• Title/Summary/Keyword: perceived magnitude

Search Result 77, Processing Time 0.02 seconds

Perceptual discrimination of wh-scopes in Gyeongsang Korean (경상 방언 의문문 작용역의 지각 구분)

  • Yun, Weonhee
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-10
    • /
    • 2022
  • A wh-phrase positioned in an embedded clause can be interpreted as having a matrix scope if the sentence is produced with proper prosodic structures such as the wh-intonation. In a previous experiment, a sentence with a wh-phrase in an embedded clause was given to 40 speakers of Gyeongsang Korean. A script containing the sentence was provided to induce a matrix scope interpretation for the wh-phrase. These 40 utterances were prepared as stimuli for a perception test to verify whether the wh-phrases in the stimuli were perceived as having matrix scopes. Each utterance was played thrice to 24 subjects. The results showed that more than half of the 72 responses indicated a preference for an embedded scope rather than a matrix scope in 20 of the utterances. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the matrix scope responses were best predicted by the magnitude of the pitch prominence in a prosodic word consisting of an embedded verb and a complementizer. The pitch prominence was calculated by subtracting the fundamental frequency (F0) at the right edge of the prosodic word from the peak F0 in the same prosodic word. The smaller the magnitude, the more matrix responses there were. These results suggest that the categorical perception of wh-scopes is based on the magnitude of pitch prominence.

A Single Channel Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Speech Signals (음성신호의 단일입력 적응잡음제거)

  • Gahng, Hae-Dong;Bae, Keun-Sung
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.13 no.3
    • /
    • pp.16-24
    • /
    • 1994
  • A single channel adaptive noise canceling (ANC) technique is presented for removing effects of additive noise on the speech signal. The conventional method obtains a reference signal using the pitch estimated on a frame basis from the input speech. The proposed method, however, gets the reference signal using the delay estimated recursively on a sample by sample basis. To estimate the delay, we derive recursion formula of autocorrelation function and average magnitude difference function. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated for the speech signals distorted by the additive white Gaussian noise. Experimental results with normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive algorithm demonstrate that the proposed method improves the perceived speech quality quite well besides the signal-to-noise ratio.

  • PDF

Psychophysical Stess Depending on Repetition of Wrist Motion and External Load (손목 동작의 반복과 외부 부하에 따른 심물리학적 부하)

  • Kee, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.19 no.4 s.68
    • /
    • pp.123-128
    • /
    • 2004
  • This study investigated effect of arm posture, repetition of wrist motion and external load on perceived discomfort. The arm postures were controlled by shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, and ist motions such as flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation. An experiment was conducted to measure discomfort scores for experimental treatments using the magnitude estimation, in which the L16 orthogonal array was adopted for reducing the size of experiment. The results showed that while the effect of the shoulder flexion, repetition of wrist motion and external load was statistically significant at $\alpha=0.05$or 0.10, that of the elbow and wrist motions was not. Discomfor ratings increased linearly as levels of wrist repetition and external load increased. This implies that the existing posture classification schemes such as OWAS, RULA, which do not properly consider effect of motion repetition and external load, may underestimate postural load. Based on the regression equation for wrist repetition and external load, isocomfort region indicating the region within which discomfort scores were expected to be the same was proposed. It is recommended that when assessing risk of postures or developing new posture classification schemes, motion repetition and external load as well as posture itself be fully taken into consideration for precisely evaluating postural stress.

Similar services, different perceptions: The gaps of satisfaction based on the level of recreation specialization

  • Hwang, Sun-Hwan;In, Sangwoo
    • International Journal of Contents
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.71-80
    • /
    • 2013
  • The golf industry has become the center of attention for recreational activities in the participant sport market; however, there has been little effort made to understand golf consumer and their consumption behavior using the concept of 'recreational specialization' which segments the golfers based on level of specialization in golf. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in the relationships among perceived service quality, price of playing golf, overall customer satisfaction with the course, and a player's intention to revisit the same golf course based on the magnitude of recreation specialization in golf. Four public and two private golf courses from the southeastern state of the United States were randomly chosen from a list in a golf magazine. The 365 surveys among 417 participants were ultimately analyzed. Multiple group analysis was conducted in order to investigate differences in relationships among service quality, price, customer satisfaction, and revisit intentions between groups based on the level of recreation specialization. The key findings were 1) for more specialized golfers, satisfaction with price did not affect overall customer satisfaction or revisit intention, however, service quality significantly influenced both overall customer satisfaction and revisit intention, 2) for less specialized golfers, satisfaction with price significantly influenced overall customer satisfaction but did not affect revisit intention. Knowledge about which the determinants of satisfaction are different between more and less specialized golfers could provide a better understanding of how different marketing strategies should be implemented for different specialized levels of golfers.

