• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.137-143
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• 2020

To ensure safety of raw materials for military foods, hazard assessment and monitoring of residual pesticides was conducted on agricultural products consumed by 9 companies based in Gyeongin and Gangwon. Residual pesticides were analyzed for 142 different products, by applying the multi-species pesticide polycomponent analysis method. Of the 36 samples analyzed, residual pesticides were detected in 7 samples, representing a detection rate of 19.4%. One particular pesticide residue was detected in peanuts, green onions, and red pepper powder, and 20 types of pesticide residues were detected in red pepper powder used in combat foods. However, all residues were found to be below the permissible level. Moreover, the hazard assessment results for Cypermethrin, Tebuconazole and EPN showed the highest concentration among the residual pesticides detected. Since the estimated intake was less than 100% as compared to the ingestion limit, it was considered to be safe. I have suggested the edit as per my understanding. Please review for accuracy, and revise appropriately if required. This is the first pesticide Risk Assessment study encompassing military requirements. Considering the results, we expect further application research, including research on reducing hazardous materials.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In order to survey residual characteristics of pesticides in the agricultural products selling at markets and to assess their safety, a total of 120 agricultural products were collected from the wholesale and traditional markets in Cheongju and analyzed the pesticide residues in them by multiresidue analysis method using GLC, HPLC and GC-MSD. Three pesticides, procymidone, penconazole, and tetraconazole, were detected from 4 samples such as onion, leek, tomato, and green pepper. Fungicide penconazole was detected from the onion collected from wholesale market. Fungicide procymidone was detected from leek and tomato and fungicide tetraconazole was detected from green pepper. Pesticide residues were detected from 3.3% of the total samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the pesticides detected were less than 0.1% of their acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), representing that residue levels of the pesticides detected were evaluated as safe.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2023

An accurate and easy-to-use analytical method for determining isocycloseram and its metabolites (SYN549431 and SYN548569) residue is necessary in various food matrixes. Additionally, this method should satisfy domestic and international guidelines (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the isocycloseram and its metabolites residue in foods. To determine the residue and its metabolites, a sample was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous and 1 g sodium chloride and centrifuged (4,700 G, 10 min, 4℃). To remove the interferences and moisture, d-SPE cartridge was performed before LC-MS/MS analysis with C₁₈ column. To verify the method, a total of five agricultural commodities (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, and red pepper) were used as a representative group. The matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficients of determination (R²) ≥ 0.99 at a calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average recoveries were 71.5-109.8% and precision was less than 10% for all five samples. In addition, inter-laboratory validation testing revealed that average recovery was 75.4-107.0% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was below 19.4%. The method is suitable for MFDS, CODEX, and EU guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2013

Sulfoxaflor is a new active ingredient within the sulfoximine insecticide class that acts via a unique interaction with the nicotinic receptor. The MRLs (maximun residue limit) of sulfoxaflor in apple and pear are set at 0.4 mg/kg and that in pepper is set at 0.5 mg/kg. The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of sulfoxaflor residues in agricultural commodities using HPLC-UVD and LC-MS. The analysis of sulfoxaflor was performed by reverse phase-HPLC using an UV detector. Acetone and methanol were used for the extraction and aminopropyl ($NH_2$) cartridge was used for the clean-up in the samples. Recovery experiments were conducted on 7 representative agricultural products to validate the analytical method. The recoveries of the proposed method ranged from 82.8% to 108.2% and relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Finally, LC-MS with selected ion monitoring was also applied to confirm the suspected residues of sulfoxaflor in agricultural commodities.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2009

In order to elucidate the effect of spreader-stickers on the rainfastness of dithianon and chlorothalonil wettable powders, and to estimate the possibility of suggesting good new formulations, the fungicide residues on the leaf surface of hot pepper was assessed and compared after the drop-wise applications of fungicide suspensions containing spreader-sticker on leaf surface followed by artificial raining. Three commercial spreader-stickers, which were Cover, Reitron and Silwet, not only made the rainfastness of dithianon wettable powders worse on hot pepper leaf, but increasing their concentrations also accelerated it further. On the other hand, to chlorothalonil wettable powder, Reitron showed the 3-fold improvement of rainfastness. But, for the rest, there was no improvement as well. The effect of N-octylpyrrolidone (NOP) on rainfastness of both fungicides was excellent. Soybean oil formulations containing leaf-penetrable nonionic surfactant, which was either polyoxyethylene monotridecyl ether or polyoxyethylene monolauryl ether, improved dithianon rainfastness, but the ones containing conventional emulsifiers did not.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 2006

This study was monitored for 14 pesticide residues in agricultural products for the army, such as fruit vegetables(pepper, cucumber, pumpkin, melon and water melon), leafy vegetables(Korean cabbage, spinach, lettuce, crown daisy, cabbage, green onion), mushrooms(agaric, p'yogo), and bean sprouts produced in Kyunggi-do and Inchon-City. From January to December 2005, ten carbamate pesticides in 356 samples were analyzed by HPLC. One kind of pesticide was detected in 8 samples of detection rate (2.53%), and two pesticides were in one sample of detection rate(0.27%). Aldicarb, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, methiocarb, isoprocarb, and propoxur were not found in all samples. Detection rates of pesticides were 0.84% for methomyl, 0.56% for carbofuran, 0.56% for ethiofencarb, and 0.28% for carbayl. Dectection ranges of pesticides were from 0.01 to 2.9 mg/kg for ethiofencarb, from 0.1 to 0.23 mg/kg for methomyl, from 0.20 to 0.24 mg/kg for carbofuran, and 0.01 mg/kg for carbaryl, respectively. Consequently, detection levels of all pesticides in samples were less than the maximum residue limits(MRLs) in Korea representing that all agricultural products for the army were safe.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Accurate and simple analytical method determining Fluxametamid residue was necessary in various food matrices. Additionally, fulfilment of the international guideline of Codex (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) was required for the analytical method. In this study, we developed Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine the Fluxametamid residue in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluxametamid was extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned and concentrated with dichloromethane. To remove the interferences, silica SPE cartridge was used before LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) analysis with $C_{18}$ column. Five agricultural commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used as a group representative to verify the method. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination ($r^2$) greater than 0.99 at calibration range of 0.001-0.25 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average accuracies were shown to be 82.24-115.27%. The precision was also shown to be less than 10% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to the Codex guideline for the residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrices as routine analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

