• Title/Summary/Keyword: penetration pattern

Search Result 159, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

The Pattern of Penetration of US Films into Foreign Film Markets (타국영화산업에 대한 미국영화산업의 진입패턴)

  • Choi, Young Jun;Hwang, Yoon Seop
    • International Area Studies Review
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.135-149
    • /
    • 2008
  • This paper studies the determinants of the pattern of penetration of US films. The global dominance of US films has been an important issue. There has been several factors that make US films competitive global film market. Market size, large investment and political hegemony have been regarded as important determinants. But the number of varieties has not been considered, although the variety is important in the pattern of differentiated products such as films. This study is purposed to analyze the export pattern of US films and to find factors that affects the pattern of trade in films. The export pattern of US films to the seven leading countries in production of films is analyzed. The US tends to export more to the country with smaller number of films produced domestically. This paper concludes that number of films is the important determinant of the pattern of trades in US films.

Factors affecting waterproof efficiency of grouting in single rock fracture

  • Lee, Hang Bok;Oh, Tae-Min;Park, Eui-Seob;Lee, Jong-Won;Kim, Hyung-Mok
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
    • /
    • v.12 no.5
    • /
    • pp.771-783
    • /
    • 2017
  • Using a transparent fracture replica with aperture size and water-cement ratio (w/c), the factors affecting the penetration behavior of rock grouting were investigated through laboratory experiments. In addition, the waterproof efficiency was estimated by the reduction of water outflow through the fractures after the grout curing process. Penetration behavior shows that grout penetration patterns present similarly radial forms in all experimental cases; however, velocity of grout penetration showed clear differences according to the aperture sizes and water-cement ratio. It can be seen that the waterproof efficiency increased as the aperture size and w/c decreased. During grout injection or curing processes, air bubbles formed and bleeding occurred, both of which affected the waterproof ability of the grouting. These two phenomena can significantly prevent the successful performance of rock grouting in field-scale underground spaces, especially at deep depth conditions. Our research can provide a foundation for improving and optimizing the innovative techniques of rock grouting.

Effect of Heat Flux on the Melting Efficiency and Penetration Shape in TIG Welding (TIG 용접에서 열유속이 용융효율과 용입형상에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Dong-Soo;Cho, Sang-Myung
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
    • /
    • v.27 no.2
    • /
    • pp.44-50
    • /
    • 2009
  • The characteristics of arc pressure, current density and heat flux distribution are important factors in understanding physical arc phenomena, which will have a marked effect on the penetration, size and shape of a weld in TIG welding. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the heat flux on the melting efficiency and penetration shape in TIG welding using the results of the previous investigators. The conclusions obtained permit to draw a proper method which derived the heat flux distributions by arc pressure distribution measurements, but previous researchers calculated heat flux and current distribution with the heat intensity measurements by the calorimetry. Heat flux of Ar gas arc was concentrated at the central part and distributed low from the arc axis to the radial direction, that of He mixing arc was lower than that of Ar gas, and it was wide distributed to radial direction. That showed a similar characteristic with the Nestor's by calorimetry calculated values. Throughout heat flux drawn in this study was discussed melting efficiency and penetration shape on Ar gas and He mixing gas arc.

Characteristics of Feeding Behavior of the Rice Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, Using Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) Technique on Different Rice Varieties (EPG를 이용한 벼 재배품종별 벼멸구의 섭식행동특성)

  • Kim, N.S.;Seo, M.J.;Youn, Y.N.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.44 no.3 s.140
    • /
    • pp.177-187
    • /
    • 2005
  • For the comparison of feeding behavior of Nilaparvata lugens among different rice varieties, electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used. Ten rice varieties were selected from national-widely recommended rice varieties cultivating in Chungnam province. The correlation between feeding duration and honeydew amount excreted was investigated, and the types of EPG pattern were analyzed among rice varieties. The EPG patterns divided into 6 types according to electrical specific feature, respectively. Type 1 pattern was a searching feeding sites, resting or wandering on a rice plant. Type 2 pattern was appeared when the insect untaken from phloem sieve element. Type 3 pattern was observed when the insect piercing into the rice plant. Type 4 pattern was observed when the insect salivating in rice plant. Type 5 pattern was observed when the insect ingesting from the xylem. Type 6 pattern was observed when the stylet moving in cell. Feeding duration time on Gum-nam was significantly shorter than Dong-jin, Dae-ahn, Dong-ahn, Dae-san. Also, on Gun-nam, it was shown that the brown planthopper did not penetrate the cuticle for a long time. The total number of excreted honeydew droplets by the brown planthopper was the greatest in Dong-jin variety and the least in Gum-nam variety. In proportion to phloem feeding time, the number of honeydew droplets had been increased. According to the results of EPG patterns and honeydew droplets analysis, N. lugens seems to prefer Dong-jin, Dong-ahn, Dae-san, and Dae-ahn to Gum-nam, Da-san, and Nam-chun rice plant variety.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of $Al/Al_2O_3$ composites by reactive metal penetration method (반응 금속 침투법에 의한 $Al/Al_2O_3$복합체의 제조 및 기계적 특성)

  • 윤영훈;홍상우;최성철
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
    • /
    • v.11 no.6
    • /
    • pp.239-245
    • /
    • 2001
  • $Al/Al_2O_3$composites were prepared from the reaction of mullite preforms and amorphous silica in aluminum melt at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. The chemical reaction between mullite preform and aluminum melt has formed the interconnected microstructure. The metal content of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite was controlled with the variable of the apparent porosity according to the sintering temperature of mullite preforms; $1600^{\circ}C$,$ 1625^{\circ}C$, $1650^{\circ}C$ and $1700^{\circ}C$, the mechanical properties of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite were investigated upon the content of Al. The mullite preform sintered above $1600^{\circ}C$ showed the chemical reaction with the penetrated Al melt, but the mullite sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ didnt react with aluminum melt owing to the non-wetting of Al melt/mullite preform. The influences of penetration direction on the mechanical properties of composites were considered with the two different models of the perpendicular pattern and the parallel pattern to the direction of Al melt penetration. With the increase of Al metal penetration content, the fracture strength of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite decreased and the fracture toughness of composite increased. The microstructure of $Al/Al_2O_3$composite was determined by the direction of metal penetration, but the fracture strength and fracture toughness of composite didnt show the dependence on metal penetration direction.

