• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-135
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• 1999

Typical symptoms of rheumatic disease affect overall daily living and cause severe stress. Individuals afflicted with rheumatic disease have many illness-related stresses. Pain was the predominantly perceived stress followed by limitation in mobility, difficulties in carrying out activities of daily living. helplessness, dependency on others, threat to self-esteem, interference in social activity, interference in family relationships. difficulties performing at work, and discomfort of the treatment. Patients with chronic arthritis are subjected to long periods of continuous stress, which may require the management by the health care provider. In these cases, the purpose of the nursing is helping to promote health through supporting patient's coping. Therefore, for the nursing intervention to be effective, it is critical to build a theoretical framework that describes stress-coping for chronic arthritis. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to present a theoretical framework which describes the stress-coping processes and to empirically test pathos of this framework for the people with chronic arthritis. The foundation upon which this framework is built in the Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain(1983) theory of Modeling and role-Modeling. The subjects were 275 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who visited the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical model of stress-coping was tested by covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 8.12 program. As a result, the overall fit was good(Chi-square=94.49, P=0.00, RMR=0.067, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.93, NFI=0.91) for the hypothetical model. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on coping resources. However, independent variables(basic need satisfaction, internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resource) did not have significantly influence on coping. And then, the hypothetical model was modified by considering both the theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. The revised model had a better fit to the data(Chi-square=83.11(P=0.00), RMR=0.061, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.92). Hypothesis emerged from the revised model was tested. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience and coping resources. Internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources had a significantly influence on coping. According to the results of this dissertation, basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control play a central role in appraisal of illness-related experience and coping resources. And illness related-experience, emotional stress, and coping resources affect on coping activities. In summary, nursing interventions to enhance basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control will decrease illness related experience and emotional stress and increase coping resources. Increased coping resources will prompt coping activities.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding and becoming urbanized, especially in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoir for zoonotic VL, this study evaluated the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, a new area of expansion of VL in Brazil. Serum and plasma from 405 asymptomatic dogs from the municipalities of Canoas (n=107), $S\tilde{a}o$ Leopoldo (n=216), and Novo Hamburgo (n=82) were tested for CVL using immunochromatographic ($DPP^{(R)}$) and ELISA $EIE^{(R)}$ assays (2 assays officially adopted by the Brazilian government for the diagnosis of CVL) and real-time PCR to confirm the results. There was no agreement among serological and real-time PCR results, indicating that the Leishmania infection in asymptomatic animals with low parasite load, confirmed by negative parasitological tests (smears and parasite culture), need to be evaluated by molecular methods. The prevalence of LVC in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, confirmed by real-time PCR was 4% (5.6% in Canoas and 4.6% in $S\tilde{a}o$ Leopoldo). The use of molecular method is essential for accurate diagnosis of CVL, especially in asymptomatic dogs in non-endemic areas.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.33-51
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• 2015

In South Korea, the community building projects and so-called 'community businesses' are recently regarded as one of the popular issues for the local people and social activists. The project seems to be a miracle resolution for various social matters such as the deteriorating welfare, health care, security system and the worsening income problem, etc. But these promising social discourses and practices which encourage to build communities are not only constructing 'good governance' for the sound cooperation between the state and civil society, but also allowing government technologies to manage and regulate civil society and citizens. This irony of building community is not yet thoroughly considered. The aim of this article is to ask 'Is building community good for all of people?'; 'How does community guarantee the freedom of people who participate in?'. The reflection for community in South Korean Society has related to The May 18-community in Gwangju. The May 18-community is a keystone for understanding the ethos and pathos of community. This study tries to unravel the relation between the May Uprising and the idea of community throughout affects and hearts of participants. The lived experience and testimony of the people of Gwangju in May, 1980, reveals that community should not be in an order and an notion of security. Examining hearts of members of 'whatever community' in the May Uprising is essential to imagine a new form of community which incorporates liberation and freedom as its base.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.187-218
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• 2014

Nietzsche stellt in seiner Philosophie den "${\ddot{U}}bermensch$" als existenziales Ideal des Menschen sowie als Menschentyp der Zukunft und "die ${\ddot{u}}bermenschliche$ Zukunft" als Zukunft des gesunden Menschen vor. Der ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ und die ${\ddot{u}}bermenschliche$ Zukunft beinhalten in Nietzsches Philosophie den Sinn des gesunden Menschen und seiner gesunden Zukunft. Nach Nietzsche kann dieses gesunde Ideal durch die aktive Praxis des Menschen endlich verwirklicht werden. Nietzsche unterscheidet das aktive und das passive Verhalten des Menschen und leitet daraus die zwei $gegens{\ddot{a}}tzlichen$ Menschentypen her, also den aktiven Menschen (Herr der Moral des Lebens - geistig Starker) und den passiven Menschen (Sklave der Moral des Lebens - geistig Schwacher). Aber die Typologie dieser anthropologischen Differenz zielt nicht auf die Dualisierung der absoluten Differenz, sondern auf seine relativistisch-relationale ${\ddot{U}}berwindung$. Auf diese Weise setzt die philosophische Anthropologie Nietzsches im Grunde seine eigene praktische Philosophie voraus. Ferner bestimmt Nietzsche den Menschen als Zwischenwesen, das $hei{\ss}t$, dass der Mensch in Also sprach Zarathustra an der existenzialen Grenze zwischen Tier und ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ und in seiner anthropologischen ${\ddot{A}}sthetik$ an der ${\ddot{a}}sthetischen$ Grenze zwischen $Versch{\ddot{o}}nerung$ und $Verh{\ddot{a}}sslichung$ des Lebens steht, sowie als $M{\ddot{o}}glichkeitswesen$, das an dieser Grenze durch die existenziale $Selbst{\ddot{u}}berwindung$ und die ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ Selbstgestaltung in jedem Moment seine $Ver{\ddot{a}}nderungsm{\ddot{o}}glichkeit$ $sch{\ddot{o}}pferisch$ verwirklichen kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, aufgrund Nietzsches anthropologischen $Verst{\ddot{a}}ndnisses$ die anthropologische Methodologie zu $er{\ddot{o}}rtern$, die er $f{\ddot{u}}r$ die Verwirklichung der immanenten $Ver{\ddot{a}}nderungsm{\ddot{o}}glichkeit$ des Menschen in seiner Philosophie vorstellt.