• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7077-7084
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. Results: HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). Conclusions: The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3931-3936
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• 2013

Background: Iran is a country with very high incidences of stomach cancer, especially in Northern parts. Here we assessed prognostic value of serum screening biomarkers among people >50 years old for early detection of precancerous lesions in a hot spot for gastric carcinoma in Guilan Province, North Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted on 1,390 residents of Lashtenasha city with the mean age (SD) of 61.8 (9.02) years old (50.8% females) to assess the association of gastrin and the pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio with premalignant gastric lesions. Blood samples were taken for CBC, blood group, and serologic exams (PGI, PGII, and gastrin 17) from each subject. Expert gastroenterologists performed upper GI endoscopy and ROC curves were generated to determine appropriate cutoff points. Results: Mean values of PGI, PGII, PGI/PGII and gastrin were significantly different between patients with and without atrophy or metaplasia (P<0.05). To diagnose atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, a significantly higher AUC was observed for the PGI/PGII ratio (70 and 72%, respectively) compared to the PGI (56, 55%), PGII (63, 64%) and gastrin (59, 61%) (all p<0.001). Conclusions: Biomarker tests such as the PGI/II ratio can be used in the screening and diagnosis of subjects at high gastric cancer risk in our region.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dental hygienists' knowledge of implant operation, which is recently emerging as one of the important medical services in the dental treatment sector. It's ultimately intended to serve as a basis for the preparation of more effective, appropriate implant-education programs for dental hygienists and to help them, who take a crucial part in implant operation, provide better dental services to patients who are in need of implant operation. The subjects in this study were 368 selected dental hygienists who were working in the dental institutions in the region of Taegu. The results of this study were as below: 1. The largest number of the dental hygienists investigated, 34.1%, were at age 25 to 27. The second most common age was 24 and under, and the third most common age group was 28 to 30. For educational level, most of them, 91.0%, were junior-college graduates, and 9.0% were being in or graduated from four-year-course university. Concerning career, 52.7%, the greatest percentage, had worked for one to three years, and 41.3% had a four-year or higher career. 812%, most of them, were working in dental clinics, and 18.3% were serving in dental hospital or general hospital. 2. Many of the dental institutions were providing implant operation services, as the dental institutions where 64.9% of the subjects were working conducted implant operation. In relation to the necessity of implant operation, the dominant opinion, 73.0%, was thai it's needed to make oral slate healthier. So there was a strong tendency to ad mit implant as one of the necessary treatments in the dental treatment sector. 3. Their collective mean implant knowledge got $57.02{\pm}14.11$. And the collective average of 21 items was $2.7153{\pm}0.6720$ on the basis of 5 points, which was below the average(3 points of Likert scale). This meant that the dental hygienists didn't have a good knowledge or understanding of implant. When it's taken into account what role should be performed by dental hygienists, their implant knowledge should be increased. 4. As a result of examining the effect of the general characteristics on their implant knowledge, the educational level(t=-3.481, P=0.001) and the type of dental institution where they were working(F=16.476, P=0.001) made a significant difference. 5. Their implant knowledge was significantly different according to whether or not the dental institution they were serving conducted implant operation (t=7.199, P=0.001). And, whether or not they agreed to the necessity of implant operation also generated a significant difference to their implant knowledge(F=8.610, P=0.000).

