• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1985

1982년 11월부터 1983년 10월까지 서호를 포함한 수인근교의 저수지 및 한강의 하천수질 시료를 수집, PCBs 및 유기염소계살충제 잔류수준을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) PCBs는 거의 모든 수질시료에서 검출되었다. 2) PCBs의 펑균잔류수준은 0.009${\sim}$0.5ppb였고 유기 염소계 살충제의 평균잔류수준은 불검출${\sim}$0.008ppb 였다. 3) PCBs와 총 DDT의 평균잔류수준비는 시료채취 지점에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 이 비는 한강수질시료에서는 500으로 가장 높았고, 원천 수질에서 가장 낮았다. 4) 관개수중 PCBs는 공업 및 도시폐수에서 유래된 것으로 보였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.520-533
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• 2000

고분해능 가스크로마토그래프/고분해능 질량분석기를 이용하여 도시지역과 공업지역에 거주하는 산모로부터 채취된 초유에서 PCBs 및 PCDD/FS를 분석하였다. 모유에 오염되어 있는 평균 PCDD/FS와 PCBs의 농도는 각각 15.13 TEQ pg/g fat과 5.64 TEQ pg/g fat이었다. 본 연구 결과, 거주지역과는 무관하게 서로 다른 두 경향을 보이는 동족체(homologue) 분포를 발견하였다. 각 분포의 이성질체를 상업적으로 판매되었던 PCBs 생산품의 조성과 비교하여 동족체 분포에 대한 고찰을 했다. 초산모의 평균 PCDD/Fs 농도인 20.84 TEQ pg/g fat을 기준으로 영유아의 1일 PCDD/Fs 섭취량을 계산했을 때 60 TEQ pg/kg/day의 값이 산출되었다. 이 값은 미국에서 계산된 1일 성인 PCDD/Fs 일반 노출 양인 1-3 TEQ pg/kg/day보다 훨씬 높은 값이다.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 PCBs 함유 폐기물의 적정관리방안을 마련하기 위하여 우리나라의 폐기물공정시험방법에서 제시하고 있는 액상폐기물 중 PCBs 분석방법을 토대로 시간 및 비용을 효과적으로 보다 신속하게 분석하는 방법을 제시하고자, 추출 및 전처리방법, 칼럼정제방법, 분석용 칼럼 조건, 기기분석 조건 및 정량방법을 개발하였다. 분석방법을 검토한 결과 분석시간을 폐기물공정시험방법의 분석시간의 2/3정도로 단축시켰고, 검출한계는 0.5 mg/L이었다. 또한, 제안된 신속분석방법을 PCBs 함유 절연유에 적용하였을 경우 규제기준(2.0 mg/L) 부근인 2.35 mg/L에서 과소평가되는 경향이 나타났으며, 이 시험법을 사용하였을 때 PCBs 함유 폐기물의 부적정하게 평가되는 것을 막기 위해 적용 농도범위를 소수첫째자리에서 반올림하여 최소자리수를 일의자리 즉 1 mg/L 이하인 경우(0.5~1.4 mg/L)로 제한하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.49-53
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• 2006

The possibility of removal of PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in soil was studied using biological method. The effects of soil and co-substrate on both PCBs reduction rate and chloride ion concentration in soil were investigated. It was shown that PCBs concentration of all the soils used in this study were reduced from 5ppm to below 1ppm after 60days, also chloride ion concentration in slurry increased, Results showed that leaf mold and humic acid as co-substrate do not seem to be effective for biological treatment of PCBs in soil,

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

On the refutation demanded for a control of various toxic substances. PCBs(poly chlorinated biphenyl) has a fatal poisonous matter in the ecosystem and the environmental pollution as it Is a kind of stable chemical substance. Especially, the gross Product of PCBs is estimated at about one million tonnage all over the world. However it is kept on storing in untreated state, then has a deterioration by the Prolonged storage and a risk of overflowing. Therefore, this research examined the fundamental characteristics of combustion and emission for the target of using the IPA (iso-propyl alcohol) solution as a part of PCBs control. IPA was filled to three kinds of Vessel, i.e. Vessel I, II, and III, and then was investigated as follows combustion shape, flame temperature. mass burning velocity, and PM(Particulate matter). A radial thermometer and a C-A thermocouple measured the flame temperature, and the optical extinction method by using He-Ne laser and the filter weight method used in the PM measurement. As a result, with an increasing of L/S ratio, the flame length become shorter and the burning velocity is more rapid, but the particulate matters is higher. It is supposed that the air flow rate is high on Vessel. and then the combustion is Promoted in the surface area of the upstream zone. The future works plan to investigate the characteristics with an using of the mixing of IPA and PCBs

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.987-995
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• 2011

