• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2019

Video Incident Detection System is a detection system for the purpose of detection of an emergency in an unexpected situation such as a pedestrian in a tunnel, a falling object, a stationary vehicle, a reverse run, and a fire(smoke and flame). In recent years, the importance of the city center has been emphasized by the construction of underpasses in great depth underground space. Therefore, in order to apply Video Incident Detection System to a Double Deck Tunnel, it was developed to reflect the design characteristics of the Double Deck Tunnel. and In this paper especially, the fire detection technology, which is not it is difficult to apply to the Double Deck Tunnel environment because it is not supported on existing Video Incident Detection System or has a fail detect, we propose fire detection using color image analysis, silhouette spread, and statistical properties, It is verified through a real fire test in a double deck tunnel test bed environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.801-807
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• 2008

This study attempts to evaluate and compare the land consumption efficiencies of various urban transport modes, utilizing the time-area method. With the careful considerations of travel conditions and modal characteristics, equations for the computation of time-area for various different modes are derived. With the appropriate assumed values of parameters, time-area consumptions per person per km for each mode both for peak and off-peak situations are computed and evaluated. The relationships between the time-area consumed and operating speed for each mode are graphically demonstrated and discussed. An example of the time-area consumed for a hypothetical commuter round-trip using various modes are also presented in order to clearly show the consumption of parking requirements by specific modes. It shows that regardless of facilities used, auto users are by far the worst in terms of area efficiency and that transit, especially rail rapid transit, is a superior mode. Pedestrian and bicycle, though consuming more than expected, also demonstrate the advantage in case of a short-distance trip in terms of area efficiency compared with the bus transit modes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

In Korea, the number of crash accident victims per 100,000 population is three times higher than the average of OECD. In particular, 60% of it occurs on the community road. Thus, this study intends to analyze the causes of such accidents through a pedestrian and vehicle traffic survey. The purpose is to establish practical safety enhancement measures for community roads. In recent years, lots of changes have occurred in the pedestrian environment. A traffic survey shows that 65% of pedestrians walk on the right and 17% of people use smart-phones while walking. An eye camera experiment shows that the operation load of drivers on the community roads is more than 4 times higher than those in urban roads. According to a speed survey, 62% of vehicles drive at 30km/h or above. The characteristics of accidents on community roads are as follows. First, the ratio of accidents on the edge of the road is 2.3 times as high as those on other roads. Second, when people walk on the right, the ratio of accidents is 2.5 times as high as that of walking on the left. Third, it becomes more dangerous when people cross the road from the right to the left. The majority of accidents is caused by unsafe driving (84.4%). When a vehicle makes a left turn, the likelihood of accidents is 2.3 times as high as those caused by a right turn. The ratio of accidents caused by vehicles going backwards is 14% among all accidents. In community roads, the focus of drivers should be at least 4 times higher than those on urban roads. Thus, walking in the opposite direction of vehicles and careless behaviors are highly likely lead to accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.785-793
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• 2017

The guidelines for the district unit planning(DUP) of detached houses in the area of Misagangbyeon-City (MISA) do not consider the characteristics of the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the blocks and parking lots of the detached houses area. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1) Detailed design guidelines are provided for apartment homes in MISA, but not for detached houses. 2) Apartment home and multi-family house parking lot equivaluation calculations exist in the DUP guidelines, however there are no regulations related to detached houses and the problem of parking for these residents is worsening which causes tension. 3) The DUP guidelines stipulate that the outer wall material of multi-family houses must be glass, however this is a dangerous material for use on the first floor, because cars that park close to this wall. 4) There is a significant risk to elementary and kindergarten students who must walk along the road in the inner blocks where cars are driving quickly. 5) There are a number of issues involved when planning parking lots without considering the characteristics of the area. The local government uses the traditional parking lot codes without considering the current regional characteristics, whereas the number of cars has dramatically increased. 6) The pedestrian mall is not currently being used for pedestrians, because it is full of parked cars due to the lack of parking space.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Since traffic accidents account for the highest proportion of the artificial disasters which occur in urban areas along with fire, more scientific an analysis on the causes of traffic accidents and various prevention measures against traffic accidents are needed. In this study, the research selected Jinju-si, which belongs to local small and medium-sized cities as a research target to analyze the characteristics of temporal and spacial distribution of traffic accidents by associating the data of traffic accidents, occurred in 2013 with the causes of traffic accidents and location information that includes occurrence time and seasonal features. It subsequently examines the spatial correlation between traffic accidents and the characteristics of urban space development according to the plans of land using. As a result, the characteristics of accident distribution according to the types of accidents reveal that side right-angle collisions (car versus car) and pedestrian-crossing accident (car versus man) showed the highest clustering in the density analysis and average nearest neighbor analysis. In particular, traffic accidents occurred the most on roads which connect urban central commercial areas, high-density residential areas, and industrial areas. In addition, human damage in damage conditions, clear day in weather condition, dry condition in the road condition, and three-way intersection in the road way showed the highest clustering.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.132-138
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• 2012

