• 아동학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.225-242
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• 1999

The psychometric properties of a preliminary version of the Friendship Quality Scale(FQS) were examined with data collected from 300 3rd and 5th grade children. Scores on the Self-Perception Scale were obtained to examine convergent validity. The FQS assesses friendship quality in 9 sub-scales, inclusive of 6 friendship functions. Factor analysis confirmed the 9 sudscale structure of the FQS for 5th graders, but 4 friendship functions instead of 6 were a better fit for 3rd graders. Except for one, the sub-scales showed relatively high internal consistency ; Cronbach ${\alpha}$ ranged from .70 to .93. Convergent validity was indicated by correlations between self-perception and sex differences in friendship functions. Friendship functions and satisfaction were related to self-perceptions in social acceptance, behavior, and global self-worth. Girls reported higher friendship functions and satisfaction in friendship than boys.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.91-113
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop the Resilience Scale for Children(RSC) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. The RSC was administered to 482 children in grades 4 through 6. Factor analysis of the 30 item scale demonstrated Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$ for internal consistency of total items. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure. Retest stability was acceptable for the five-factors. Tests of the present scale for criterion-related validity compared favorably with Self-Perception Profile for Children (Lee, et al., 1992) and the Stress Coping Behavior Scale for Children (Kim and Kang, 2003) confirming its applicability to elementary school students for assessment of resilience.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1270-1284
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• 2012

This article examines how individual differences on the need for cognitive closure and demographics influence consumer perception and the usage of consumer reviews in online shopping. Data were randomly collected from 2,381 U.S. online consumer review users through an online survey. The findings from multiple regression analyses revealed the different effects of the need for cognitive closure dimensions (i.e., preference for order and structure, preference for predictability, discomfort with ambiguity, closed-mindedness, and decisiveness) and demographic characteristics on consumer attitudes, perceived online review influence, benefits, persuasiveness, and review usage behavior. Finally, practical implications and prospects for future research are discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2020

Social media has emerged as a major hub of engagement between brands and consumers in recent years, and allows user-generated content to serve as a powerful means of encouraging communication between the sides. However, it is challenging to negotiate user-generated content owing to its lack of structure and the enormous amount generated. This study focuses on the hashtag, a metadata tag that reflects customers' brand perception through social media platforms. Online users share their knowledge and impressions using a wide variety of hashtags. We examine hashtags that co-occur with particular branded hashtags on the social media platform, Instagram, to derive insights about brand perception. We apply text mining technology and network analysis to identify the perceptions of brand images among consumers on the site, where this helps distinguish among the diverse personalities of the brands. This study contributes to highlighting the value of hashtags in constructing brand personality in the context of online marketing.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-179
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• 2017

우리 사회에서는 언론이나 젊은 세대를 중심으로"금수저-흙수저"로 구분되는 수저계급론이 크게 부각되고 있으며, 이를 통해 계층적 신분구조가 고착화되고 있다는 대중적 담론이 널리 확산되고 있다. 2000년대 말 이후 객관적인 소득분배구조의 일정한 개선이 이뤄짐에도 불구하고 국민들의 주관적 인식에 있어 오히려 계층이동/세습이나 사회공정성에 대해 부정적인 여론이 날로 확대되고 있다는 점이 주목된다. "기회불평등의 인식조사" 자료를 활용한 실증분석을 통해 사회경제적 기회불공평, 기회불평등의 심각성 그리고 노력성취에 대한 주관적 인식에 있어서 전반적으로 부정적 평가가 내려지고 있으며, 특히 주관적인 계층지위에 따라 그 부정적 평가의 정도가 높게 나타나고 있다. 사회경제적 성취기회 불공평, 기회불평등 심각성 그리고 노력성취의 주관적 인식에 대한 회귀분석을 통해서는 부모세대와 본인세대의 계층지위(-), 차별 불이익 경험(+), 연령(-), 대학 대학원의 고학력(+)이 일관되게 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 부연하면, 15세 성장기(부모세대)와 조사시점의 주관적 계층지위가 낮을수록, 차별 불이익의 경험을 가질수록, 젊은 연령층일수록, 그리고 대학 이상의 고학력자일수록 우리 사회의 기회불평등에 대해 부정적이거나 비관적인 인식태도를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 아울러, 사회경제적 성취기회의 불공평과 기회불평등의 심각성에 대해서는 실업자 및 비정규직 또는 비경제활동이 높은 부정적 인식태도와 유의한 상관관계를 보이고 있으며, 기회불평등의 심각성과 노력성취에 대해 중위소득 가구 및 상위소득 가구가 부정적인 인식태도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-148
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• 2001