Effect of Lower Limbs Somatosensation on Linear Motion Perception (하지 체성 감각이 선형 운동 지각에 미치는 영향)

  • Yi, Yong-Woo;Park, Su-Kyung
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
    • /
    • v.31 no.6 s.261
    • /
    • pp.686-693
    • /
    • 2007
  • To perceive body movement, the nervous system uses multi-sensory cues such as vision, vestibular signals, and somatosensation. Among the multi-sensory modality, the previous researchers reported that the lower limb somatosensation plays an important role on maintaining postural balance. In this study, we examined the contribution of somatosensory cues to linear motion perception by measuring the detection threshold of the direction of linear motion with and without lower limb somatosensory constraints. Six healthy male volunteers participated in randomly ordered 33 single sinusoidal acceleration trials with the stimulus at 0.25Hz with peak magnitude ranged from 0 to 8mG. After each stimulus, subjects reported their perceived direction of motion by button press. Results showed that the reduced lower limb somatosensation significantly increased perception threshold. Without constraints, mean threshold was $0.82{\pm}0.23mG$, while it was $1.23{\pm}0.35mG$ with reduced lower limb somatosensation. The results suggest that without visual cues, perception of the movement direction strongly depends on the lower limb somatosensory information.

Ergonomic Design of Voice Warning Sounds Used in Utility Helicopter (기동헬기 음성 경고음의 인간공학적 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Jonghyuk;Kim, Taekon;Koh, Jinhwan
    • Journal of IKEEE
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.189-201
    • /
    • 2013
  • This paper presents an experimental study of the factors modulating the urgency perception of voice alarm generated by concatenative synthesizers. Four experiments were conducted using psycho-physical approach in which 112 participants made magnitude estimation for urgency perception of various voice alarm stimuli. Experiment 1 identified 6 acoustic and non-acoustic factors modulating the perceived urgency of synthesized voice alarm. Experiment 2, 3 and 4 quantified the relations between the objective changes in each of the quantifiable parameters and the subjective changes in urgency perception. This research has implications for the design and implementation of synthesized voice alarm systems where urgency mapping is required.

A Study on the Social Disaffiliation of the Homeless (노숙자의 사회적 연계단절에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Ki-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
    • /
    • v.42
    • /
    • pp.199-224
    • /
    • 2000
  • Homelessness became a major social problem in Korea. And the homeless presents many kinds of problems in social functioning. In studies on the homeless, Physical and mental health, alcohol and subtance abuse, the vulnerability of the social support have been frequently described as major characteristics of the homeless. Of the homeless' psychosocial characteristics, this article focused on the lack of the social support, which plays a important role on the exit from homelessness. The lack of social support has been mentioned as cause for homelessness. But a few researchers stressed the perspective that the homelessness causes the lack of social support. This article analyzed empirically the lack of social support among the homeless in terms of "social disaffiliation". This article hypothesized: (a) as longer homeless duration, the extent of the perceived social support would be decreased, (b) as longer homeless duration, the magnitude of the social network would be decreased, (c) as longer homeless duration, the ratio of the homeless in social network would be increased. Survey data collected from 355 homeless persons (sheltered homeless) at 82 shelters in Seoul. The result of analysis supports 'social disaffiliation hypotheses'. The result of this study suggests that the social work intervention to strengthen social support and social network be critically important in homeless shelter.

  • PDF

The 26 september 2019 Istanbul Earthquake, its characteristics and reminders

  • Gullu, Ahmet;Yuksel, Ercan
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.75-85
    • /
    • 2022
  • The megacity Istanbul was struck by an earthquake on September 26, 2019, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 5.8. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks. Although the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the mainshock was as low as 0.08 g, its effect has been more than expected. The intensive reconnaissance studies were accomplished in the highly populated Zeytinburnu and Pendik districts of Istanbul. While the earthquake (EQ) was relatively smaller concerning record-specific intensity measures; the damages such as concrete spalling in reinforced concrete (RC) members, detachment and diagonal cracking of infill walls in RC frames as well as cracks in masonry structures were reported from non-engineered and some engineered buildings. Many studies in the literature state that record-specific intensity measures are not sufficient to evaluate the seismic performance of the structures. The structure-specific intensity measures, soil characteristics, as well as significant duration, energy, and frequency content of EQs should be considered for the evaluation. Dependently, the frequency and energy contents of the Istanbul Earthquake are evaluated to discuss the possible reasons for the perceived effects and the damages. It is concluded that the EQ caused resonance effects on a variety of structures because of its complex frequency content as well as rather low building quality.

The effect of brightness contrast on resolving the correspondence problem (상의 대응 문제 해결에 미치는 밝기 대비의 영향)

  • 감기택;정찬섭
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.49-56
    • /
    • 2001
  • When multiple features are presented in the image the computational models for stereopsis select the most activated matches through the excitatory and inhibitory interactions among all possible matches. Using the random-dot stereogram with two surfaces. we investigate whether human binocular mechanism selects the most activated matches. The dots consisting a surface lying in a fixation plane were selected randomly while each of the dots consisting the other surface was paired with each of the original dots in the following manner. After finding the position of each dots in the original random pattern we placed an additional dot to the left and to the right of the original position in each of the left and right image of a stereogram respectively. The luminance of additional dots was varied while that of the original random dots was fixed so that the hypothetical matches presumably could be activated differently. Across the luminance condition the depth of each surface was measured to examine whether matches to be selected were changed depending on the activation level of possible matches. When the luminance of two patterns was within 30% of one another observers perceived an opaque surface. Beyond this value two transparent surfaces were seen with the magnitude of perceived depth varying with relative luminance of two patterns. When original pattern was brighter one additional surface was perceived at the depth corresponding to the disparity of original pattern. When original dot was dimmer. however the depth of an additional surface corresponded to the disparity of newly introduced pattern. These results suggest that there are dynamic interactions within the matching process whereby highly activated matches inhibit weaker one.

