• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

Purpose: Infantile Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare congenital inheritable connective tissue disorder with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations and overall prognosis of infantile MFS diagnosed in a tertiary referral center in Korea. Methods: Eight patients diagnosed with infantile MFS between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Their median age at the time of diagnosis was 2.5 months (range, 0-20 months). The median follow-up period was 25.5 months (range, 0-94 months). The median length at birth was 50.0 cm (range, 48-53 cm); however, height became more prominent over time, and the patients were taller than the 97th percentile at the time of the study. None of the patients had any relevant family history. Four of the 5 patients who underwent DNA sequencing had a fibrillin 1 gene mutation. All the patients with echocardiographic data of the aortic root had a z score of >2. All had mitral and tricuspid valve prolapse, and various degrees of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Five patients underwent open-heart surgery, including mitral valve replacement, of whom two required multiple operations. The median age at mitral valve replacement was 28.5 months (range, 5-69 months). Seven patients showed congestive heart failure before surgery or during follow-up, and required multiple anti-heart failure medications. Four patients died of heart failure at a median age of 12 months. Conclusion: The prognosis of infantile MFS is poor; thus, early diagnosis and timely cautious treatment are essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1985

To find out the differences in medical practice according to the environment of patient care and managerial situation of the medical care institutions, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and acute appendicitis were selected, which is suitable for comparison because of their high comparability. A total of 473 cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and 408 cases of acute appendicitis was sampled from the claims to Korea Medical Insurance Cooperations during January to June 1984. Complicated cases were excluded from population and sampling was restricted from 40 to 60 percentile for total charges by the type of medical care facility in order to rule out the influence originating from case mix. Important items representing type and quantity of medical care service were compared by type of facility. Major findings are as follows : 1. University hospital shows the highest in charges per case and decrease in order of general hospital, and clinic. 2. In case of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, average length of stay shows statistically significant difference by type of facility. 3. Charge amount for each service item affected by practice pattern shows statistically significant difference mostly by type of facility. It is suggested that medical practice pattern is different by type of facility for medical services. 4. Difference in total medical expenditure by type of facility is affected more with charges for materials, consumables and drugs than with fee for service activity. 5. In administering drugs to patients, hospital and clinic show higher injection rate than university and general hospital. 6. Clinical Laboratory tests were common in order of uninalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, urine microscopic examination in cases of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; white blood cell count, urinalysis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urine microscopic examination, white blood cell differential count, in cases of acute appendicitis. 7. The result for Laboratory test and Radiologic study shows extreme difference by type of facility. Test rate is lowest in clinic and increase hospital, general hospital, and university hospital in order, both in type and frequency.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership style and development of agricultural organization in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to : 1) identify the leadership style of agricultural organization though literature review, 2) survey the members' opinions about their leadership style, 3) examine the leader's self-estimation of their leadership style, 4) identify the desirable leadership style items of the leaders and members, 5) suggest effective way to the development of leadership style. The study was carried out through literature review and questionnaire survey. Total of 715 farmers were surveyed to collect data, and 501 responded. The statistical techniques applied on the data are frequency, percentile, analysis of variance, multiple regression utilizing the SPSS/WIN, and the statistical significance was tested at .05 level. The major findings of the study were: 1) the leaders motivation and problem solving abilities of agricultural organizations were not enough to satisfy the members, 2) members believed the leaders make somewhat arbitrary decisions, 3) the leaders of the organizations had difficulties to coordinate the different opinions of the members, and 4) the leaders of the organizations felt the need of skills and information on leadership style and development of agricultural organization. For improvement of leadership for agricultural organization, this study suggests; 1) the more education programs should be made and practiced to make their leadership special, 2) all members should make much efforts to have channels for rational communication, 3) the leaders have to give members well-polished incentives for active participation, 4) more governmental support should be given to empower those organizations, and 5) the agricultural organizations, universities and government must establish a strong coordinating system to realize above suggestions.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 셀룰러 이동통신 시스템에서 협력적으로 신호를 전송하는 기지국 집합인 클러스터를 효율적으로 생성하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 선택된 클러스터 내 기지국들과 협력적 전송이 가능한 후보 기지국들 중 협력 전송에 참여시 가중합 전송률 측면에서 최대의 이득을 줄 수 있는 기지국들을 순차적으로 선택하여 클러스터에 포함하는 방식을 사용한다. 특히 제안방식에서는 시스템 운용과 구현 측면에서의 복잡도를 고려하여 특정 협력 전송 클러스터에 포함될 수 있는 기지국의 개수를 제한하며, 또한 채널 환경의 변화에 따라 클러스터 조합이 다이나믹하게 변경됨을 특징으로 한다. 기존의 비협력 전송 방식 및 고정된 클러스터 방식과의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 활용한 비교를 통해 순차적 선택 기반 클러스터 형성 방식이 특히 평균 전송률 측면의 하위 사용자 성능을 향상시키는 효과가 있음을 보임으로써 사용자 간의 공평성 문제를 개선할 수 있는 방식임을 입증한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2002