Focus and information structure are closely related with the distribution of pitch accents. A focused word conveys new information and bears a pitch accent. A content word can usually get a pitch accent, but it can be deaccented if it is mentioned earlier in the discourse. In this paper, we test how English native speakers and Korean learners of English realize pitch accents according to focus and information structure of a sentence. The production experiment shows that English native speakers give a pitch accent to narrow-focused items, deaccenting all the other items of the sentence. For VP broad focus, native speakers give a pitch accent either to both the verb and its complement or to the complement only. On the other hand, it is found that Koreans give pitch accents to most content words regardless of focus and information structure. Moreover, the perception experiment confirms that Koreans' intonation patterns, which are not appropriate in terms of focus and information structure, may jeopardize listeners' comprehension. This paper shows that Korean speakers have little knowledge about focus and information structure for intonational realization, and that such notions should be applied to teaching of English intonation.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

Accident analysis models were developed to improve the construction site safety and case studies was conducted. In 2016, 86% of fatality accidents occurred due to simple unsafe acts. Structure related accidents are less frequent than the non structure related causes, but the number of casualties per accident is two times higher than non structure one. In the view of risk perception, efforts should be given to reduce accidents caused by low frequency - high consequence structure related causes. In case of structure related accident, structural safety inspection and management (including quality), ground condition management / inspection technology, and provision of risk information delivery system in case of non structure related accident were proposed as a solution. In analysis of relationship between safety related stakeholder, the main problem were the lack of knowledge of controller and player, loss of control due to duplicated controls, lack of communication system of risk information, and relative position error of controller and player.

• 인지과학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2007

본 논문은 정서의 이차원 구조상에서 얼굴표정으로부터 아동의 정서이해에 대한 범주를 알아보고자 한다. 3세에서 5세 89명의 아동들을 대상으로 14개의 정서 단어와 관계된 얼굴표정들을 선택하도록 하였다. 실험에 적용된 얼굴표정들은 54명의 대학생들로부터 9점 척도상에서 두차원(쾌-불쾌차원과 각성-수면차원) 각각에서 표정의 강도가 평정된 사진들이 사용되었다. 실험결과에서 아동들은 쾌-불쾌 차원보다는 각성-수면 차원에서 더 큰 안정성을 보였다. 이차원 구조상에서 슬픔, 졸림, 화남, 놀람과 같은 정서들은 두 차원에서 매우 잘 변별된 반면, 두려움, 지겨움과 같은 정서들은 쾌-불쾌 차원에서 불안정성을 보였다. 특히 3세 아동들은 각성-수면정도에 대한 지각이 쾌-불쾌에 대한 지각보다 높게 나타났다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

Nature/Landscape is surrounding space in which we make living. It is considerably comprehensive tenn. but on the other hand, the site can be existence, experience, and certain circumstance with boundaries. Based on these places, through contemporary art criticism, this study is to contemplate how art since 1960s, especially, site-specific art in three-dimensional space intervene in the environment. Artists of today put more value on the process and act of art making founded on the external, and they tend to create the characteristic of site or to indicate linguistic documentation. Moreover, a large-scale tendency of contemporary sculpture and 'occupation of specific site' seems to accede spatial conception from architecture. The core that recognizes these artworks is with body, that is to say, the space in which Self becomes the subject by changing the structure of the work while moving around it. In particular, 'Site-specific Art (in situ)' sometimes determines the form inward or outward It also relates directly on viewer's five senses by looking, hearing, and feeling, touching, and interacting. For example, in Richard Serra's , the viewer who moves around the work has the role to manipulate the movement of the work by perception. Works of In situ and works that planned for specific site suggest 'occupation of site' as of the function of the work These sites are ideal and special as well as being independent. Ultimately, it seems that the creative process of contemporary artists is to carry those intended form on the structure of perception. Furthermore, law of nature such as entropy, and acceptance of contingency helped organic structure of artwork become more abundant. For Robert Smithson, entropy suggests of reaching to a state of equilibriumin which everything is the same. This means that any core is justifiable and any rank is possible. Because the world without a core is a labyrinth of boundless exploration.