Co-planar PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls) of non-ortho are investigated in soil and ginseng on the North Gyeongbuk with HRGC/HRMS. PCB77 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0007 pgTEQ/g and 0.0009 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB81 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0113 pgTEQ/g and 0.0108 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Also PCB126 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0907 pgTEQ/g and 0.0944 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB169 in soil on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.1027 pgTEQ/g and 0.1061 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB77 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0008 pgTEQ/g. Then PCB81 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0104 pgTEQ/g and 0.0112 pgTEQ/g, respectively. But PCB126 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are detected 0.0585 pgTEQ/g and 0.0579 pgTEQ/g, respectively. PCB169 in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju is not detected. Total Co-planar PCBs of non-ortho in ginseng on Yeongju and Sangju are 0.0697 pgTEQ/g and 0.0700 pgTEQ/g, respectively. Relationship of PCBs in between soil and ginseng shown significance($R^2$ : 0.99).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the depositional characteristics of pine needles, pine tree bark, moss, and soil, which are used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Methods: All four media were sampled from the same site. PCB concentrations were analyzed by GC/MSD, and the lipid contents were measured using the gravimetric method. Results: The total PCB concentration (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was the highest in soil (227.97 pg/g dry), followed by pine needles (71.36 pg/g dry), pine tree bark (44.58 pg/g dry), then moss (21.91 pg/g dry). Pine needles contained the highest lipid contents (21.31 mg/g dry), whereas soil (10.01 mg/g dry), pine tree bark (4.85 mg/g dry), and moss (1.92 mg/g dry) contained less. The concentration of lower-chlorinated PCBs was relatively high in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but not in soil. The PCB concentrations were proportional to their lipid contents in pine needles, pine tree bark and moss, but a different trend was revealed in soil. Conclusions: The PCBs concentrations in the media were affected by various factors including atmospheric PCB concentrations, lipid contents, and depositional pathways. However, each of these factors had a varying influence depending on the type of medium.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides was studied in sediment dwelling bivalves, Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), collected from the midwestern coast of Korea. As witnessed by the dominance of tetra- to penta-chlorinated congeners in sediments and the penta- to hexa-chlorinated congener dominance in clams, the profile of PCBs in the sediments and Manila clams differed. Lipid and organic carbon-normalized biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were determined for organochlorine pesticides. BSAFs of $\beta$-hexachlorocyclohexane ($\beta$-HCH) and $\Sigma$DDTs were in the range of 0.06~1.36 and 0.31~1.06. No clear relationships were found between BSAFs of $\Sigma$DDTs in Manila clams and the concentrations of DDTs in the associated sediment. The accumulated PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were compared in Manila clams and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected from 3 sites. Highly chlorinated PCBs were more commonly found in oyster tissues than in clam tissues. The reasons for the different accumulation pattern of organic pollutants in the two organisms are discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

In 21^st Century business world, services are carried out in multifaceted, competitive and rationality manner that are characterized by evolving many factors, which are often unpredictable. On-the-go banking is a product in financial sector. However, it faces serious pitfalls being it riskiness. Bank customers compete for time-saving options. On contrary, PCBs compete for marginalizing its operating costs for enhancing its revenues. On strategic tactics, PCBs targets city customers in multi-facets including offering incentives for enhanced usages of on-the-go banking. Influencing customer's intention, attitude and behavior in banking, PCBs also offers incentive under market system along with often informational asymmetry. However, it causes exploitation. In most cases customers don't read terms & conditions of services. They don't save contract-copy. These weaknesses cause abuses. Customer faces hidden charges, extra fees, account hacked. Addressing the issue, Voluntary Insurance Option is proposed where PCBs will introduce it as a product of bank-services. Transferring risk away from customer will benefit both PCBs and bank-customers. This product can attract new customers who were on the brink using digital banking but just felt it was too risky. This model can facilitate the parties involved for increasing usage of on-the-go banking-services while customers can maintain optimal utility of usages.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2005

절연유 중 PCBs 총 농도를 GC/ECD와 HRGC/HRMS를 이용하여 정량한 결과 각각 N.D. ${\sim}154.04{\mu}g/g$과 $0.087{\sim}223.6{\mu}g/g$(TEQ 농도는 0.00067~6.8 ng WHO-TEQ/g)으로 검출되었으며, 6개의 시료에서 2 ppm을 초과하였다. 고농도 시료일수록 정량방법의 차이로 인해 ECD와 HRMS의 분석결과가 차이를 나타내었다. 절연유 중 PCBs의 피크패턴 및 군집분석을 사용하여 시료에 함유된 PCBs 제품형태를 추정할 수 있었으며, Aroclor 1248 제품은 함유되어 있지 않았다. Co-PCBs 이성체 분포에 있어서 non-ortho 치환 이성체에 비해 mono-ortho 치환 이성체가 높은 비율을 나타내었으며, PCB-167 이성체가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 또한 절연유 중 Co-PCBs의 이성체패턴은 소각로 배출가스, 환경 대기시료 뿐만 아니라 PCBs 제품(Aroclor, Kanechlor)과도 다른 이성체 패턴을 나타내었다.