• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2009

Background: The FimA of Porphyromonas gingivalis is a crucial pathogenic component of the bacteria and has been implicated as a target for vaccine development against the periodontal diseases. Methods: In this study, the purified fimbriae (FimA subunit polymers) protein was used for immunization in their native form and B hybridoma clones producing antibodies specific to FimA were established. Results: The monoclonal antibodies prepared from selected two clones, designated #123 (IgG2b/ kappa) and #265 (IgG1/kappa), displayed different patterns of binding activity against the cognate antigen. Both antibodies reacted with conformational epitopes expressed by partially dissociated oligomers, but not with monomer as elucidated by Western blot analysis. Ascites fluid containing the monoclonal antibodies showed the inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads, an in vitro model for the pellicle-coated tooth surface. Conclusion: These results suggest that the monoclonal antibodies could be used as vaccine material against the periodontal diseases through passive immunization.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1997

발효시켜서 만드는 감식초에서 시료를 채취하여 배양하고, pellicle을 형성하는 single colony를 cellulose 생합성균으로 분리하였다. 분리된 균주는 형태적 특성, 알콜의 재산화 등의 생리, 생화학적 특성 등에 의하여 Acetobacter속으로 분류되었으며, Acetobacter CBI-2라고 명명하였다. Acetobacter CBI-2는 정치배양 시에 기존의 생합성 균주로 알려진 Acetobacter xylinum과 대등한 cellulose 생합성 능력을 나타내었다. Acetobacter CBI-2이 생성한 고분자물질의 분해산물을 TLC법으로 확인한 결과 기존 cellulose의 것과 일치하였다. Acetobacter CBI-2에서 genomic DNA를 분리 정제하여 cel A 영역을 probe로하여 hybridization 시킨 결과, 상동성을 나타내어 분리 균주에는 cellulose 생합성 관련 유전자가 존재함을 나타내었다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

The cytological and ultrastructural findings of Pneumocystis carinii(PC) obtained from rats by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are described. All developmental forms of the PC organisms were obtained in the lavage fluid. Papanicolaou stain revealed conglomeration of PC as a foamy cast. The cystic walls of PC were well identified on Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Trophozoites and intracystic bodies were stained by Giemsa and Diff-Quik techniques. Some PC organisms were seen within the alveolar macrophages. Ultrastructurally, the cysts were almost circular in shape, and were nearly devoid of surface tubular extensions. The wall of the cyst was composed of an unit membrane, an intermediate electron lucent layer and an external electron dense layer The cysts frequently contained intracystic bodies, so called sporozoites. Occasionally empty or collapsed cysts with no intracystic bodies, and precysts were found. Trophozoites were variable in size and shape with abundant tubular extensions along the single electron dense pellicle. BAL is a useful method for concentrating the various morphologic forms of PC organisms, and is a rapid diagnostic method for PC pneumonia.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2019

In the present study, we aimed to determine the cause of surface film formation in three rice vinegars fermented using the traditional static fermentation method. The pH and total acidity of vinegar were 3.0-3.3 and 3.0-8.7%, respectively, and acetic acid was the predominant organic acid present. Colonies showing a clear halo on GYC medium were isolated from the surface film of all vinegars. Via 16S rDNA sequencing, all of the isolates were identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus. Furthermore, field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the bacterial cells had a rough surface, were rod-shaped, and were ${\sim}1{\times}2{\mu}m$ in size. Interestingly, cells of the isolate from one of the vinegars were surrounded with an extremely fine threadlike structure. Thus, our results suggest that formation of the surface film in rice vinegar was attributable not to external contamination, to the production of bacterial cellulose by A. pasteurianus to withstand the high concentrations of acetic acid generated during fermentation. However, because of the formation of a surface film in vinegar is undesirable from an industrial perspective, further studies should focus on devising a modified fermentation process to prevent surface film formation and consequent quality degradation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 1996

청주의 주질을 향상시키기 위한 전보의 연구에서, 유용효모로서 분리된 균주에 대하여 균학적 성질을 조사하고, 일부의 사항에 대하여는 일본청주효모와 그 특성을 비교하였다. 분리효모 KP-16, KP-21 및 KP-54 균주는 모두 saccharomyces cerevisae로 동정되었고, TTC 염색성이 pink계이었다. 맥아즙 배지에서의 피막(被膜) 형성능은 KP-16 및 KP-21 균주는 약하였으나, KP-54균주는 강하였다. 당의 발효성과 탄소원의 자화성은 KP-16과 KP-21 균주는 동일하였고, KP-54 균주는 다소 달랐다. 분리효모는 모두 ${\alpha}-methyl-D-glucoside$를 발효도 자화도 하지 못하였으며, 이는 현재 사용되고 있는 일본청주효모와 다른 점 중의 하나였다. 비타민 요구성에 있어서 분리균주는 모두 biotin과 pantothenate를 요구하였으며, biotin을 요구하는 점은 일본청주효모와는 다른 특성이었다. 내알코올성은 분리균주 모두 일본청주효모 K-7및 K-9균주보다 강하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the most important bacteria in the formation of dental plaque and dental caries. S. mutans adheres to an acquired pellicle formed on the tooth surface, and aggregates with many oral bacteria. It initiates plaque formation by synthesizing glucan from sucrose, which is catalyzed by glucosyltransferases. Propolis is a resinous mixture produced by honeybees, by mixing saliva and beeswax with secretions gathered from wood sap and flower pollen. Bees prevent pathogenic invasions by coating the propolis to the outer and inner surface of the honeycomb. Propolis has traditionally been used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma and dermatitis. We investigated the inhibitory effects of propolis ethanol extract on biofilm formation and gene expression of S. mutans. The biofilm formation of S. mutans was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining. We observed that the extract of propolis had an inhibitory effect on the formation of S. mutans biofilms at concentrations higher than 0.2 mg/ml. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the gene expression of biofilm formation, such as gbpB, spaP, brpA, relA and vicR of S. mutans, was significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. The ethanol extract of propolis showed concentration dependent growth inhibition of S. mutans, and significant inhibition of acid production at concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml, compared to the control group. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of propolis inhibits gene expression related to biofilm formation in S. mutans.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 1999