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2019

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a group of muscular dystrophies that has extremely heterogeneous clinical features and genetic background. The caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) is one of the causative genes. LGMD appears as a clinical continuum, from isolated skeletal muscle involvement to long QT syndrome. Here we report two patients without apparent muscle weakness in a family with CAV3 mutation. A 7-month-old Korean boy visited our muscle clinic because of an incidental finding of elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (680 IU/L, reference range, 20-270 IU/L) without clinical symptoms. The patient was born after an uneventful pregnancy and showed normal developmental milestones. He developed pseudohypertrophy of his calf muscle during the follow-up. We obtained a muscle biopsy at age 14 months, which showed size variations and degenerating/regenerating myofibers with endomysial fibrosis and immunohistochemical evidence of normal dystrophin. Under the impression of LGMD, we performed target panel sequencing and identified a heterozygous in-frame mutation of CAV3, c.307_312delGTGGTG (p.Val103_Val104del). Immunohistochemical staining of muscle indicated complete loss of caveolin-3 compared with normal control muscle, which supported the variant's pathogenicity. We performed segregation analysis and found that the patient's mother had the same variant with elevated serum CK level (972 IU/L). We report on autosomal dominant familial caveolinopathy caused by a pathogenic variant in CAV3, which was asymptomatic until the fourth decade. This case highlights the utility of next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies and the additive role of muscle biopsy to confirm the variants.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the physiochemical properties, toxicity, and legal regulation of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and/or methylisothiazolinone (MIT), review the health effects caused by exposure to CMIT/MIT, and evaluate the individual association of lung injury with the use of humidifier disinfectants (HD) containing a mixture of CMIT and MIT. Method: A literature review was conducted by searching keywords such as CMIT, MIT, health effect, dermatitis, asthma, and lung injury, either singly or combined. Results: Both CMIT and/or MIT were found to be associated with the development of several types of adverse health effects. In particular, respiratory diseases including asthma, nasal symptoms, cough, and rhinitis were caused by the use of products including CMIT or/and MIT. The mixture of CMIT/MIT has been banned in cosmetics. As of the end of 2017, nine patients who were confirmed to have HD associated lung injury (HDLI) were found to have used only an HD brand containing CMIT and MIT. Their responses regarding the name of the HD used could be trustworthy based on the short duration of HD use (less than six months) before the onset of HDLI and frequent use of HD per day. Conclusion: According to the toxicity and HDLI cases, the use of HD containing CMIT and /or MIT can cause fatal lung injury. Further study with manufacturers' assistance is necessary in order to obtain more clear evidence on the causal relationship since HDLI cases are being reported continuously.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Objective : To investigate the current international researches which identify the effect of stroke with hemiplegia after dual-task training Methods : We systematically examined journals published from 2007 to 2015, searching PubMed. Total 5 researches were selected for the analyses. Results : Selected studies were all in international journal and they used two group experimental design. In addition, all the paper got PEDro scores above 6. They conducted gait task for motor task, at the same time used various domain of cognitive task such as from sustain attention to working memory. The outcome measure tools used for evaluation by the standardized assessment tool and operational definition, further also included the assessment tool designed for the dual-task training such as a variety of tools make possible to assess various aspects of effect. Discussion : Dual-task training in this study was found to give a positive effect on the dual-task performance, as well as improving the motor and cognitive function in patients with stroke. However there were also limitation to the studies conducted so far. In order to apply the occupational therapy, this results can consider as the preliminary data which suggest supplement point and can be a evidence for effective treatment for stroke with hemiplegia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4623-4629
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• 2016

Introduction: Breast cancer is multifactorial therefore more recognition of risk factors is important in its prevention. Objective: This study was conducted in order to determine the factors influencing breast cancer in women referred to health centers in Guilan province in 2015-2016. Method: In a case- control study, 225 women with breast cancer were investigated. The control group consisted of 225 healthy women of the relatives (third-rank) whose phone numbers were obtained from the patients. Data were collected through telephone interviews. Results: The risk of breast cancer raised in women who have a family history of other cancers (OR= 3.5; 95% CI= 1.96-6.6), exposure to X-Ray (OR= 2.5; 95% CI=1.1-5.5), having more than 4 children (OR= 2.695% CI=1.2-4.8), age more than 36 years at first pregnancy(OR=2.3; 95% CI=0.7-5.1),primary levelof education (OR= 5.4;95% CI=2.8-11.2) and inadequate intake of fruit (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1-2.2). Also, presence of the following factors reduced breast cancer risk: regular menstruation (OR= 0.66; CI=0.4-0.9), duration of breastfeeding more than 12 months, less than 6 months and 7-12 months (OR=0.23; 95% CI=0.09-0.59, OR=0.29; 95% CI=0.17-0.49 and OR=0.03; 95% CI=0.01-0.08) and parity (OR=0.4; 95% CI=0.27-0.83) In multiple linear regression analysis of higher education (OR=0.16; 95% CI=0.03-0.77), using contraceptives for more than 16 years (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.4-3.9), family history of other cancers (OR=6.1; 95% CI=1.9-19.3) and a history of X-Ray exposure (OR=4.4; 95% CI=1.07-18.1) were considered as predictive factors. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of informing women about breast cancer risk factors. So, identification of these risk factors is required as important means of prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2016

