• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2000

The customers demand of a good vehicle agility consists of a quick reaction of the vehicle with the actuation of the throttle pedal on one hand and a high comfort level of vibration and noise within the vehicle on the other hand, which means the reduction of disturbing side effects. In order to achieve a satisfactory compromise it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the complex, high dynamic vibrations system "vehicle / drive train". For several years the ika has been carrying out such detailed vehicle investigations and test bench measurements in addition to comprehensive CAE analysis for various research projects in partnership with different vehicle manufacturers.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2013

The bicycle is one of the most important eco-friendly transport methods which can mitigate global warming. The portability of a bike on public transportation systems is essential for the wide spread use of bicycles by people in urban environments. In this study, a lightweight urban folding bike was developed with careful consideration of the association with public transport. A folding frame using a moving slide link mechanism made from AL6061 is proposed. Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate structural safety of the bike in both vertical and pedal loading tests. The proposed urban folding bicycle weights only 10kg and summation of its width, length, and height in the folded configuration is under 158cm.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1987

Incilaria fruhstorferi daiseninana의 뇌는 쌍을 이루고 있는 뇌(cerebral), 측(pleural), 노(parietal), 족(pedal)신경절과 단일 복부(abdominal)신경절로 구성되어 있으며, 이들은 융합된 신경고리를 이루고 있었다. 복부신경절로부터 나오는 내장신경은 생식, 장, 심장, 신장신경등으로 분지되어 이들 각 기관에 신경을 공급하고 있었다. 다음 3가지 방법, 즉, 내장신경을 Ni$^2$+로 역방향으로 충진하여 세포체를 염색하는 방법, 형광화합물 Lucifer yellow를 세포내로 주입하는 방법, 세포내활동전위와 내장신경의 세포외 활동전위를 동시에 측정하는 방법으로 적어도 12가지의 동정된 뉴우런이 내장신경과 관련되고 있음을 알았다. 알아낸 각 세포의 전기생리학적인 특성을 검지하고, 이것과 각 세포의 돌기 분지상태와의 관련 및 일부 세포간의 상호관계를 검사하였다. 이들중 8가지 세포가 내장신경에 축색돌기를 내보내는 효과신경세포라는 증거를 얻었다.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2012

Until now, most studies of foot moving or driving posture have been performed under laboratory driving conditions. But there are many different things between actual driving conditions and laboratory driving conditions because, in laboratory conditions, it is hard to consider vehicle's noise, vibration and people's psychology state while driving. Thus this study is performed through actual driving conditions. And while driving test, we recorded driver's foots with 2 cameras to investigate foots(left and right) heel point and how human foots move to control the three pedals : accel, brake and footrest.. Through driving test, the results of this study show that the position of driver's heel point isn't related to stature and tends to be generalized.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.91-99
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• 2003

When the driver suddenly depresses the brake pedal under critical conditions, the desired trajectory of the vehicle can be changed. In this study, the vehicle dynamics and fuzzy logic controller are used to control the vehicle trajectory. The dynamic vehicle model consists of the engine, the rotational wheel, chassis, tires and brakes. The engine model is derived from the engine experimental data. The engine torque makes the wheel rotate and generates the angular velocity and acceleration of the wheel. The dynamic equation of the vehicle model is derived from the top-view vehicle model using Newton's second law. The Pacejka tire model formulated from the experimental data is used. The fuzzy logic controller is developed to compensate for the trajectory error of the vehicle. This fuzzy logic controller individually acts on the front right, front left, rear right and rear left brakes and regulates each brake torque. The fuzzy logic controlling each brake works to compensate for the trajectory error on the split - $\mu$ road conditions follows the desired trajectory.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2003

