• 아동학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

Peer status, friendship, and school adjustment were measured for 326 third and fourth graders (171 boys, 155 girls). School adjustment was assessed by academic performance, and social behaviors were rated by teachers while attitudes toward school were reported by children. Examination of the relative contributions of peer status and friendship to school adjustment revealed both unique and joint explanations. Children's academic performance was mainly explained by peer status; popular children had higher performance than rejected children. Attitudes toward school were more positive for children who reported higher friendship quality. Prosocial behaviors were higher for the popular group and for children with more stable reciprocal friends; aggressive behaviors were higher for the rejected group and competitive children with close friends; withdrawal behaviors were higher for the neglected group and children with few reciprocal friends.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2010

The current study examined the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and peer relations on the emotional, behavioral, and comorbid disorder symptoms among low-low-SES children, using the Young Lives Survey: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 1, 2002. Participants were 1,000 8-year-old children (502 boys and 498 girls) from low-low-SES families. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-tests, post hoc test (Scheffe's method), correlations, and multiple logistic regression analyses according to the analysis strategy. There was a moderate correlation between selected socio-demographic variables and emotional/behavioral disorder symptoms, and the caregiver's marital status, child's health compared to others, child's work status corresponded to significant differences in their emotional/behavior levels. Regarding the logistic regression analysis, in addition to the effects of socio-demographic variables reflecting the characteristics of less-developed countries, marital status, child's working status, and conflicts with peers proved to be detrimental to emotional, behavioral, or comorbid disorder symptoms in low-SES children, who have been lack quality parenting, social resources, and child human rights. Results indicated the need to develop health care services that would address those problems and appropriate intervention and prevention programs targeting children in low-income families. Moreover, careful assessment and intervention for child's health status, child's working status and peer relationship problems are suggested as possible strategies for helping children at risk of exhibiting further problematic behaviors.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2011

본 연구는 사회성측정을 사용하여 선별한 5가지 또래지위 집단의 교우관계문제에 어떤 차이가 있는 지를 알아보는데 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 경남지역 소재 9개 초등학교의 5, 6학년 551명을 대상으로 안이환(2007)이 개발한 사회성측정과 정혜원(2007)이 개발한 교우관계문제 검사를 실시하여 5개의 또래지위 집단별 교우관계문제의 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 또래지위 집단에 따른 8가지 교우관계문제 영역의 점수를 비교하기 위해 다변량 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구에 포함된 551명의 아동을 사회성 지위를 분석한 결과 평범아동(319명, 57.9%), 인기아동(111명, 20.1%), 배척아동(70명, 12.9%), 양면성 아동(41명, 7.4%), 무시된 아동(10명, 1.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 또래지위에 따른 교우관계문제검사의 요인별 평균점수를 비교한 결과 아동의 또래지위에 따라 교우관계문제에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 특히 인기아동 집단은 통제지배, 자기중심성, 냉담, 비주장성이 5가지 또래지위 유형 중 가장 낮게 나타났고 배척아동 집단은 사회적 억제, 비주장성, 자기희생이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동의 또래지위 집단에 따라 교우관계문제검사 프로파일에 확연한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 인기아동 집단의 프로파일이 가장 작게, 배척아동 집단의 프로파일이 가장 크게 나타나는 특성을 보였으며 교우관계문제의 하위요인에서 배척아동이 인기아동보다 사회적 억제와 비주장성이 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인기아동 집단이 다른 집단에 비해 또래관계 문제가 적음을 시사되었다.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.223-241
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 사회적 성취목표의 세 가지 유형을 기반으로 초등학생의 사회적 성취목표를 잠재집단으로 분류하고, 각 집단이 또래지위와 공격성에서 어떠한 차이점이 있는지를 탐색하는 것이다. 사회적 성취목표와 사이버 공격성은 자기보고 방식으로, 또래지위와 외현적 공격성과 대인관계 공격성은 또래지명 방식으로 측정하였다. 사회적 성취목표는 사회적 숙달목표와 사회적 수행접근목표, 사회적 수행회피목표로 나누었으며, 또래지위는 지각된 인기와 사회적 선호로, 공격성은 외현적 공격성, 대인관계 공격성, 사이버 공격성으로 구분하였다. 전체 연구 대상은 클래스넷 4차년도 자료 중 학년 비율을 고려해 무작위 추출한 초등학생 1,239명(남 633명, 여 606명)이다. 잠재프로파일 분석을 이용해 사회적 성취목표 유형을 분류한 결과 세 집단이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 성취목표의 세 집단은 각각 '숙달지향 성취목표형(184명, 14.9%)', '평균 성취목표형(852명, 68.8%)', '고사회적 성취목표형(203명, 16.4%)'으로 명명되었다. 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용해 또래지위 및 공격성 간의 관련성을 살펴본 결과 1차 시기 사회적 선호가 높을수록 고사회적 성취목표형 집단에 속할 확률이 낮았고, 사이버 공격성이 높을수록 숙달지향 성취목표형 집단에 속할 확률이 낮았다. 또한 2차 시기 대인관계 공격성이 높을수록 평균 성취목표형 집단보다 고사회적 성취목표형 집단에 속할 확률이 높았다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2013

