• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

This research examined intuitive knowledge of 6th grade students in Israel prior to the formal learning of percentages in school. In other words. the research investigated knowledge of basic concepts and familiarity with the usage of percentages in daily life. Results have shown that students are familiar with the concept of percentages and thai some students are able to handle simple problems composed of common percentages (50% and 25%). However, it was also found that many students had misconceptions that should be taken into account while the subject has been taught.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2001

Comparisons between the Korean native pig(KNP: 75kg of slaughter weight and 240 days of age) versus Landrace(110kg of slaughter and 180 days of age) in dressing and lean meat percentages, compositions of fatty acids and amino acids and sensory evaluations on longissimus muscle are as below. Compared with Landrace, KNP had smaller percentages in dressing and lean meat percentages and a smaller backfat thickness. In retail cuts, KNP had greater percentages in shoulder butt, belly and picnic shoulder and smaller percentages in spareribs, ham and loin muscle. The KNP had greater percentages in crude fat, palmitic(C16:0) and linolenic(C18:3) acids and smaller percentages in oleic(C18:1) and linoleic(C18:2) acids, but total cholesterol content and ratios of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids did not differ between the two breeds. In amino acid composition, KNP had a greater percentage in lysine, but smaller percentages in most other amino acids. The KNP had a greater a*(redness) value in longissimus muscle(LM) color and a greater L*(whiteness) value in attached backfat color. Moreover, sensory evaluations on cooked LM showed that KNP had greater flavor, tenderness and springiness, which resulted in a greater overall acceptability. In summary, KNP, compared with Landrace, had smaller dressing and lean meat percentages, a smaller backfat thickness, greater percentages in popular retail cuts, greater percentages in intramuscular fat and an $\omega$-3 component linolenic acid, with no difference in cholesterol content, which, altogether, is considered to be more beneficial for human health.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.309-341
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate an approach to teach percentages in elementary mathematics class by analyzing calculating strategies with percentage the students use to solve the percentage tasks and their percentages of correct answers, as well as types of errors with percentages the students make. For this research 182 sixth graders were examined. The instrument test consists of various task types in reference to the previous study; the percentages tasks are divided into algebraic-geometric, part whole-comparison-change and find part-find whole-find percentage tasks. According to the analysis of this study, percentages of correct answers of students with percentage tasks were lower than we expected, approximately 50%. Comparing the percentages of correct answers according to the task types, the part-whole tasks are higher than the comparison and change tasks, the geometric tasks are approximately equal to the algebraic tasks, and the find percentage tasks are higher than the find whole and find part tasks. As to the strategies that students employed, the percentage of using the formal strategy is not much higher than that of using the informal strategy, even after learning the formal strategy. As an insightful approach for teaching percentages, based on the study results, it is suggested to reinforce the meaning of percentage, include various types of the comparison and change tasks, emphasize the informal strategy explicitly using models prior to the formal strategy, and understand the relations among part, whole and percentage throughly in various percentage situations before calculating.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2003

Wind effects on a rain gauge can cause a significant underestimation of rainfall depths and contribute to the inconsistency in rainfall data. To revise the rainfall data requires the study about calculation of deficiency percentages of rain catch. There are few studies which reflect the variation of wind speed. in this study, the raindrop terminal velocity is quantified according to the particle size of rainfall. The model for calculating deficiency percentages of rain catch according to the particle size of rainfall is examined by experimentation. Experimentation shows that deficiency percentages of rain catch have no relationship with rainfall intensity and affected by raindrop diameter. In conclusion, the estimated deficiency percentages of rain catch coincided with the experimental results and can be used as recommended adjustment factors.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1995

The number of possible working days is one of the major factors for estimating the coverage area of a combine harvester. The percentages of possible working days at 24 locations were presented by analyzing the amount of rainfall during the working periods of rice harvesting from the end of September to the end of October for past 20 years. The percentages of possible working days ranged from 75% to 85% in most cases.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2005

In this study, the biological units of elementary school science were classified to the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning out of the 1 st to the 7th National Curriculum using the Dimensions of Learning Project developed by ASCD in USA. Also they were investigated which lower categories of Dimensions of Learning were used to the Curriculum. The results were as follows; First, the average percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of learning increased gradually from lower to higher grade regardless of any versions of Curriculum. For example, the percentages of using the lower categories according to grade 3 to 6 were increased by $56.1\%,\;61.4\%.\;67.1\%,\;86.8\%$ in the 7th Curriculum (r = .942). Second, as a result of investigating the percentages of using lower categories of Dimensions of Learning according to the change of curriculum, the average percentages appeared to be $37.9\%,\;42.9\%,\;41.1\%,\;47.6\%,\;47.6\%,\;50.5\%,\;67.9\%$ from the 1st to the 7th National Curriculum, respectively. In addition, the average percentages were increased gradually from the 1st to the 7th National Curriculum (r = .878). Third, the average percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning decreased approximately from 1 st to 5th Dimension. The results are considered to be a desirable organization considering the physiological, cognitive development of elementary students.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 1999