The aim of this study, in order to reduce the support burden of dementia primary caregiver, within the framework of long-term care insurance system to present its founding model for the development of new services. Previous research as analytical materials and based on the CARE study between 2012 to 2013. Primary caregiver burden of patient are both physical, psychological and economic aspects as well as difficulties in many aspects and had influence on many factors such as age, care burden, economic, health, and social support. It also came high-risk primary caregiver suffer from depression. This primary caregiver to take advantage of the elderly long-term care insurance system implemented at the time of the institutional support necessary for since 2008, presented additional services in this study. Of increasing the small sizes day care center (tentative name) to open an as established in the settlements at a scale of less than nine, within 5 minutes from the residence, limited dementia by expertise in the disease home care services scale model of the current system service It was to improve the quality of existing shares, small group sizes for day care centers and community life apart.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

Background and Objectives：Microvascular free flap reconstruction has been revolutionized in last two decades, and became a standard option in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. We intended to review our experiences of 51 microvascular free flap for head and neck defects during 5-year period and to analyze the types of flaps according to primary sites, success and complication rates. Subjects and Methods：From Oct. 2001 through Dec. 2005, fifty one free flap reconstructions were performed in forty nine patients at ENT department of Soonchunhyang university bucheon hospital. Primary sites, pathology, T-stage, operative time, time interval of oral feeding, and various reconstructive factors such as recipient and donor vessels, free flap related complications, failure rates and salvage rates were retrospectively analyzed. The relation between complication rates and preoperative risk factors were statistically analyzed. Results：Methods of reconstruction were radial forearm free flap(RFFF)(n=28, 54.9%), anterolateral thigh free flaps(n=9, ALTFF)(17.6%), rectus abdominis free flap(n=7, RAFF)(13.7%), jejunal free flap(n=5, JFF)(9.8%), and miscellanous(n=2, 4.0%) in order. In free flap related complications, failure of free flap occurred in seven cases(13.7%) and pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in five cases(9.8%) among fifty one free flaps. The overall success rate of free flaps was 86.3%. Salvage of free flaps was possible only one among eight cases(12.5%). In positive preoperative risk factor groups, failure of free flap was higher than in negative risk factor group. However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion：We confirmed that free flap reconstructions are highly versatile and reliable options for use in the reconstruction of various soft tissue defects of the head and neck. Free flaps have gained great popularity given its versatility, ability for a two-team approach, and minimal donor site morbidity. However, complications related to microvascular surgery may be overcome by increased surgical experience and by intensive flap monitoring in early postoperative period.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.255-263
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• 2009

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic performance of transabdominal ultrasound by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, in order to evaluate the usefulness in establishing the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Questionnaires were given to 8,793 reproductive women reviewed at Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. Ultrasound examinations were performed in 701 women with a transabdominal transducer. Transabdominal ultrasounds were performed in 185 normal control women (normal menstruation without hyperandrogenism or PCO morphology) and 248 PCOS patients according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) PCOS diagnosis criteria. ROC curves were calculated for ovarian volume and follicle number. Results: In normal control group, the mean age were $23.64{\pm}4.26$ years old and the mean ovarian volume and follicle number were $6.03{\pm}1.89\;cm^3$ and $6.49{\pm}1.93$, respectively. The ovarian volume showed an area under the ROC curve (AURC) of 0.761. A ovarian volume decision threshold >$9\;cm^3$ had a sensitivity of 51.0% and a specificity of 91.4% for the diagnosis of PCOS. The follicle number showed an AURC of 0.733. A follicle number decision threshold ${\geq}9$ had a sensitivity of 54.9% and a specificity of 87.0% for the diagnosis of PCOS. A follicle number decision threshold ${\geq}10$ had a sensitivity of 53.2% and a specificity of 90.4%. A follicle number and a ovarian volume did not have a high diagnostic power for screening for PCOS. Conclusion: Our results suggest that transabdominal ultrasound assessment is not effective for the detection of PCOS in young women of reproductive age.