In this paper, we examine factors of success in online P2P (peer-to-peer) lending auctions. This paper finds the following empirical results. First, loan applicants with a stable employment status are more likely to succeed in the auction than loan applicants with an unstable employment status. Second, loan applicants, who actively share personal information and interact with lenders through online message boards, are likely to succeed in the auction. Third, the purpose of a loan for debt repayment has a significant impact on the success of the auction. However, the purpose of a loan for essential living expenses such as housing, living, and medical expenses has an insignificant relationship with the success of the auction. Our results imply that the characteristics of loan applicants such as employment status and social interaction are the factors of success in online P2P lending auctions.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support (family, healthcare provider, friends/peer), treatment belief, hope, and health status in patients on hemodialysis, and to identify direct and indirect effects of the variables on patients' health status. Methods: The self-regulation model was used to establish a path model. Data were collected from 240 patients. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: The model was supported by fit statistics ($x^2=3.33$, p=.343, GFI .995, RMSEA .021, AGFI .968, NFI .986, CFI .999, TLI .993). Family and friends/peer support showed a significant direct influence on hope, while healthcare provider support directly influenced treatment belief. Social support, treatment belief, and hope directly and indirectly influenced health status, explaining 28.7% of the variance. Conclusion: These results show mechanisms underlying connections between social support and health status by demonstrating impact of social support and showing treatment belief and hope as mediators between social context and outcomes. To promote health of patients on hemodialysis, it is necessary for patient, family, healthcare professional, and friends to collaborate.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of educational theater on 5-years-old children, and more specifically, to find out whether the effects of the theater on children's peer acceptance and self-esteem are different by peer social statuses, that are, popular, average, and neglected/rejected Fifty seven children participated in this study and were evaluated with the Sociometric Test (Coie & Dodge, 1983). The experimental subgroup (N=28) participated in the programmed educational theater for 9 sessions. The dependent variables were measured by the peer acceptance items of Sociometric Test as well as the Self-Perception Profile based on SPPC (Halter, 1985), and the same tests were administered twice, before and after the experiment. Covariance analyses showed significant differences between experimental and control groups, for the children in the neglected/rejected category, in peer acceptance and social acceptance dimension of self-esteem. Global self-worth among children of popular and average categories, and total self-esteem among children of average category were also improved by the theater program. These results imply that educational theater programs can be used effectively to promote young children's social adjustment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3483-3489
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• 2013

Background: To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were 2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools of Kinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; never smokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. Results: In the sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and 3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends' smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number of relatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence of parent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absence of home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our results highlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.153-173
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• 2011

본 연구는 초등학교 5, 6학년생을 대상으로 외현적, 관계적 공격성과 사회적 선호도 또는 지각된 인기도의 관계에서, 친사회적 행동이나 사회적 유능성이 조절효과를 보이는지를 알아보기 위해 남녀 집단별로 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 남녀 모두에서 공격성은 유형과 상관없이 사회적 선호도를 일관되게 낮추었으며, 친사회적 행동을 많이 하거나 사회적 유능성이 높다고 해도 이러한 부적 효과를 상쇄하지는 않았다. 한편, 남학생의 경우 외현적 공격성은 지각된 인기도를 유의하게 증가시켰고, 비일관적이긴 하지만 관계적 공격성 역시 인기도와 유의한 정적 관련성을 보였다. 여학생의 경우 관계적 공격성만이 지각된 인기도를 증가시켰다. 특히 남학생의 경우 공격성과 지각된 인기도의 관계가 친사회적 행동이나 사회적 유능성 등의 긍정적 속성들에 의해 조절되면서, 높은 공격성으로 인해 또래들로부터 거부되거나 선호도가 떨어지기는 하지만 또래집단 내에서 사회적 영향력이나 명망은 더욱 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 공격성이 또래집단 내에서 사회적 우위를 차지하기 위해 전략적으로 사용될 수 있음을 고려하여 새로운 개입방법을 모색할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2008

This study explored gender differences in social status, acceptance/rejection, perceived popularity, social emotions, avoidance and anxiety by participant roles in bullying situations. Subjects were 215 6th grade children. Instruments were the Participant Roles (Sutton & Smith, 1999), Peer Nomination (Coie & Dodge, 1983 Cillessen & Mayeux, 2004), Social Avoidance and Social Anxiety (Franke & Hymel, 1984) scales. Results showed that more boys than girls were in pro-bullying participant role groups; more girls than boys were in outsider groups. Boy pro-bullies were high in social rejection. Boy defenders were high in popularity and low in social avoidance. Boy outsiders had high social anxiety. Girl victims had low social status, low social acceptance and lowest perceived popularity; they were high in social avoidance and social rejection.