• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

This study was to compare the financial status between elderly households - retired vs employed. The sample obtained from 1994 KHPS, and consisted of 628 Korean aged households who are currently married. Statistics employed to analyze the data are mean, frequency, percentile, t-test, and relative-ratio. The results of this study were as follows ; In income sources, earned income was majority of employed households, but the percent of unearned income was greater than retired households. While the percent of cloth, education, recreation expenditures were high in employed, and medical, housing expenditures wee high percentage in retired. The percentage of real asset(housing) was majority of total asset in two groups. And the percentage of safe liquid asset of retired households was relatively higher than employed households.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.84-85
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• 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is common primary tumor of kidney. In the past, it had been considered a difficult tumor to manage since the detection was usually delayed until paraneoplastic syndrome and/or distant metastasis appeared due to its slow progression. However, the recent popularization of ultrasound and computed tomography has made RCC one of the easily curable cancers. Eighty percent are found early, mostly with tumor size less than 5 cm. Five-year survival rate after successful nephrectomy is exceeded 80-90 percent. Curative nephrectomy can be tried in stage 1 and 2, and some cases of stage 3. In these cases, return to flight can be considered after 6 to 12 months' observation. It should be monitored any occurrence of cancer recurrence, need for systemic treatment, metastasis, and paraneoplastic syndrome, etc. If any signs of recurrence are found or new treatment needs to be initiated, the flight should be suspended. If there is no recurrence for more than 5 to 10 years, the patient doesn't have to be followed anymore.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2002

Oxidative stress is considered to be associated with many diseases, such as inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, aging and cancer. An important etiological mechanism of these diseases may be a causal relationship between the presence of oxidants and the generation of lipid hydroperoxides derived from enzymatic reactions or xenobiotic metabolism. The hydroperoxides can be decomposed to alkoxy- (ROㆍ) and peroxy- (ROOㆍ) free radicals that can oxidize other cell components, resulting in changes in enzyme activity or the generation of mediators, which can cause further cell damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of aqueous extract from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil (CK), to affect cellular response in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes to t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. CK-treated cells showed an increased resistance to oxidative challenge, as revealed by a higher percent of survival capacity in respect to control cells. CK reduced t-BHP-enhanced lipid peroxidation measured as production of malondialdehyde and enhanced intracellular reduced glutathione depletion by t-BHP. Furthermore, CK protected from the t-BHP-induced intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species assessed by monitoring dichlorodihydrofluorescein fluorescence. It can be concluded that CK exerts an antioxidant action inside the cell, responsible for the observed modulation of the cellular response to oxidative challenge, and CK have a marked antioxidative and hepatoprotective potency.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.364-374
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• 2004

This Study was carried out to investigate dietary life and recognition of diet related factors in elemantary, middle and high school students. This study was surveyed by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. Comparative analysis was conducted according to three school student groups(elementary childrens, middle school students, high school students). The subjects were 1,886 school students(female 893, male 959) of 51 schools in nationalwide region. The Distribution of subjects was elementary school childrens 544, middle school students 661 and high school students 681. The results are summarized as follows. Only Sixty percent of the subjects had breakfast regularly. About one forth of the subjects had the habit of skipping breakfast or eating 2-3 times per week. Pricipal reasons of skipping breakfast were 'busy'(50.7%) and 'not delicious or poor appetite'(31.0%). Regularity of having breakfast and reasions of skipping breakfast were significant differences according to school student groups(p<0.001 respectively). About half of the subjects didn't have sufficient amounts in breakfast. Most subjects(92.1%) had lunch regularly by virtue of school lunch service. One forth of the subjects had dinner irregularly. Pricipal reasons of skipping dinner were 'not delicious'(41.7%), 'busy'(15.1%) and 'weight loss'(14.3%). Regularity of having dinner and reasons of skipping dinner were significant differences according to school student groups(p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively). The most delicious meal was dinner in 56.7% of the subjects and lunch in 37.1% of the subjects. There was significant difference in recognition of most delicious meal according to school student groups(p<0.001). Only ten percent of the subjects thought that nutrition education was not needed. Diettitian was recognized as nutrition educator in sixty percent of the subjects. Only 5 percent of the subject recognized teacher as nutrition educator. There were not significant differences in most delicious meal and nutrition educator according to operation type of school lunch service. The findings suggested continuous attention and guidance for healthy dietary life and necessity of nutrition education for both school students and their parents.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1998

