• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.521-525
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• 2011

Although the Korean construction industry has risen rapidly, the quality of the buildings is not met with the industry standard compared to the potential of the technology development and the cost of maintenance has been increased. The user's request for quality have been increased, but in the current building construction, the contractors only follow the specifications of design, material and technology, and their main concern is whether they are in right track with the specification or not. Thus, the necessity of developing technology has been ignored and sufficient opportunities for the development have not been provided as well. In the developed countries, in contrast, the quality assurance and the payment regulation system has been utilized for the active response to the changes of users' request. As a result of this, the maintenance cost has been decreased and the development of construction technology has been improved. Therefore the pay adjustment system is needed to create the improvement of the quality of the buildings by the contractors' earnest building construction. In order to introduce the pay adjustment system suitable to the Korean construction industry, this study presented the logical method of adjusting the construction cost and making payment with the pay adjustment index that is created based on the result of the performance test, after making a set of the indicators of the building performance standard and applied them to the targeted building.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2007

현재의 도로포장 건설기준 및 시방은 자재 및 시공방법 중심으로 되어 있으며 이러한 시방을 따라 시공된 도로포장은 단기적으로 성능을 판단할 수 있는 근거가 미비하며 또한 장기적인 도로포장의 성능을 고려하지 않기 때문에 고성능 고내구성이 요구되는 도로포장의 건설을 확신해 주지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 도로포장 건설분야에 성능중심의 건설기술 기준을 개발하여 적용하기 위한 과정으로 공용성을 기반으로 하는 지불규정을 개발하는 연구가 진행중에 있으며 본 논문은 콘크리트 포장의 설계 및 시공에 있어서 가장 중요시되는 인자인 콘크리트 슬래브의 두께에 손실이 생겼을 경우에 적용할 지불규정 개발을 위해 기초적으로 수행한 연구 내용에 대하여 기술하였다. 먼저 외국의 슬래브 두께에 대한 지불규정 적용에 대하여 분석을 하여 문제점을 파악하였으며, 공용성에 기반을 둔 두께 손실에 대한 지불규정 개념을 개발하기 위하여 AASHTO피로파손 공식 및 슬래브 두께와 응력과의 상관관계와 응력레벨과 콘크리트 포장 수명과의 상관관계를 이용하는 방법을 제시하였다. 그리고 기존 콘크리트 포장의 두께를 측정하여 위치에 따른 시공 시 슬래브 두께의 편차를 파악하였으며 코어를 이용하여 두께를 측정할 때 두께 측정방법 및 사람에 따른 측정편차에 대한 분석을 수행하여 지불규정에서 두께손실 범위를 결정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2008

본 연구는 콘크리트 도로 포장의 고품질을 확보하기 위한 방안으로 지불규정을 개발하는 과정의 일환으로 수행되었으며 지불규정 적용을 위한 합리적인 품질측정방법의 개발 방안을 모색하고 품질에 따라 지불계수를 결정하는 기법을 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 우선 콘크리트 포장의 지불규정 인자인 슬래브 두께에 대하여 통계적인 기법을 이용하여 측정 자료를 분석함으로써 측정자에 따른 읽음오차를 감안하여 지불규정의 기준에 대한 허용오차를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였으며 두께 측정 시 측정 간격 및 위치 등의 측정빈도를 결정하는 방법도 제시하였다. 또한 지불계수를 합리적으로 결정하는 방법을 제시하기 위하여 슬래브 두께와 콘크리트 철강도 등의 지불규정 인자에 대하여 미국에서 사용하고 있는 PWL 방법을 이용한 지불계수를 산정하여 정규분포와 t분포를 이용하여 구한 지불계수와 비교분석함으로써 국내에 적용하기 적절한 지불계수를 산정하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 2010

Objectives : This paper recommends a global budget based payment system for reimbursing oriental medical services in the national health insurance. Methods : We analyzed previous research outcomes related to oriental medical services and payment system We reviewed the experiences of other countries' global budget system in terms of their strength and weakness. In addition, we developed a reimbursement method for oriental medical services based on global budget. Results : Our reviews focused on global budget system of Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Taiwan. The estimation of global budget in the national health insurance was described in two scenarios. First scenario was to allocate oriental medical services in scale after signing a contract for global budget. In this case, 4.16% of the national health insurance expenditure was allocated for the oriental medical services. Second scenario was to estimate the global budget in a historical context. As a result, the first scenario in total budget was higher than the second, and we proposed a retrospective adjustment method for the gap between the budget and the actual expenditure Conclusions : The payment system for oriental medical services is recommended to shift from fee-for-service to global budget.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