Purpose: Trauma is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality, and the most common cause of maternal trauma is a traffic accident. In Korea, data about traffic accidents in pregnant women are not widely collected and classified so far. Hence, we studied and analyzed the characteristics of injured pregnant women by the traffic accidents. Methods: From January 2002 to August 2011, pregnant women who were in traffic accidents visiting Emergency Department were studied. Pregnancy out come and the degree of the damage were determined through the retrospective analysis of the medical records. Results: The pregnant women who visited after traffic accidents were total 204 patients. Among them, 176 patients had no complication related to the traffic accidents, 28 patients had complications. The incidence of the complications in the 3rd trimester pregnants was statistically significant higher than that in the other trimesters. The analysis based on the mechanism shows more complications in the pedestrian injury. In the survey by the type of the vehicles, the complications from the trauma associated with a car had lower incidence. The patients arrived at the emergency center by walking had greater numbers than who arrived by an ambulance in the groups occurred the complications. The patients suffered complications who complained pain in trunk especially in abdomen and pelvis than in extremities and complained vaginal discharge, and those showed a statistically significant greater incidence. Conclusion: When pregnant women were injured by the traffic accidents, the factors related to the poor pregnant prognosis were trimester of pregnancy, means of visiting the emergency center, trauma mechanism, and complaining symptoms. Therefore, these factors may be used as a prognostic tool to predict an incidence of complications, length of hospital stay and rate of complications and can be used to plan for treatments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.69-83
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of street parking in low-rise residential areas. First of all, prior research was reviewed to examine the background of occurance and the process of change of low-rise residential areas. and derive factors that affect the street environment. Next, based on the selection criteria, the residential area of Bangi 2-dong, Songpa-gu was selected as the site of the case and the status analysis was conducted on streets, buildings, and on-road parking. The summary of the results is on-road parking usually occurs on residential streets where social consensus is difficult to reach, suggesting that alternatives to on-road parking in residential areas are needed. Based on the results of the previous analysis, street types were classified considering the characteristics of streets, structures and street parking. Then, the characteristics of each type of street were analyzed and implication for improving the street environment were suggested. In addition, the results of the classification of street types confirmed that different street parking occurred depending on the width of the street and the use of the lower floors, even if it was the same area, and that a solution was needed accordingly.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 2017

Taking a look at recent trends of port cities, many port cities in the world have been shedding new light on the function being kept by existing port spaces, caused by changes of industrial structure according to the stream of the times, developments of surrounding areas, and etc., and we can see that its meaning also has been changing. However, in case of domestic port spaces they are in the real situation not responding to those movements quickly. Therefore, unlike the existing zoning system dividing functionally urban spaces according to use simply, in this study FBCs getting the timelight recently as a system capable of reflecting spatial characteristics at the maximum have been utilized as a measure for solving current problems of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of urban planning approach that harmonizes the whole harbor space by strengthening the interlinkage between heterogeneous spaces of port area and port area using FBCs. FBCs are institutional devices that are proposed and implemented in the United States to reflect the unique characteristics of the space, that is, the location and the uniqueness, and the pedestrian-oriented space planning.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.711-718
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• 2013

Traffic pavement markings are one of primary transportation facilities that provide drivers with various road information directly. Thus, a clear understanding of traffic pavement markings is utmost important to improve traffic safety as well as to establish a proper traffic culture. However, no past studies examined drivers' understanding of traffic pavement markings in Korea. Hence, this study investigated drivers' understanding of traffic pavement markings through an elaborated administrated survey, and analyzed the relationship between various drivers' characteristics and understanding regarding pavement marking via cross-classification table and logistic model. The analysis results show that drivers have limited understanding regarding the purpose of the markings. Specifically, the average understanding of pavement markings is 57.41%: the lowest understanding is 25.88% for yield pavement marking, and the highest understanding is 91.18% for advanced pedestrian crosswalk pavement marking. This study also revealed that the understanding of some pavement markings are somewhat influenced by user group such as drivers with suspended or revoked driver licenses, but the overall understanding of pavement markings are not significantly affected by drivers' characteristics such as gender and driving experiences at ${\alpha}$=0.05. Thus, it might be desirable for policy makers to establish pavement marking-related policies for overall drivers rather than specific drivers.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2008

Purpose: Treatment and prognosis in patients with pelvic bone fracture depend on the characteristics of the fracture and the stability of the pelvic ring. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of and the relationships between fracture patterns, injury mechanisms, clinical courses, and prognoses according to the hemodynamic pattern. Methods: Between January 2004 and September 2006, 89 patients under diagnosis of pelvic bone fracture were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of medical records and radiologic examinations. Patients with confirmed hemorragic shock with a systolic pressure of less than 90 mmHg were defined as the shock group. Young's classification was used to characterize fracture patterns. Factors relating to the clinical manifestation and to treatments such as transfusion and surgery were analytically compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was $48.8{\pm}18.7$, among which 49 (55.1%) were male. The numbers of shock and non-shock patients were 35 (39.3%) and 54 (60.7%) respectively. Eighteen (51.4%) of the shock patient had injuries resulting from pedestrian accidents (p=0.008). According to Young's classification, lateral impact fractures amounted to 20 and 33, front-rear impact fractures to 9 and 20, and multiple fractures to 6 and 1 among the shock and non-shock patients, respectively (p=0.027). Thirty-nine (39) cases in non-shock injuries were conservatively managed while 18 cases in shock injuries were surgically treated. In the shock group, the liver and the kidney were often damaged, as well. Among the shock patients, the average admission period was $7.5{\pm}8.7days$ in intensive care and $55.1{\pm}47.9days$ in total, which were longer than the corresponding numbers of days for the non-shock patients (p<0.05). No deaths occurred in the non-shock group while 5 deaths (14.2%) occurred in the shock group (p=0.007). Conclusion: The factors affecting hemodynamic instability in patients with pelvic bone fracture are injury mechanism, classification of fracture, and associated injuries.