• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.281-294
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• 1977

Superior vena cava to pulmonary arterial shunting operation was made between the superior vena cava and the right pulmonary artery in the fashion of end-to-end anastomosis in 20 mongrel dogs. The experimental animals were divided into three group and blood flow in the superior vena cava was occluded for 20, 30 and 60 minutes respectively, and observations were made for the changes in caval pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. And pathologic examinations were also performed. On occluding the caval blood flow, the superior vena caval pressure was sharply and immediately elevated from $103.5{\pm}19.8mmH_2O$ at thoracotomy to $556.4{\pm}86.lmmH_2O$ within 2 minutes to make its plateau thereafter, and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure followed closely the changes of the superior vena caval pressure in its level and pattern being elevated from $102.0{\pm}19.9mmH_2O$ to $490.5{\pm}79.9mmH_2O$. The drops of both the caval and cerebrospinal fluid pressures were definite and marked on opening the shunt flow through the anastomosis, but these postoperative pressures retained still higher ones above their levels measured at thoracotomy. The pathological examinations of the brain and the spinal cord were also performed in six animals. Characteristic changes uniformly seen in all area and in all animals were the findings of capillary congestion and perivascular edema. On the other hand, ischemic nerve cell changes were rather evident, revealing their degrees and extents being related to the prolongation of the time of caval occlusion which has followed by the sustained high pressures in both the superior vena and the cerebrospinal fluid. The experiment suggests the safety of this surgical procedure with minimal, if any, permanent damage as long as the occlusion of the caval blood flow is not prolonged beyond the expected.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.717-729
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• 2013

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive and low-cost technique that estimates body composition based on the distribution of water and electrolytes in the body by analyzing body's electrical responses to source voltages. In this work, we carried out a systematic literature review on BIA researches in traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM). For comparison, firstly we introduced the concept and principle of BIA, and offered a general overview of research trends in western medical perspectives. We searched through the databases of Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System and DataBase Periodical Information Academic for the articles published between 1994 and 2013, with keywords such as 'BIA', 'bioelectrical impedance' and 'impedance'. Among the rough-searched 274 articles, we finally selected 21 articles appropriate to the intended research field. The selected articles were categorized into diagnosis in Sasang medicine, impedance analysis in meridian system, and change of body composition after taking herbal medicine. We found that most of BIA researches in TEAM were preliminary and remained in the peripheral levels which is far behind the western medical research activities. Therefore, more efforts are needed to study BIA in association with major subjects such as pattern identification or physiological/pathological phenomena. In addition, methodological breakthrough of BIA is possible by applying the diagnostic concepts of the TEAM in relation to the balance of Qi and Blood.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2477-2479
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• 2012

Objective: To study the histomorphological pattern of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in Manipur and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between tumor grade and muscle invasion. Methods: A 10 year retrospective study of all consecutive cases diagnosed in the Department of Pathology RIMS - Imphal, between $1^{st}$ January 2001 to $31^{st}$ December 2010. Results: The study included 26 cases of transitional cell tumors of urinary bladder. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1 and the ages ranged from 38 years to 73 years (medians of 60 and 64 years, respectively). Of the total, 14 (53.9%) cases were low grade, 9 (34.6%) were high grade, 2 (7.7%) were papillomas and 1 (3.9%) was a papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Pathological staging showed that 14 (53.9%) of the cases were stage PTa, four (15.4%) PT1, and eight (30.9%) PT2. Some 18.2% of low grade tumors and 75% of high grade tumors were invasive to the detrusor muscle layer. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is an uncommon disease, transitional tumors being the only histological type observed. It was more common in males than females, with peak incidence in seventh decade. Most of the tumors were non-invasive (PTa) and invasion to the detrusor muscle layer was seen in more than half of the high grade tumors. There is a definite correlation between advancing tumor grade and muscle invasion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9211-9216
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• 2014