The present study was performed to investigate the binding between salivary proteins(low-molecular-weight mucin;MG2, amylase, proline-rich proteins;PRPs) and oral pathogens(Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus) by using solid-phase assay. In the case of transferring proteins to Immobilon-P, S. gordonii binds to MG2. A. viscosus binds to MG2, amylase, and PRPs, and S. aureus binds to MG2 and amylase. On nitrocellulose membrane, S, gordonii and A. viscosus bind to MG2, amylase, and PRPs. S. aureus binds to MG2 and PRPs. However, rabbit anti-A. viscosus antisera and rabbit anti-S. aureus antisera showed cross reactivity to PRPs adsorbed to only nitrocellulose membrane in negative control experiments, which were done without bacterial overlay. The results were different according to the membrane used as solid-phase, which reflected the assay-sensitive nature of binding experiment. PRPs and amylase are known to be components of tooth enamel pellicle. In addition, there was experimental evidence that PRPs and MG2 may covalently bind to oral mucosal epithelium. Considering above facts, the results of the present study can provide information on the interactions between salivary proteins and oral bacteria on tooth and oral mucosal surfaces.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1150-1154
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• 2003

식초공장에서 Acetobacter pasteruianus로 정치배양중인 식초 생산과정과 숙성중인 현미식초를 오염시켜 균막을 형성한 것으로부터 균을 분리하여 식초를 오염시키는 균의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 공장에서 식초제품을 생산하거나 가정에서 식초제품을 사용할 경우에 오염을 일으키는 초산균의 생육에 관하여 배양조건 및 생육억제 방법을 검토하였다. 초산균에 오염되어 균막이 형성된 식초로부터 초산균을 분리하여 형태학적, 배양적 및 생리학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Acetobacter속에 포함됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정치배양 기간 동안에 셀룰로오스 생산량을 확인하고자 14일간 배양한 결과 두꺼운 셀룰로오스를 생성하여 Acetobacter xylinum으로 판단되었으며 7%이상의 초산농도와 10%의 에탄올농도, 1.5%의 NaCl농도, $10^{\circ}C$ 이하와 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 생육할 수 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.170-180
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• 1997

Cariogenicity of the bacteria is attributed to their binding capacity to the teeth. Bacterial attachment to oral surfaces is an essential step for colonization and subsequently infection. Therefore, it is conceivable that caries prevention can be achieved fundamentally by inhibition of bacterial attachment. The rationale for caries prevention through the use of sugar substitutes or limited use of sugar has been revealed. Among many sugar substitutes, xylitol has been shown to exhibit the most profound cariostatic effect, inhibiting glucose metabolism and possibly binding of mutans streptococci. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of xylitol on binding of different species of oral bacteria. The effect of xylitol on binding of [$^3H$]-labeled oral bacteria to hydroxyapatite coated with human saliva(SHA) as a model for the pellicle-coated tooth surfaces was investigated. The strains of oral bacteria used in this study were A. viscosus T14V, A. viscosus WVU627, P. gingivaiis 2561, P. gingivalis A7Al-28, S. gordonii G9B, S. gordonii Challis, S. sobrinus 6715, S. mutans UA101, S. mutans KPSK -2, S. mutans T8, and S. mutans UA130. The obtained results were as follows: 1. P. gingivalis A7 Al-28, S. mutans UA130, S. mutans T8 grown with xylitol showed greater binding to SHA than the organism grown without xylitol. Among these, S. mutans T8 showed the greatest rate of increase in its binding to SHA ; 8-fold increase in its binding with xylitol. 2. S. mutans KPSK -2 grown with xylitol showed 2 times lesser binding to SHA than the organism grown without xylitol. 3. Binding ability of the remaining strains grown with xylitol to SHA was almost same as that of the organisms grown without xylitol. The overall results suggest that use of xylitol in the oral cavity may affect the complex oral bacterial ecosystem.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 국내산 감귤과즙을 이용하여 고기능성 세균 셀룰로오스를 대량생산하기 위해 감귤과즙으로부터 감귤 내성의 Gluconacetobacter hansenii TL-2C를 선별한 후 pilot 시설을 이용하여 감귤겔을 대량 생산할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 유기산의 약 80%가 citric acid로 내성균의 분리가 부득이한 것으로 판정되어, 겔 발효균의 모체인 tea fungus에서 G. hanenii TF-2를 분리, 여기에 UV를 조사하여 TL-2를 분리한 후, 감귤배지에서 반복배양하여 citrate내성균인 G. hansenii TL-2C를 분리하였다. 감귤농축액 100배 희석액에 initial sucrose 함량 10%(w/v), ethanol 1%(v/v) 을 첨가한 배양액에 종균을 5%(w/v)접종하였다. 대형 4각의 FRP 용기에 뚜껑을 덮고 과즙의 높이를 26 mm로 충진하였으며, $30^{\circ}C$ 배양실에서 14일간 정치배양한 후 세로 360 mm,가로 650 mm, 두께 25 mm 이상의 대형 겔을 지속적으로 생산할 수 있었다.