  • PDF

Analysis of Pattern for Indonesian Traditional Textile Design (인도네시아 전통직물 디자인의 패턴 분석)

  • Koo Hee-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.83-94
    • /
    • 2005
  • This paper is to analyze patterns for Indonesian traditional textiles. Ikat is the resist-dyeing process in which designs are reserved in warp or weft yams by tying off small bundles of threads with fiber resists to prevent the penetration of dye. Batik is the technique applying a wax resist before dyeing to form a pattern in negative. Ikat and batik are the most renowned textile arts of Indonesia. Patterns are classified as geometric pattern, plant pattern, animal pattern. Also this paper discusses the origins of ikat and batik. Therefore this Paper proposes the classification and feature extraction of ikat and batik patterns. The results of this study can be effectively applied to develop competitive pattern design for Indonesian textile market.

  • PDF

Simulated Distribution Characteristics of Surface Temperature on Irradiating of a Laser

  • Lee, Young-Wook;Yeon, Sang-Ho
    • International Journal of Contents
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.16-19
    • /
    • 2009
  • In this paper, we concern about the distribution characteristics of surface temperature by the increment of time, diffusivity and heat flux on irradiating of a laser. The penetration depth corresponding to the induced constant heat flux or irradiated laser, is simulated by a computer algorithm. The distribution of temperature versus penetration depth for the variation of time and diffusivity is characterized at the constant heat flux and on irradiating of a laser. The temperature of constant heat flux at the fixed diffusivity or time, is decreased by the pattern of exponential function as the time t or diffusivity a is increased (a=10, 100, 1000). The temperature of constant heat flux is not changed but exponentially fixed with the increasing diffusivity and the fixed time. On the other hand, the temperature of laser at the fixed diffusivity or time is decreased linearly. Our results show that the characteristics of the simulated surface temperature in a semi-infinite solid are similar to the graphs on theoretical consideration.

The Computer Simulation of Ink Penetration in the Gravure (그라비어에서 잉크 침투의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션)

  • Youn, Jong-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.45-56
    • /
    • 2010
  • The computer simulation is presented of gravure ink transferring behavior and penetration to the paper when an gravure roller is used to transfer a printing ink onto a substrate. The three dimensional unsteady ink motion is simulated by Polyflow package software and experimented by IGT gravure printing test machine. The simulation is performed where the flow domain is bounded above by a stress free surface and bounded below by a moving substrate. Specific predictions are made for particular pattern of cells and substrates. Cell size and ink rheological properties are found to be the principal determination of transferring behavior. Simulation is currently restricted to the flow domain beneath the receding meniscus. Both Newtonian and shear thinning inks are considered.

Analysis of EM Penetration Problems in Complex Structures Using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD 방법을 이용한 복잡한 구조물에서의 전자파 침투 특성 해석)

  • 김병남;채찬병;박성욱;이형수
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.68-75
    • /
    • 2000
  • In this paper, we analyzed the radiation patterns of a monopole antenna mounted on cylinder and EM penetration problems in the complex structures by using FDTD method associated with 3-D PML absorbing boundary condition. In order to validate the proposed FDTD code, the radiation patterns of monopole antenna mounted on cylinders were compared with the exact Carter's solutions. As a results, the predicted radiation pattern exhibited excellent agreement with exact solution. And the FDTD code is applied to analyze the EM penetration problems in complex structures, Blackhawk helicopter. As the plane wave is excited, a significant amount of energy penetrates the helicopter structure, and it is dependent on aperture/airframe interface.

  • PDF

Effects of Oxygen Contents in Shielding Gas on the Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steel GTA Weld (페라이트계 스테인리스강 GTA 용접부 특성에 미치는 보호가스 중 산소의 영향)

  • Lee, Won-Bae;Uhm, Sang-Ho;Woo, In-Su
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
    • /
    • v.28 no.5
    • /
    • pp.93-98
    • /
    • 2010
  • The properties of GTA weld for ferritic stainless steel have been studied with different $O_2$ contents in Ar shielding gas at the constant welding speed. A small amount of $O_2$ (0.01~1.0%) was mixed in Ar shielding gas in order to improve the weld penetration. The fully penetrated GTA weld was acquired at 160A weld current shielded by pure Ar gas. Addition of oxygen larger than 0.1% made a full penetration at lower weld current than 160A. The small addition of $O_2$ in Ar shielding gas improved the penetration properties of GTA weld because the $O_2$ in the molten pool accelerated the flow of molten pool and changed the flow pattern from outward to inward direction. The impact energy and DBTT (Ductile- Brittle- Transition-Temperature) of the GTA weld shielded by Ar+$O_2$ (less 0.3%) was similar and the corrosion properties of GTA weld was slightly inferior to those of GTA weld shielded by pure Ar gas.