A high level CVT ratio control algorithm is proposed to improve the engine performance by considering the powertrain response lag. In this algorithm, the desired CVT speed ratio is modified from the vehicle velocity, which is estimated after the time delay due to the powertrain response lag. In addition, the acceleration map is constructed to estimate the vehicle acceleration from the throttle pedal position and the CVT ratio. Using the CVT ratio control algorithm and the acceleration map, vehicle performance simulations are performed to evaluate the engine performance and fuel economy. It is found that the fuel economy can be improved about 3.6% for FUDS by the ratio control algorithm for the target vehicle. In selecting the appropriate time delay, compromise between the fuel economy and the acceleration performance is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2000

자동차 man-machine system의 interface를 이루는 Display panel, Center fascia, Steering wheel, Rear view, Gear, Power window switch, Seat 등과 이들의 Layout은 운전자의 안전뿐만 아니라, 안락감과 밀접한 부분으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이러한 설계요소들의 Man-machine interface의 최적화를 위한 인간공학적 접근이 필요하다. 운전자의 안락감은 Seat, Pedal, Steering wheel 등 뿐만 아니라 각종 조작장치(Audio, Switch, Gear,…)도 함께 연구되어야 하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 실험용 Seating buck을 제작하여 실내 조작장치 중 오디오를 대상으로 터치스크린과 Rapid Prototype을 이용해 사용성 평가에 대한 적합성을 검증하고자 하였다. Rapid Prototyping 기법은 디자인단계에서 제품 사용상의 문제점을 발견 개선할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나, 본 연구 결과에서 3가지 항목 중 1가지만이 실제 Audio와 Prototype에서 차이가 없었다. 따라서, Prototype의 접촉감과 입체감의 개선, 실사용과 동일한 환경의 제시, 소리와 같은 정확한 반응의 제시, Glare의 제거, 사용자 분석에 따른 실험 데이터의 축적 등을 고려하여 Rapid Prototyping을 구현하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.287-293
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• 2010

In order to optimize an agricultural tractor clutch mechanism system, its structural static and kinematic mechanism were analyzed. The operating force of the mechanical tractor clutch system is currently not appropriate to drive comfortably. So it is needed to reduce the clutch operating force by applying advanced engineering design techniques. In the present study, an optimization technology is applied to the design of tractor clutch systems to reduce the operating force. As a result of the optimization using 2 link-angles and 1 link-length which are the main design variables of the clutch linkage system, the maximum pushing force of the maximum clutch pedal was found 182.8N, 14% decreased compared to the existing clutch system. The effectiveness of the optimum design is certified by menas of an experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.71-75
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• 2000

국내 동적 환경에 대한 감성 연구는 아직 미흡한 상태다. 본 연구는 자동차의 운전자세에 관해 연구하였다. 왼발을 사용하지 않는 A/T(Automatic Transmission) 차량과 두 발을 모두 사용하는 M/T(Manual Transmission) 차량의 운전자세 차이를 Position tracking sensor를 통해 측정하였으며, 각 차량에 따른 운전자들의 감성을 비교 및 분석하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 피험자들은 운전면허 소지자로 운전 경험이 있는 남자 대학생 및 대학원생이 참여하였으며, 운전자세를 분석해 본 결과 A/T 차량이 M/T 차량의 경우보다 Seat가 더 뒤로 위치하였고, 두 차량의 운전자세에서 무릎관절의 각도에 많은 차이가 났다. 또, 신체 각 부위 관절의 위치나 모양도 조금씩 다르게 측정되었다. A/T 차량과 M/T 차량의 운전자세에 따른 감성 평가는 동적 환경의 감성 연구에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 2004

This paper presents the visualization method of the KAIST interactive bicycle simulator. The simulator consists of two bicycles of 6 DOF and 4 DOF platforms, force feedback handlebars and pedal resistance systems to generate motion feelings; a real-time visual simulator, a HMD and a beam projection system; and a 3D sound system. The system has an integrating control network with the server-client network structure for multiple simulators. The visual simulator generates dynamic images in real-time while communicating with other modules of the simulator. The operator of the simulator can have realistic visual experience of riding on a velodrome or through the KAIST campus, while being able to watch the other bicycle with an avatar.