This research was for investigating the physiological effect caused by genetic disorder and others. Serum protein, serum LDH, and serum CPK were analyzed on Fragile X syndrome patients, carriers, unclassified mental retardees, and Down's syndrome patients by cellulose acetate plate electrophoresis. Also enzyme activity of LDH and CPK were measured. Significant differences were observed between normal group and mental retardees in compositions of serum protein, serum LDH, serum CPK, and enzyme activities. Mean percentages of albumin were 53.70$\pm$7.73% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 57.09$\pm$7.73% for carriers, 47.33$\pm$6.06% for unclassified mental retardees, 50.19$\pm$ 15.72% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of ${\gamma}$-globulin were 19.64$\pm$6.71% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 19.24$\pm$3.38% for carries, 25.66$\pm$4.74 for unclassified mental retardees, 23.41$\pm$6.08% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of LDH3 were 27.76$\pm$2.72% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 22.70$\pm$2.76% for carriers, 25.42$\pm$1.26% for unclassified mental retardees, 27.72$\pm$2.58% for Down's syndrome patients. Mean percentages of LDH4 were 2.70$\pm$2.04 for Fragile X syndrome patients, 3.79$\pm$2.74% for carriers, so both of them were significantly lower than normal(P<0.05). Mean percentages of CK-MB were 3.96$\pm$5.56% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 8.80$\pm$7.92%. Mean percentages of CK-MM were 95.81$\pm$5.50% for Fragile X syndrome patients, 91.20$\pm$7.92% for carriers. These results showed that significant abnormal compositions of blood proteins might be caused by genetic disorder. However, further analysis of many patients will be needed for clear conclusion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the Domains, Classes, labels and nursing activities of nursing interventions used with 117 patients who were admitted to orthopedic nursing units. Method: Data were collected in January and February, 2004 using a computerized nursing process program that contained nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NNN) linkages. The program was developed by the researcher. Frequencies and percentages were used in the analysis. Results: Sixty-five nursing intervention labels were identified. The Domains of the nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'physiological: basic' (75.9%), 'physiological: complex' (12.9%), 'behavioral'(7.8%) 'family'(1.3%), and 'safety'(1.1%). The Classes of nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'activity and exercise management'(30.8%), 'physical comfort promotion'(19.3%), 'immobility management'(14.5%), 'drug management'(8.1%), and 'coping assistance'(5.6%). Nursing intervention labels showed higher percentages for 'pain management'(14.7%), 'body mechanics promotion'(8.0%), 'exercise therapy : ambulation'(7.2%), 'splinting'(5.4%), and 'positioning'(5.1%). In the comparison of numbers between performed nursing activities and nursing activities of NIC according to nursing intervention label, the mean of combined rate was 52.3%. Conclusion: These findings will help in building of a standardized language for orthopedic nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.72-79
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• 2002

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between chemical structure and higher heating value of reformed diesel fuels by ultrasonic irradiation. In order to analyze the chemical structure changes of the reformed diesel fuels by ultrasonic irradiation, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer(1H-NMR) was used and to analyze the effect of higher heating values of these diesel fuels, the bomb calorimeter was used. From the study, following conclusive remarks can be made. 1) The aromatic carbon percentages and higher heating values of the reformed diesel fuels by ultrasonic irradiation increased more than the conventional diesel ones. 2) The aromatics percentages and Branch Index(BI) of the reformed diesel fuels by ultrasonic irradiation decreased more than the conventional diesel ones. 3) The higher heating values on both for conventional fuel and reformed diesel fuels by ultrasonic energy irradiation is directly proportional to aromatic carbon percentages and inversely proportional to aromatic percentages and BI for these fuels.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.273-292
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find out how second, fourth and sixth graders understood the main contents related to spatial sense in the Seventh National Mathematics Curriculum. For this purpose, this study examined students' understanding of the main contents of congruence transformation (slide, flip, turn), mirror symmetry, cubes, congruence and symmetry. An investigation was conducted and the subjects included 483 students. The main results are as follows. First, with regards to congruence transformation, whereas students had high percentages of correct answers on questions concerning slide, they had lower percentages on questions concerning turn. Percentages of correct answers on flip questions had significant differences among the three grades. In addition, most students experienced difficulties in describing the changes of shapes. Second, students understood the fact that the right and the left of an image in a mirror are exchanged, but they had poor overall understanding of mirror symmetry. The more complicated the cubes, the lower percentages of correct answers. Third, students had a good understanding of congruences, but they had difficulties in finding out congruent figures. Lastly, they had a poor understanding of symmetry and, in particular, didn't distinguish a symmetric figure of a line from a symmetric figure of a point.