CXCR7 is involved in tumor development and metastasis in multiple malignancies. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of action of CXCR7 in human cervical cancer are still unclear. In the present study a loss of-function approach was used to observe the effects of recombinant CXCR7 specific small interfering RNA pBSilence1.1 plasmids on biological behavior including proliferative activity and invasive potential, as indicated by MTT assays with the cervical cancer SiHa cell line in vitro. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting revealed that CXCR7 was downregulated in transfected compared with control cells, associated with inhibited cell growth, invasiveness and migration. The expression of CXCR7 and CXCL12 was also determined immunohistochemically in 152 paraffin-embedded, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), or normal cervical epithelial to assess clinico-pathological pattern and CXCR7 status with respect to cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis in Uighur patients with CSCC. CXCR7 and CXCL12 expression was higher in cervical cancer than CIN and normal cervical mucosa, especially in those with higher stage and lymph node metastasis. CXCL12 appeared to be positively regulated by CXCR7 at the post-transcriptional level in CSCC. We propose that aberrant expression of CXCR7 plays a role in carcinogenesis, differentiation and metastasis of CSCC, implying its use as a potential target for clinical biomarkers in differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2009

TBX3 has demonstrated oncogenic activity as a downstream target of the Wnt/$\beta$-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, the aim was to determine whether overexpression of the TBX3 protein is involved in the development and/or progression of gastric cancers. We analyzed the expression pattern of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins in a series of 186 sporadic gastric cancers. Altered expression of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins was observed in 54 (29.0%) and 48 (25.8%) of the 186 gastric cancers. Statistically, overexpression of the TBX3 and $\beta$-catenin proteins was not associated with the clinical and pathological parameters studied including: histological type, tumor location, tumor size, and the 5-year survival (P>0.05). However, TBX3 overexpression was closely associated with lymph node metastasis and aberrant $\beta$-catenin expression (P<0.05). In addition, overexpression of the TBX3 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis of primary gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. These data suggest that TBX3 overexpression may play a role in the development and progression of sporadic gastric cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.731-736
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term survival time and adverse responses with nedaplatin (NDP) or cisplatin (DDP) concomitant with other chemotherapy in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, randomized, control study was conducted, in which 619 NSCLC patients in phases III and IV who were initially treated and re-treated were randomly divided into an NDP group (n=294) and a DDP group (n=325), the latter being regarded as controls. Chemotherapeutic protocols (CP/DP/GP/NP/TP) containing NDP or DDP were given to both groups. Patients in both groups were further divided to evaluate the clinical efficacies according to initial and re-treatment stage, pathological pattern, type of combined chemotherapeutic protocols, tumor stage and surgery. Results: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the NDP group were 48.6% and 95.2%, significantly higher than in the DDP group at 35.1% and 89.2%, respectively (P<0.01). In NSCLC patients with initial treatment, squamous carcinoma and phase III, there were significant differences in ORR and DCR between the groups (P<0.05), while ORR was significant in patients with adenocarcinoma, GP/TP and in phase IIIa (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in DCR in patients in phase IIIb (P<0.05). According to the statistical analysis of survival time of all patients and of those in clinical phase III, the NDP group survived significantly longer than the DDP group (P<0.01). The rates of decreased hemoglobin and increased creatinine, nausea and vomiting in the NDP group were evidently lower than in DDP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: NDP concomitant with other chemotherapy is effective for treating NSCLC, with higher clinical efficacy than DDP concomitant with chemotherapy, with advantages in prolonging survival time and reducing toxic and adverse responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3195-3199
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• 2016

Background: Skin cancer is a group of heterogeneous malignancies, in general classified into non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancer (MSC). Incidences are high in many parts in the world with considerable geographical and racial variation. In the Yemen, there has been scarce information about skin cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics and histological trend of skin cancer in Southern Governorates of Yemen. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered 204 cases of skin cancer at the Modern Histopathology Laboratory and Aden Cancer Registry and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, for the period 2006-2013. Data were classified regarding different demographic and tumor related variables and analyzed using CanReg-4 for cancer registry and SPSS (version 21). Results: The commonest encountered skin cancer was NMSC (93.1%). Generally, skin cancer appears slightly more frequently in females than males with a 1:1.06 male: female ratio, with a mean age of 62.9 years. Slightly higher than one-third (36.3%) were from Aden governorate. The head and neck proved to be the most common site in both males and females (58%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common histological type of skin cancer (50.5%). Conclusions: Skin cancer is a common cancer in patients living in southern governorates of Yemen. The pattern appears nearly similar to the international figures with a low incidence of MSC.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 2010