The purposes of this research were to assess the quality of worklife of university foodservice managers and workers by operation type, and to investigate the characteristics of demographic variables in university foodservice employees. A questionnaire was administered to 27 managers and 180 personnels who are working in 9 university foodservice facilities. And 21 managers and 160 workers were responded with a response rate of 78% and 89%, respectively. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS programs for descriptive analysis, ANOVA, T-test and SNK test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Almost all respondents were female(87%), 40.5 percent of the respondents were between 40 to 49 years of age, 42.9 percent of the respondents had been in their current job between 2 to 5 years, and 55.2 percent of the respondents earned ays between 500,000won to 800,000won per month, Only 42.6% percent of the respondents were full-time employee. 2. The mean scores for the quality of worklife was 3.07 on a 5-point scales of 1=disagree very much and 5 = agree very much. 3. Factors receiving the higher ratings included "optimum levels of work variety"(3.83), "positive attitude toward work"(4.14), and " cooperative relationship with coworkers"(4.22). But respondents were least satisfied with "promotion"(2.07),"temperature of workplace"(2.17) " rest time"(2.25), and "pay"(2.28) factors. 4. There was a significant difference in the perception of the quality of worklife according to the operation type(self-operated, contracted, and rented management), but no difference was noted by position(managers vs workers) Results can be user to develop intervention and training strategies for enhancing positive attitude and the quality of work of employees.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data for the development of oral health education program of parents and to encourage their actual interest and participation in school oral health program. The authors surveyed parents' awareness and behaviors about the oral health of their children. The subjects in this study were 193 parents of elementary school children in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed, the obtained results were as follows: 1. Thirty-five percent of the parents investigated paid a regular visit to a dental clinic. The most common tooth brushing time among them was after dinner, the second was after breakfast, and this was followed by before bedtime and before breakfast 2. Ninety-four percent of the parents responded that prevention is necessary, 92.2% had a plan to visit a dental clinic to prevent dental caries, and 60.1% experienced receiving pit and fissure sealants. Ninety-seven percent responded that they did check their children's dental caries. 54.9% checked their children's oral status after tooth brushing. The parents who visit a dental clinic on a regular basis were more likely to check their children's teeth after tooth brushing than those who don't(P<0.05). 3. Eighty eight percent of respondents wanted to keep the fluoride mouth rinse program. 4. It is recommended that an oral health education program be developed for parents to visit dental clinics on a regular basis, to educate as to the right tooth brushing time, and to check out their children's oral status after tooth brushing.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2007

We investigated elementary school students' knowledge, behavior, experience and preference of education method related to food safety in order to provide basic information for food safety educational program. A survey study was conducted with 569, fourth and sixth grade students, from two schools in Seoul and Ulsan. Students were asked thirty-two questions regarding food safety knowledge, behavior and experiences as well as their attitude to food safety class and preference for teaching method. The data was analyzed for the frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation using the SPSS/Windows. Results indicated that 91.9 percent of the respondents did not know what unsanitary food is. 67 percent of the respondents did not know the proper method of hand washing. Although the students' level of knowledge and behavior associated with food safety was low, there was meaningful correlation(r =.184, p<.01) between knowledge and behavior. Surprisingly, students in higher grade did not demonstrate an exceeding food safety knowledge and behavior. More than 50 percent of the subjects did not have food safety education either at home or school. 60 percent of the respondents interested in food safety and the majority recognized that a food safety education is needed. Students want to learn about unsanitary food(34.1%), foodborne illness(29.7%), food selection and storage method(21.3%), and personal hygiene(11.2%) through game, role play, and practice in real situation. These results suggest that development of food safety education program is needed through the elementary school year and the education program must include fun activities in which students can participate.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health behaviors of child users of local children's centers before and after receiving oral health education in an effort to develop a well-organized oral health education program. METHOD : The subjects in this study were the elementary school students who used 13 different local children's centers in the city of Busan. The questionnaire was intended for children and consisted of 31 items, which were four about eating food, three about washing hands, two about smoking, five about toothbrushing and dental clinic visit, five about tooth damage and dental pain, seven about knowledge and awareness of dental health and six about dental health attitude. RESULT : 1. The rate of the children who replied they didn't brush their teeth on the previous day stood at 5.8 percent before the program, and this rate rose to 13.0 percent after that. The differences were significant(p=0.026). 2. The rate of the former after the program stood at 61 percent, and that of the latter stood at 39 percent. The differences were statistically significant(p=0.019). CONCLUSION : The oral health behaviors were investigated before and after oral health education was provided, and this education was found not to be sufficient enough to change their oral health care. So it seems necessary to increase the frequency of oral health education by providing it twice a year. In addition, oral health education programs geared toward teachers in local children's centers who spend time with children should additionally be strengthened to offer more education to these children.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.265-279
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• 1975

