의 문장유형에 따른 차이를 확인하기 위해 삼원분산분석(three-way mixed ANOVA), 다변량분석(multivariate analysis)을 실시하였고, 청지각적 측면에 대한 분석방법으로는 비모수통계인 Mann-Whitney U Test를 사용하였다. 북한이탈주민의 억양자기평가 설문지의 하위유형 4개와 청지각적 평가의 하위유형 6가지('짧은글평서문', '짧은글의문문', '짧은글부정문', '대화글평서문', '대화글의문문', '대화글부정문')의 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 피어슨의 적률상관계수(Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient)를 산출하였다. 그 결과, 읽기과제의 모든 문장유형에서 북한이탈주민집단보다 한국인집단의 음도범위가 유의미하게 컸다. 두 번째로 집단 간 읽기과제에서 3가지 문장유형에 따른 청지각적 평가 결과, 모든 문장 유형에서 한국인집단에 비해 북한이탈주민집단의 청지각적 평가 점수가 유의미하게 낮았으며, '의문문'유형에서 점수가 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 북한이탈주민집단의 읽기과제의 3가지 문장 유형의 청지각적 평가 결과와 억양자기평가 설문지의 하위유형간의 상관을 살펴본 결과, 설문지의 4가지 하위유형 중 '한국어지향도', '핸디캡정도', '한국어비유사성'과 3가지 문장 유형 중 '의문문'에서 유의한 상관이 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해, 북한이탈주민집단과 한국인집단의 읽기과제에서의 문장유형에 따른 음성이 청지각적으로, 음향학적으로 차이를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 한국어를 지향하고, 자신의 억양으로 인한 핸디캡이 높고, 자신의 억양이 한국어와 다르다고 생각하는 북한이탈주민일수록, '의문문'에서 가장 서울말에 가깝게 말하는 것으로 평가되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.335-351
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a usability test for CPAD (Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving) and improve it based on the test results. Background: The cognitive perceptual assessment for driving is a computer-based assessment tool to assess the driving capacity of people with brain-damages. It may be a good tool for evaluating the brain-damaged drivers' safe driving capabilities and screening cognitive and perceptual deficits related to driving. We performed a usability test to improve the CPAD based on the result. Method: Both the software consisting of 8 sub-tests (depth perception, sustained attention, divided attention, stroop test, field dependency, digit span, trail making A, trail making B) and the hardware including the input and output devices ( joystick, mouse, keyboard, touch screen) were evaluated through user interviews. Also we identified the problems and issues in using them by observing the participants performing the CPAD tasks. Results: Based on the results, the task instructions were visually and auditorily improved and more practice examples were added to help the users understand the instructions better and increase the input accuracy, a response time window was added and the joystick and touch screen were simplified, which made it easier for the user to perform the CAPD tasks. Conclusion: User discomforts were minimized by improving the task environment, unless it had affected the evaluation criteria. Application: We plan to distribute the improved version of the CPAD to the regional rehabilitation hospitals, and the driving support centers for people with disabilities throughout the country, so it could be used as an evaluation tool for disabled drivers' cognitive and perceptual functions.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate a signal typing on the basis of visual impression of distinctive spectrogram. Pathological voices are classified into signal type 1, 2, 3, or 4 to estimate perturbation parameters and to mark perceptual rating based on Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V). The results suggest that perturbation analysis can be applied to only type 1 and 2 signals and the perceptual ratings of overall grade increase with each signal type, overall. A good inter-rater reliability is showed among three raters. We recommend that pathological voices should be marked the signal typing and CAPE-V, together, to definitely describe the characteristics of pathological voices.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the perceptual and aerodynamic characteristics and the relation between vocal efficiency and the severity of strained voice. of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : 13 female patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia were examined and compared with 10 normal female control group. MPT, MFR, Psub, Sound Intensity, VE(vocal efficiency) were obtained using PAS(Phonatory Aerodynamic System). GRBA(S) scale was used for Perceptual evaluation. Results : Psub(subglottic pressure) of SD was significantly higher than normal group. MPT, MFR, Sound Intensity, VE were not significantly different between two groups. Correlation between VE and 'S'(strained) was not significant. Conclusion : The results of this study show that certain aerodynamic parameters(Psub) distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.