This single case study is to examine the gait parameter changes of a 12-year old patient with Cerebellar Astrocytomas using RAS in gait training program. Kinematic and temporospatial changes were analyzed using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. A total of nine RAS gait training sessions was provided and each training program took 30 minutes. Gait analysis revealed that the patient showed improvement in cadence, velocity, stride length, and step length and improved the range of joint movements by showing gait patterns similar to normal distribution from a pathological pattern. This study showed possibilities to apply the RAS technique to the various population including clients with cerebellum damaged; however more further research should be done in this area.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.104-106
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• 2008

Purpose: Fewer than 100 cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma have been reported in the literature since this entity was initially described by Keasbey in 1953 who called it calcifying juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. The tumor is a slowly growing, painless mass. In most cases the mass is poorly circumscribed and causes neither discomfort nor limitation of movement. Most lesions occur in children, with a peak incidence ages of 8-14 years. There is no evidence of any increased familial prevalence. Predilection sites are palm, finger, toe, but it also occurs in the wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, neck, abdominal wall, lumbar paravertebral area, leg and ankle. We herein describe a rare case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the chin with review of the literature. Methods: A 14-year-old male had painless, slowly growing mass(${\phi}2.5cm$) on a chin for a year. The tumor was excised elliptically under local anesthesia and the excisional site was repaired directly. Due pathological examination was processed. Results: Histological examination revealed an illdefined fibrous growth that extends with multiple processes into the surrounding tissue with centrally located foci of calcification. The tumor is composed of short spindled plump fibroblasts with round or ovoid nuclei separated by collagenous stroma, showing vaguely palisading pattern. Diagnosis of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma was conferred. Postoperatively, the patient did well, and the lesion had not recurred. Conclusion: Fewer than 100 cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma have been reported in the literature. The most common occurring sites are palm, finger & toe, but it has been reported in the wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm, neck, abdominal wall, lumbar paravertebral area, leg and ankle. Two cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the neck have been reported in the literature. To the authors knowledge, our case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma occurring on the chin is the first to be reported.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 1990

Trimethyltin (TMT) induced lesions in the rat hippocampal formation was reviewed. Adult rats were treated with a single dose of 6.0 mg TMT/kg b.w. and were sacrificed between 3-60 days following exposure. On the hippocampal formation, the granule cells of fascia dentata showed early changes which subsided considerably at a later time when the destruction of the pyramidal neurons of the Ammon's horn became increasingly pronounced with time, leading to severe destruction of the structure. It is interesting to note that there was an inverse relationship of pathological involvement between the f.d. granule cells and the Ammon's horn neurons; i.e., when there was a large sparing of the granule cells. there was an extensive damage to the Ammon's horn and vice versa. This inverse relationship was also true between the $CA_3$neurons and the $CA_{1,2}$neurons in the Ammon's horn. Progressive zinc loss, as demonstrated by Timm's method, on the Mossy fibers was also observed. Similar Mossy fiber zinc depletion has been demonstrated in electrical stimulatory excitation condition of the perforant path to the hippocampus. Depletion of corticosterone, an inhibitor to the hippocampal neurons, by means of adrenalectomy will exaggerate the TMT induced hippocampal lesion. Neonatal study revealed that a unique degenerative pattern of the Ammon's horn could be established in accordance with exposure to TMT at specific maturation periods of the fippocampal formation: increasing destruction of the Ammon's horn with increasing synaptogenesis between the f.d. granule cells and the Ammon's horn neurons. Thus it is apparent that the damage of the Ammon's horn, upon exposure to TMT, may depend on the integrity and functional state of the f.d. granule cells. A hyperexcitory scheme and mechanism as the toxicity basis of TMT in the hippocampal formation is proposed and discussed.