• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2000

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin purified from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla, Betulaceae. The effects of pedunculagin on the immune system have been characterized to induce enhancement of NK (natural killer) cell cytotoxicities against tumor cells. The present study investigated whether pedunculagin can enhance macrophage cytotoxicity against P8l5 tumor cells. Macrophage cultured with pedunculagin enhanced cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner In addition, the same treatments increased NO production, which plays important roles in the immune system. liken together these results demonstrate that pedunculagin significantly enhances cytolytic activities of macrophage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2000

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin purified from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla. Betulaceae. The effects of pedunculagin on immune system have been characterized to induce enhancement of NK (natural killer) cell cytotoxicities against tumor cells. Here, we report the evaluation of the effects of pedunculagin on the growth of murine Bl6-F10 melanoma in vivo. After the intradermal inoculation of Bl6-F10 melanoma, Bl6-F10 tumors grew progressively in immunocompetent syngenic C57BL/6 mice. The mice treated with pedunculagin(10 mg/kg, every 48 hrs) resulted in a significant improvement in survival. Inhibitory effects of pedunculagin on lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice were also detected. Summarizing treatment with pedunculagin has a significant antitumor effect upon Bl6-F10 murine melanoma.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.477-481
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• 2002

Ellagitannins have been reported to enhance the immune system. In this study, the effects of pedunculagin on langerhans cells were examined. Pedunculagin, an ellagitannin from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla. Betulaceae, is a novel immunomodulator. Langerhans cell are known as the potent antigen presenting cell and elicit the Contact Hypersensitivity (CHS) response by presenting Ag to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. For determining the effects af pedunculagin on murine langerhans cell, the expression of TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA was examined by RT-PCR. As a result, the expression of TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA was upregulated by pedunculagin. These results suggest that pedunculagin enhances TNF-$\alpha$ and could be used as an immunomodulator in skin immune system.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.472-476
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• 2002

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) serves as a good model of cell-mediated reaction. Epidermal langerhans cell (LC) are thought to playa crucial role in the regulation of immune reaction of the skin, which elicit the CHS response by presenting Antigen to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. However, contact hypersensitivity is regarded as a negative side of immunities, caused by increased damaging immune response. Therefore, the study of effector molecule causing immune suppression is thought to be meaningful in the skin immune response. For this aim, this study investigated the influence of pedunculagin on cytokine, IL-$\beta$ expression from langerhans cell (LC). In vitro and in vivo, pedunculagin up-regulated the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA. After PMA stimulation in vitro and DNFB sensitization in vivo, the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA was down-regulated. This results suggested that pedunculagin could be immuno-modulator in skin immune system by modulating IL-1$\beta$ expression.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.476-479
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• 1994

Five pohenolic compounds were isolated from 80% aq. acetone extract of Duchesnea chyrysantha. Their crytotoxicities were screened by the colorimetric tetrazolium assay (MIT assay). Gallic acid, methyl caffeate, protocatechuic acid and pedunculagin mildly inhibited the survival of $PC_{14}{\;}and{\;}MKN_{45}$ human cancer cell. Brevifolin carboxylic acid showed a strong cytotoxic activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 1995

As a part of trials to develop the antitumor agent from tannins isolated from plants, the antitumor activity of peduculagin, an ellagitannin, isolated from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla was examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the cytotoxicity was determined by 0.4% typanblue dye exclusion method. peduculagin showed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K-562), human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), mouse lymphoid neoplasm (P388), mouse lymphocytic leukemia (L1210) and mouse sarcoma 180(S180) cell lines. $ED_{50}\; values\; (ED_{50})$ of each cell line were 5.30, 0.92, 2.78, 9.35 and $1.38 \mug/ml$ respectively. The most sensitive cell line was HL-60. In vivo, pedunculagin was administered to ICR mouse with the doses of 50 and $100{\;}{\mu}g/ml$intraperitoneally once at 20 days before S180 inoculation. peduculagin showed the antitumor activity and its T/C ratio (%) was 120.82% in the group of both concentrations.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.183-185
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• 2002

To investigate skin whitening natural substances, the effects on melanogenesis by measuring the tyrosinase activity and the melanin contents of three hydrolysable tannins, $1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ (1), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose (2) and pedunculagin (3) in B16 melanoma cells were examined. $1,2,6-Tri-O-galloyl-{\beta}-D-glucose$ (1), 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose (2) and pedunculagin (3) inhibited tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.198.3-199
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.198.1-198.1
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• 2001