Background: This study analyzed the effect of applying the diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based payment system, which was implemented in July 2012 for hospitals and clinics nationwide, on the cesarean section rate. Methods: The subjects of the study were divided into new groups that participated in the payment system after July 2012 and maintenance groups that participated in the payment system before July 2012. As an analysis method, a difference-in-difference analysis, which is a quasi-experimental design, was used. The risk-adjusted cesarean section rate was used as a dependent variable. Results: Seven risk factors (malpresentation of fetus, eclampsia, multiple pregnancies, problems in the placenta, previous Cesarean section, cephalopelvic disproportion, problems in amniotic fluid) were included in the final risk-adjustment model, and found to have a statistically significant relationship with the cesarean section rate. Results showed that the risk-adjusted cesarean section rate increased significantly in new groups after the application of the DRG-based payment system. Conclusion: Study results provided policy implications for the reorganization of the DRG-based system should that reflects the demands of obstetricians, such as organizing a consultative body with obstetricians and establishing a reasonable fee.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2019

Building a target capital structure is one of the most important decisions in corporate financial management. The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of capital structure and adjustment mechanism toward the target leverage. The partial adjustment model was applied on a sample of 306 non-financial companies listed on Vietnam stock exchange market during the period of 2008-2017. By the fixed effect model estimation method, the research results have discovered the factors of growth opportunities, firm size, tangible fixed assets and firm's unique characteristics have a positive effect on the target capital structure of enterprises. Besides, profitability and dividend payment have a negative effect on the target capital structure of enterprises. Accordingly, the research results show that the average adjustment speed toward target leverage of the firms is 90.03%. Research results also demonstrate firms have higher or lower debt ratio than the target debt ratio, capital surplus or capital deficit also have an impact on the adjustment rate toward the target capital structure. The research results are consistent with the Dynamic Trade-off Theory. From this result, this article has provided policy implications for non-financial companies listed on Vietnam's stock market in building a reasonable target capital structure according to operating timeline to maximize enterprise value.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.211-226
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• 2017

The chain-ladder method, for which run-off data is employed is popularly used in the rate-adjustment and loss-reserving practices of non-life-insurance and health-insurance companies. The method is applicable when the underlying assumption of a consistent development pattern is in regards to a cumulative loss payment after the occurrence of an insurance event. In this study, a modified chain-ladder algorithm is proposed for when the assumption is considered to be only partially appropriate for the given run-off data. The concept of a structural-change point in the run-off data and its reflection in the estimation of unpaid loss amounts are discussed with numerical illustrations. Experience data from private health insurance coverage in Korea were analyzed based on the suggested method. The performance in estimation of loss reserve was also compared with traditional approaches. We present evidence in this paper that shows that a reflection of a structural-change point in the chain-ladder method can improve the risk management of the relevant insurance products. The suggested method is expected to be utilized easily in actuarial practice as the algorithm is straightforward.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 재조사사업이 완료된 세종시 사업지구의 민원 발생 사례를 중심으로 경계 결정방법과 조정금의 전반적인 실태를 분석·평가한 후 지적재조사 조정금 개선방안을 연구하였다. 지적재조사 사업의 조정금 개선방안은 크게 경계조정과 면적허용범위에 따른 개선방안과 제도적인 개선으로 구분하여 제시하였다. 세종시의 경계조정 현황을 분석한 결과 지적재조사 경계조정은 여러 방법으로 경계를 조정하고 있었으며, 이 중에서도 조정이 간단하고 필지를 정형화하는 방법과 도로를 신설하여 맹지 해소를 중심으로 조정이 많이 되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 경계설정 시 현실경계나 합의경계보다는 소유자와 충분한 협의와 토지소유자의 개인적인 의사를 최대한 반영한 조정경계를 적극적으로 권장하여 효율적이고 합리적인 조정경계를 설정하는 것이 조정금에 관한 분쟁을 최소화할 것으로 판단되었다. 면적허용범위에 따른 개선방안으로는 지적재조사의 결과를 수치데이터로 정확하게 기록 보전하고, 조정금 산정시 공간정보관리법의 면적허용범위 규정 이내일 경우 조정금을 완화 또는 면제해주는 방안의 검토가 필요하다. 마지막으로 조정금과 관련하여 지적재조사 특별법에 토지 소유자에게 본인의 토지를 대상으로 저금리 장기 대출하는 방안을 마련해주어야 하며, 제삼자가 공정하고 객관적으로 가치판단에 의해 산정한 감정평가를 통한 조정금 산정이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