Flonicamid was a water-soluble and systemic insecticide. It was applied to control neonicotinod pesticide-resistant cotton aphid in sweet peppers. However, the residue levels of total flonicamid in sweet pepper exported to Japan in 2009 were exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). This study was conducted to elucidate residual properties of flonicamid parent compound and its metabolites in sweet peppers. It was carried out to compare the variation of residues in sweet pepper in three different greenhouses for 21 days after 3 times application with 7 days interval. The mean residues were 0.176, 0.152 and 0.108 mg $kg^{-1}$ and the residue levels in sweet pepper among three greenhouses show significant difference. The maximum residue levels were detected 10 days later after last treatments. The overall residue levels were lower than MRL 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Korea) and 0.4 mg $kg^{-1}$ (by Japan in 2009 but now revised MRL is 2.0 mg $kg^{-1}$). But the residue level of total flonicamid at the 21th day after 3 times treatment with 7 days interval was 0.429 mg $kg^{-1}$ restricted by the application of double rate than recommended rate. The amounts of metabolites, TFNA, 4-Trifluoro methyl nicotinic acid and TFNG, N-(4-trifluoro methyl nicotinoyl) glycine were increased while flonicamid parent compound was decreased over time. Therefore the longer trial period should be needed for flonicamid in sweet peppers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.370-377
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• 1992

A series of field and laboratory experimentes were conducted to find out the effects of kinds of crops residues and the different amount of fertilizer to the microbial interaction, chemical properties, plant growth and their interaction under continous cultivation of hot pepper, soybean, sesame and upland rice. The results obtained were summerized follows : 1. Total number of bacteria and actinomycetes were enhanced by cultivation of upland rice and soybean while no appreciable effects were obtained by the cultivation of hot pepper and sesame. 2. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were increased by return of crop residues when the cultivation of hot pepper, soybean, sesame and upland rice. Specially, actinomycetes was remarkably increased by upland rice cultivation. 3. Increased amount of fertilizer were remarkably affected to decrease of number of soil microorganisms. Specially, actinomycetes succession was appearently affects while plant growing time. 4. The number of identified soil bacterial species were obtained high in order of Bacillus sp.>Rhizobium sp.>Agrobacterium sp.>Pseudomonas sp. The number of Gram positive bacteria were superior than that of Gram negative bateria. 5. Interaction between microbial succession and crops cultivation, the number of Bacillus sp. was increased in hot pepper, Rhizobium sp. was in soybean, and sesame, and Agrobacterium sp. were increased in soybean, respectively. 6. Survival and habitate of soil microorganisms were differ with kinds of crop, application of residue and fertilizers. Most high number of Bacillus sp. Rhizobium sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were obtained on the rhizoplane and rhizosphere while Agrobacterium sp. and Fusarium sp. were high in rhizosphere. 7. Factors in relation to change of soil microbial population was obtained high in order of climates>crops>organic>matter>fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 1998

In an effort to reduce artifically the residual pesticides on crop and soil by accelerated photolysis,some 40 among the naturally occurring and synthetic coumpound were screened for photosensitization and/or photocatalysis and six promising chemicals were selected.The fungicides and the four selected photosensitizers and/or photocatalyst (PS) were applied to each crop.The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The wavelengths of maximum absortion (${\lambda}$max) and the molar absorptivites (${\varepsilon}$max) of procymidone,vinclozolin,and carbendazim in acentone were all 209 nm and 853,854,and 8740 respectively. 2. Of the 40 naturally-occuring and synthetic compounds screened,six promising ones were selected and designated as PS-1 (aromatic ketone),PS-2(aromatic amine)PS-3(quinone) ,PS-4 (inorganic compound),PS-5(organic acid salt) and PS-6(semiconductor photocatalyst). 3. In the accelerated photolysis of pesticide in soil by applying PS ,procymidone was decoposed rapidly by virtue of PS-2,being 59% of the control 3 days after application. 4. The vinclozolin residue in soil was reduced to 71% and 21% of the control 1 and 15 days,respectively,after PS-2 application. 5. The photolysis of carbendazim in soil was not accelerated by any of the PS tested. 6. The pesticide residues on the crop were prominently reduced by PS application.The procymidone residue on tomato was reduced to 47% of the control 15 days after PS-1 application and that on red pepper reduced to 57% 15 days after PS-2 application. 7. Vincrozolin residus remaining on tomato 1 and 15 days after PS-2 application were 38% and 56% of the control whereas those on the red pepper were 82% and 64%,respectively. 8. PS-2 was the most effective for the accelerated photolysis of carbendazim residues remaining on tomato, whereas on red pepper, the four of PS tested were all effective, but did not make much difference between them. This might be due to the shielding of sunlight by the leaves of red pepper not to exert the photosensitizing effect of PS-2 to the full.