호우는 우리나라에 매년 약 60여명의 인명과 6,000억원에 달하는 재산 손실을 가져오는 가장 파괴적인 자연 재해이다. 그러므로, 강수 행태의 변화, 특히 호우 빈도와 규모의 변화를 이해하는 것은 악기상과 관련된 재해를 최소화하는데 필요한 환경영향평가에 필수적이다. 최근 기후변화의 징후로써 뿐만 아니라 사회에 미치는 영향 때문에 강수 극값에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 기후변화가 사회에 영향을 미치게 될 규모는 기후변동성의 변화, 특히 기후극값의 강도와 빈도에 의해서 결정 될 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 한반도 남부지방의 장기간의 강수강도와 극값의 변화 경향을 파악하는 것이다. 장기간의 일 강수 자료(1920-1999)를 보유하고 있는 대구, 전주, 부산, 목포의 자료를 산술 평균하여 남부지방의 지역 일 강수 계열을 구축하였다. 남부지방의 연강수일수는 뚜렷한 감소현상이 나타나는 반면 연강수량은 약한 증가현상을 보인다. 이로 인해서 강수일수당 강수량을 보여주는 강수강도는 뚜렷하게 증가하고 있다. 이 모든 경향은 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 변화이다. 계절별로는 여름의 강수량 증가와 가을의 강수일 수 감소가 가장 뚜렷하다. 또한 강수극값의 규모를 나타내는 90번째, 95번째, 99번째 백분위수의 값도 증가하는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 호우 사상의 발생빈도와 그에 의한 강수량은 증가하는 반면, 비호우 사상의 발생빈도는 감소하고, 그에 의한 강수량에는 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 남부지방에 나타난 강수일수의 감소는 비호우 사상의 감소에 의한 것이었고, 강수량의 증가는 호우 사상의 발생빈도와 그에 의한 강수량 증가에 의한 것 임을 알 수 있다. 위의 결과는 한반도에서도 기후변화에 의한 수문순환의 강화를 나타나고 있음을 보여주는 것으로, 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 적절한 지역영향평가를 위해서는 강수 극값에 대한 보다 상세한 분석이 필요함을 제안하고 있다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

Cockayne 증후군은 지능저하와 발육부전을 특징으로 하며 피부의 광과민성, 색소성의 망막증, 백내장, 신경전도성 귀머거리 외에 다기관 이상을 동반하는 드문 질환이다. 신장학적 이상 소견 또한 드물지 않게 동반되는 합병증 중 하나이며 병리학적으로 사구체의 유리질화, 세뇨관의 위축 및 간질 내 섬유화가 관찰될 수 있다. 저자들은 7세된 남아에서 Cockayne 증후군의 특징적인 외모와 임상양상을 확인하고 동반된 국소 분절성 사구체 경화증을 진단하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.157-167
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• 1998

Background and Purpose : Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR) can be estimated by measuring the change of cerebral blood flow that occurs during vasostimulation. To estimate the cerebrovascular reactivity, we investigated the change of flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery(MCA) during hyperventilation and hypoventilation with the transcranial doppler. So we studied whether the CVR measured by this method could show a significant difference between the normal and the cerebral infarction subjects and whether the CVR may decrease with age in normal subjects. Methods : Using transcranial doppler, we measured the mean velocity(Vm), the pulsatility index(P.I.) at the resting state, the end of breath-holding and the end of hyperventilation in 36 normal and 10 cerebral infarction subjects, so we calculated the percentile change of mean velocity(%${\Delta}$Vm) and P.I.(%${\Delta}$P.I.) after the vasostimulation. We estimated the change of Vm, P.I., %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. by the age group and compared those parameters between the age-matched normal control and cerebral infarction subjects. Results : The Vm in MCA significantly decreased with age(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Vm and P.I. between normal and cerebral infarction subjects. The %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. in response to hyperventilation significantly decreased with age in MCA and there was significant difference in $%{\Delta}Vm$ of MCA after breath-holding between the normal and cerebral infarction subjects. Conclusion : The breath-holding and hyperventilation tests could be non-invasive and useful methods in estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity and could be applied in the basal and follow-up evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve of the ischemic stroke patients.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.528-536
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• 2016