본 연구는 국내 건설공사 계약체결 시 도급인의 우월적인 지위를 남용하여 공사수급인에게 불이익을 제공하는 불공정특약의 문제점을 고찰, 이에 대한 대처방안 및 제도개선 방안 제시를 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 불공정특약으로 인해 문제가 발생했던 분쟁에 대한 판례68건을 분석하고 공사참여자를 대상으로 한 인식조사를 실시했으며, 이를 바탕으로 문제점을 도출하고 구체적 인 대처방안 및 제도개선 방안을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 수행된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 불공정특약의 주요 문제점으로 공사대금지불조건, 포괄적 책임전가, 계약금액조정과 관련한 문제점을 도출하였다. 3) 특약설정행위에 대한 대처방안으로는 입찰단계, 시공단계, 준공단계로 구분되어 제시하였다. 3)불공정특약에 대한 제도개선 방안으로는 규정강화, 감독 강화, 클레임의 활성화, 설계변경절차서 및 지침서 제정, 사전적 구제방법 등을 제시하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate the current status of prescription drugs in Oriental medical institutes and to draw up a future plan for the revitalization of Oriental medical health insurance, this survey has been performed. Method : The survey has been made with 321 doctors working at Oriental medical institutes in Daegu and Kyungbuk areas for a period of 3 month from June 1, 2010 until September 1, 2010. Result : 1. When it comes to the current status of the use of herbal drugs in Oriental Health insurance, most of doctors surveyed prescribe insurance drugs, and they prescribe insurance drugs to patients, who are less than 20% of total patients visiting their clinics. 2. The awareness of Herbal Health Care Drugs is investigated. When it comes to the understanding of the difference between insurance drugs(powder type drugs) and granular type drugs, doctors admit that they differ only in one aspect, whether or not their being covered by health insurance. Based on the survey results on the understanding of insurance coverage of granular type drugs, doctors, even though they long for granular type drugs to be accepted as insurance drugs, are worrying whether the number of outpatients might dwindle due to increased insurance co-payments. They also point out that the biggest obstacles in the expansion of the granular type drugs as insurance drugs are the lack of understanding of the government and the objection of the Health Insurance Review and Assesment service (HIRA) for fear of increased insurance claims. 3. Upon investigation on Oriental medicine doctors' understandings of herbal pharmaceutical industry, it is found that doctors' responses on pharmaceutical industry are not all positive ones('new product development and neglect of R&D infrastructure' and 'smallness of industry'). When it is investigated what area needs the greatest improvement in herbal pharmaceutical industry, 'securing sufficient capital, good manufacturing, and strengthening quality control', is the highest. 4. When it is asked what are the most needed in order to improve herbal health insurance medicine, responses such as 'the increase in the accessibility to and the utilization of Oriental medical clinics through the diversification of the means of prescriptions', 'the improvement of insurance benefits(cap adjustments)', 'increase the proportion of high quality medicinal plants', 'the ceiling of co-payments(deductible) at 20,000 won or more', 'expansion of the choices of formulations', 'formulational expansions of tablets and pills', and finally 'admittance and expansion of granular type drug as insurance drug' are the highest. 5. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the current status of the usage of Oriental health care herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, the frequency of use of health insurance drugs by the doctors who use health insurance with general characteristics shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001), average number of daily patients (p<0.05). Secondly, as to the willingness of the expanded usage of insurance drugs, similar differences are observed in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). 6. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the perception of Herbal health care drugs, the followings are observed. First, inspecting general characteristics and insurance claims due to increased co-payments(deductible amount) reveals similar differences in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p <0.01). Secondly, inspecting general characteristics and the obstacles that hinder granular type drugs from being accepted as health care insurance drugs shows similar differences in case of working period (p<0.05). 7. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the understanding of Oriental Herbal pharmaceutical companies, the followings are observed. First, opinions on the general characteristics of pharmaceutical companies, when examined with variance analysis, shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). Secondly, when opinions are examined on general characteristics and the problems of herbal pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are found in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001). Lastly, opinions on the general characteristics and reforms of pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.001). 8. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the improvement of insurance Herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, regarding general characteristics and insurance benefits, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.05), in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05), and in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Secondly, opinions on the general characteristics and the needs for the improvement of Herbal insurance drugs are examined in 5 different aspects, which are the approval of granular type drugs as insurance drugs, the expanded practices of the number of prescription insurance drugs, the needs of a variety of formulations, the needs of TFT of which numbers of Oriental medical doctors are members for the revision of the existing system, and the needs of adjusting the current ceiling of the fixed amount and the fixed rate. When processed by the analysis of variance, the results show similar differences in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Conclusion : From the results of this study the first measures to take are, to reform overall insurance benefit system, including insurance co-payment system(fixed rate cap adjustment), to expand the number of the herbal drugs to be prescribed matching with insurance benefit accordingly, and to revitalize herbal medicine insurance system through the change of various formulations. In addition, it is recommended to improve the effectiveness of herbal medicine by making plans to enhance the efficacy of herbal medicine and by enabling small pharmaceutical companies to outgrow themselves.