  • PDF

Surrogate Internet Shopping Malls: The Effects of Consumers' Perceived Risk and Product Evaluations on Country-of-Buying-Origin Image (망상대구점(网上代购店): 소비자감지풍험화산품평개대원산국형상적영향(消费者感知风险和产品评价对原产国形象的影响))

  • Lee, Hyun-Joung;Shin, So-Hyoun;Kim, Sang-Uk
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.208-218
    • /
    • 2010
  • Internet has grown fast and become one of the most important retail channels now. Various types of Internet retailers, hereafter etailers, have been introduced so far and as one type of Internet shopping mall, 'surrogate Internet shopping mall' has been prosperous and attracting consumers in the domestic market. Surrogate Internet shopping mall is a unique type of etailer that globally purchases well-known brand goods that are not imported in the market, completes delivery in the favor of individual buyers, and collects fees for these specific services. The consumers, who are usually interested in purchasing high-end and unique but not eligible brands, have difficulties to purchase these items overseas directly from the retailers or brands in other countries due to worries of payment failure and no address available for their usually domestic only delivery. In Korea, both numbers of surrogate Internet shopping malls and the magnitude of sales have been growing rapidly up to more than 430 active malls and 500 billion Korean won in 2008 since the population of consumers who want this agent shopping service is also expending. This etail business concept is originated from 'surrogate-mediated purchase' and this type of shopping agent has existed in many different forms and also in wide ranges of context level for quite a long time. As marketers face their individual buyers' representatives instead of a direct contact with them in many occasions, the impact of surrogate shoppers on consumer's decision making has been enormously important and many scholars have explored various range of agent's impact on consumer's purchase decisions in marketing and psychology field. However, not much rigorous research in the Internet commerce has been conveyed yet. Moreover, since as one of the shopping agent surrogate Internet shopping malls specifically connect overseas brands or retailers to domestic consumers, one specific character of the mall's, image of surrogate buying country, where surrogate purchases are conducted in, may play an important role to form consumers' attitude and purchase intention toward products. Furthermore it also possibly affects various dimensions of perceived risk in consumer's information processing. However, though tremendous researches have been carried exploring the effects of diverse dimensions of country of origin, related studies in Internet context has been rarely executed. There have been some studies that prove the positive impact of country of origin on consumer's evaluations as one of information clues in product manufacture descriptions, yet studies detecting the relationship between country image of surrogate buying origin and product evaluations rarely undertaken regarding this specific mall type. Thus, the authors have found it well-worth investigating in this specific retail channel and explored systematic relationships among focal constructs and elaborated their different paths. The authors have proven that country image of surrogate buying origin in the mall, where surrogate malls purchase products in and brings them from for buyers, not only has a positive effect on consumers' product evaluations including attitude and purchase intention but also has a negative effect on all three dimensions of perceived risk: product-related risk, shipping-related risk, and post-purchase risk. Specifically among all the perceived risk, product-related risk which is arisen from high uncertainty of product performance is most affected (${\beta}$= -.30) by negative country image of surrogate buying origin, and also shipping-related risk (${\beta}$= -.18) and post-purchase risk (${\beta}$= -.15) get influenced in order. Its direct effects on product attitude (${\beta}$= .10) and purchase intention (${\beta}$= .14) are also secured. Each of perceived risk dimension is proven to have a negative effect on purchase intention through product attitude as a mediator (${\beta}$= -.57: product-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.24: shipping-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.44: post-purchase risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude) as well. From the additional analysis, the paths of consumers' information processing are shown to be different based on their levels of product knowledge. While novice consumers with low level of knowledge consider only perceived risk important, expert consumers with high level of knowledge take both the country image, where surrogate services are conducted in, and perceived risk seriously to build their attitudes and formulate decisions toward products more delicately and systematically, which is in line with previous studies. This study suggests several pieces of academic and practical advice. Precisely, country image of surrogate buying origin does affect on consumer's risk perceptions and behavioral consequences. Therefore a careful selection of surrogate buying origin is recommended. Furthermore, reducing consumers' risk level is required to blossom this new type of retail business whether its consumer are novices or experts. Additionally, since consumer take different paths of elaborating information based on their knowledge levels, sophisticated marketing approaches to each group of consumers are required. For novice buyers strong devices for risk mitigation are needed to induce them to form better attitudes and for experts selections of better and advanced countries as surrogate buying origins are advised while endorsement strategy for the site might work as a reliable information clue to all consumers to mitigate the barriers to purchase goods online. The authors have also explained that the study suffers from some limitations, including generalizability. In future studies, tests of and comparisons among different types of etailers with relevant constructs are recommended to broaden the findings.