• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2015

This paper deals with the effect of concrete target size on penetration of projectiles. We investigated the penetration depth and residual velocity of projectiles using the 2-D axial symmetric model. Most analysis were conducted with 13 kg projectile (striking velocity: 456.4 m/s) and concrete target with compressive strength of 39 MPa. This paper provided penetration depth (or residual velocity) versus ratio D/d (target diameter, D and projectile diameter, d). When the bottom of concrete cylinder was constrained, penetration depth converged to limit depth more than the ratio D/d of 36. The residual velocity of projectile with thin concrete target were investigated. The residual velocity was converged to specific velocity more than the ratio D/d of 16.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1340-1352
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• 2008

In this study, S-wave velocity range is gauged in every field test method at the total 5 locations in the marine deposits in Incheon area. field test method is accomplished the SPT(Standard Penetration Test), CPT(Cone Penetration Test), SPS(Suspension PS Logger), SCPT (Seismic Cone Penetration Test) and so on. The S-wave velocity of SCPT in the downhole test method is measured lower than SPS logger at the N value > 15 range. But at the N value < 15 range, SPS logger and SCPT result is measured same. In this result, although the soil strength of the downhole test method increased, the rate of S-wave velocity is tend to be slowed. This result shows that the downhole test is difficult to apply at the place that the intensity of soil is more extreme and harder soil. And it shows that the existing Imai(1982) type that is mostly used within the country is not suitable for the marine deposits. Thus, the empirical formula that can show the range of S-wave velocity in each N value for domestic soil is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.238-245
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• 2017

This paper deals with the scale effects of warhead on concrete penetration. We investigated the scale effects using finite element analysis and Young's penetration equation. As the scale of penetration test decreases, the strain rate effects of target increases, and then strength of concrete target increases. This means the residual velocity and penetration depth of warhead decreases as the test model size decreases. Young's penetration equations are transformed with various penetrator mass and scale cases as a function of scale ratio. Penetration distance and residual velocity are not simply changed by the geometric scaling law.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.267-272
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of face material on Ti/Al alloy laminates under high velocity impact, a ballistic testing was conducted. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by protection ballistic limit($V_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, were respectfully observed, by $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than $V_{50}$. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ tests with $0^{\circ}$obliquity were also done with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Resistance to penetration, and penetration modes which face material was Titanium alloy, were compared to those which face material was anodized Al alloy after cold-rolling.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of surface treatment (Anodizing) and rolling on AI 5083-H131 alloy, under hyper velocity impact, a ballistic testing was conducted. Ballistic resistance of these materials was measured by a protection ballistic limit ($V_{50}$)' a statistical velocity with 50% probability of penetration. Perforation behavior and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, were respectfully observed, by $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test at velocities greater than $V_{50}$. PTP tests were conducted with 0$^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectiles. $V_{50}$ tests with 0$^{\circ}$ obliquity were also done with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of Al 5052-H34 alloy were compared to those of Al 5083-H 131 alloy.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1999

The ballistic capability of an alumina-rich oxide armor ceramic against a shaped jet was characterized as a function of penetration depth in a layered target structure. The penetration resistance of the ceramic, based upon the determination of penetration velocity, was not equally realized throughout the depth of penetration. It was abnormally low at an early stage of penetration, followed by a sudden increase to reach ~16GPa thereafter. There was no apparent change in such a profile with respect to the lateral size of the specimen. Based upon 2-D flash x-ray radiography and 3-D Hull code simulation, the feasibility of forming a pressure-induced predamnaged zone in front of the jet tip was speculated to foster an increased penetration velocity in the initial stage penetration, resulting in the diminished penetration resistance. The disappearance of such a predamaged zone with penetration was interpreted to restore the resistance of the ceramic in the later penetration stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.20-24
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• 2012

Experimental studies were performed to investigate the eye injury risks by different BB pellet materials. Four different BB pellet materials were used: plastic (P), silicon (S), rubber (R) and plastic covered with silicon (SR). The BB pellet images penetrating into the gelatine simulant were recorded by a high-speed video camera. The results obtained from the different pellet materials were discussed in terms of impact velocity and penetration depth; threshold velocity and projectile sectional density; eye injury risks by normalized energies. It was found that the P pellets caused higher impact velocity while the lower was SR pellets. The penetration depth and threshold velocity of the pellets were dependent on the impact velocity of the pellets, and the P pellets resulted in the higher eye injury risk while the lower was SP.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.567-572
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• 2001

In order to investigate the fracture behaviors(penetration modes) and resistance to penetration during ballistic impact of Titanium alloy laminates and nitrified Titanium alloy laminates which were treated by PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition) method, ballistic tests were conducted. Evaporation, sputtering, and ion plating are three kinds of PVD method. In this research, Ion plating was used to achieve higher surface hardness and surface hardness test were conducted using a Micro vicker's hardness tester. Resistance to penetration is determined by the protection ballistic limit($V_{50}$), a statistical velocity with 50% probability for complete penetration. Fracture behaviors and ballistic tolerance, described by penetration modes, are respectfully observed at and above ballistic limit velocities, as a result of $V_{50}$ test and Projectile Through Plates (PTP) test methods. PTP tests were conducted with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature using 5.56mm ball projectile. $V_{50}$ test with $0^{\circ}$ obliquity at room temperature were conducted with projectiles that were able to achieve near or complete penetration during PTP tests. Surface hardness, resistance to penetration, and penetration modes of Titanium alloy laminates are compared to those of nitrified Titanium alloy laminates.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.573-583
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• 1994

In this study, the shock characteristics for high velocity impact phenomena during the initial shock state by the long rod penetrator are calculated. From these results we re-analyze the one-dimensional hydrodynamic penetration theory by introducing the effective area ratio calculated from the mushroomed strain which is dependent on impact velocity. Calculated penetration depth and mushroomed strain show good agreement with high velocity impact experimental data. In addition we visualize the shock wave propagation in a transparent acryle block.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.800-803
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• 2002

This investigation describes and analyses the experimental results proper to the penetration of Al5052-H34 alloy plates of thickness 6, 12 and 16mm(T/D＝1, 2, 3) by 5.56mm ball projectiles over the velocity range 350-750㎧. All the high velocity impact tests were carried out at normal impact angle, i.e. zero obliquity. The experimental results presented the variation of depth of penetration, bulge height and diameter, plugged length and diameter with the velocity fur tests on each plate of a given thickness in order to determine the deformation shapes of 5.56mm ball projectiles and targets. Also the protection ballistic limit($V_50$) tests were conducted.