This study was conducted to investigate the development of Gab river-basin which was a part of the farm land enlargement to contribute to the increased production of food. The results were as follows; 1. Gab river has the upper stream which occupy 50 percent in moumtains and the mid-stream in the Daejeon city area, and the downstream in a field which is about 22.9 percent in which farming area per household is 0.82 ha., agricultural population is 76 percent except of Daejeon city. Also, urban enlargement of mid-stream basin and development of industrial area in the lower stream diminish farm land. Consequently, this area should be developed to farm land to increase farming size. 2. There is no possibility to develop farm land in mountains of which (64.9 percent) is forests and in midstream which was constructed river-improvement. But Weonjeong area and Yongcheon area will be effective area. 3. If river banks of Weonjeong area will make straight with cost of construction 195,000,000 won, bank length 6 km will be useless, water will flow smoothly, flood will be prevented, farm land will develop 21.66 ha in which rice will produce annually 81.698 M/T which is about 10,860,000 won. 4. This area has good conditions of development. that is, investment efficiency (B/C) is 1.47 more than 1.00. 5. This area is a multiple purpose development district. The reasons are that there are beautiful mountains and a reservoir to be expected to construct, so it will be a sight seeing district in the vicinity of Daejeon city. 6. If Honam railway double line and river straight construction had executed simultaneously, cost of construction 50,000,000 won would have saved.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.683-694
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the body weight control, food habits and nutrient intakes according to the obese index in male middle school students. This study was carried out through questionnaires and measurement by body fat analyzer (Inbody 4.0). The subjects were 275 male middle school students in Iksan. Chonbuk province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 14.4 years old, 167.8 cm, 60.2 kg and $21.3kg/m^2$, respectively. Seventeen point one percent of the subjects were the underweight group, 47.6% were the normalweight group, and 35.3% were the overweight group by the classification of the Korean Pediatrics Society standard. Body fat of underweight, normalweight, and overweight were 16.1%, 19.0%, and 26.6%, respectively. Thirty one point nine percent of underweight, 39.7% of normalweight. and 31.9% of overweight had misperceptions of their weight (p<0.001). Sixty two point two percent of the males were dissatisfied with their body weight, and 55.3% of the whole tried to reduce their body weights. Even though they were normalweight, half of them dissatisfied with their weight. The source of weight control method was friends and family, TV radio, Internet, and school nutrition education, in order. The subjects exercised 3.4 days per week, 70.2 minutes per day, but it was not different significantly by the obese index. Forty percent of the subjects had meals fast, 58.5% of them have biased food habits even if they didn't differ by the obese index. Activity rate was different by the obese index significantly (p < 0.05), the number of severe activity was most in underweight. In conclusion, nutrition education programs should contain the necessity of normalweight, and regularity of lift habits and activities for energy expenditure in overweight students. It made them to recognize their weight correctly, establish healthy body images, and raise the ability to promote health and improve nutritional status.