The purpose of Total Pollution Load Control at Tributary is to obtain maximum improvement effect of water quality through finding the most impaired section of water-body and establishing the proper control measure of pollutant load. This study was implemented to determine the optimal management of reach, period, condition, watershed, and pollution source and propose appropriate reduction practices using the Load duration curve (LDC) and field monitoring data. With the data of measurement, LDC analysis shows that the most impaired condition is reach V (G4~G5), E group (flow exceedance percentile 90~100%) and winter season. For this reason, winter season and low flow condition should be preferentially considered to restore water quality. The result of pollution analysis for the priority reach and period shows that agricultural nonpoint source loads from onion and garlic culture are most polluting. Therefore, it is concluded that agricultural reuse of surface effluent (storm-water runoff with non-point sources) and low impact farming that includes reducing fertilization and controlling the height of drainage outlet are efficient water quality management for this study watershed.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.436-444
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• 2002

This study surveyed 146 obese elementary school children(94 male and 52 female) in Seoul, and measured height, body weight, degree of obesity, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profiles and liver function. The hypertension was above 95 percentile depending on age and sex. and the hyperglycemia was defined as above 110mg/dl. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were defined as above 200mg/dl, 160mg/dl, repectively. The abnormal liver function was considered as elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT>35IU/L)or aspartate aminotransferase(AST>35IU/L). The results were as follows: 1. The mean degree of obesity was $29.56\pm12.56\%$, and the percentage of overweight was $18.5\%$, mild obesity $41.1\%$, moderate obesity $35.6\%$, severe obesity $4.8\%$ respectively in surveyed children. 2. The systolic blood pressure was $108.34\pm13.73mmHg$, diastolic blood pressure was $67.46\pm8.27mmHg$. 3. FBS was $93.79\pm6.51mg/dl$. 4. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST were $183.34\pm31.38mg/dl$. $115.55\pm56.43mg/dl,\;24.08\pm18.42IU/L,\; 28.73\pm10.45IU/L,$ respectively. 5. The prevalence of complications was $47.2\%$ : hypertension$(13\%)$, hyperglycemia$(0.7\%)$, hypercholesterolemia$(23.3\%)$, hypertriglyceridemia$(17.1\%)$, and liver dysfunction$(21.9\%)$. In conclusion. childhood obesity is associated with various risk factors. Therefore, the aggressive approaches to successful prevention, early detection, and effective treatment of obesity in children are urgently required.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2016

The increase rate of dentists' competition is very fast at metropolitan areas in South Korea. We compare metropolitan and rural parameters to investigate the relation between competition and revenue variation. The competition and revenue variables of 73 metropolitan and 75 rural areas were calculated from 2010 Census of Service Industry microdata which include non-insurance revenues of dental clinics. Independent sample t-test results showed that the level of competition among dental clinics in metropolitan areas is higher. The lowest and the low ranked revenues are higher in rural areas. The highest and the average revenues are higher in metropolitan areas. But, 25 percentile and median revenues has no significant difference between two areas. Simple log linear regression results showed that the number of clinics could explain the distribution of revenues in both areas better than the density of active dentists and Herfindahl-Hirschman index. In the areas with many clinics have high maximum and average revenues and low minimum revenues. The increasing rate of maximum revenues is higher in metropolitan areas though the decreasing rate of minimum revenues is higher in rural areas. Metropolitan areas have higher Gini coefficients than rural areas, but the increasing rate of Gini coefficients is lower than rural areas. Findings from this study are useful reference when the dentists select the opening areas. One is that the median revenues between metropolitan and rural areas have no significant difference. The other is that the rural areas ensure the more stable and uniform revenues. The results would help to relieve the consumptive competition among dentists and to achieve the distributional efficiency of dental human resources.