• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.595-598
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• 2014

Background: NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibits apoptosis through induction of antiapoptotic proteins and suppression of proapoptotic genes. Various chemotherapy agents induce NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and target gene activation. We conducted the present study to assess the predictive value of NF-${\kappa}B$ regarding pathologic responses after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 131 patients with locally advanced invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NF-${\kappa}B$ expression. Evaluation of pathologic response was elaborated with the Ribero classification. Results: Expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ was significantly associated with poor pathological response (p=0.02). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that the positive expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ yielded RR=1.74 (95%CI 0.77 to 3.94). Conclusions: NF-${\kappa}B$ can be used as a predictor of poor pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1991

Endosalpingiosis is defined as the ectopic location of tubal epithelium. The term is purely descriptive and does not necessarily imply either the direct origin from tubal mucosa or the similarity of function. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of endosalpingiosis in the patients with endosalpingiosis proven by pathologic investigation. The medical histories and pathologic reports of 22 endosalpingiosis patients who received the laparotomy at Seoul National University Hospital from August, 1982 to December, 1990 were reviewed. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution was from 26 to 46 years with the mean age of 34.0 years. 2. Twelve(54.6%) patients were nulligravida and the chief complaint of these patients was infertility(45.5%). 3. Six (27.3%) patients had the previous laparoscopic tubal sterilization by electrocautery or ring application. 4. Four (18.2%) patients had previous history of tubal pregnancy. 5. The most prevalent location of endosalpingiosis was the proximal segment of the salpinx, and the length of the proximal stump from the lesion was less than 1cm in 16(72.7%) patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.272-275
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• 2012

Objective : Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are generally regarded as benign tumors with typical radiologic and pathologic findings. However, they sometimes have unusual findings. We have analyzed radiologic findings and pathologic growth patterns on CPPs. Methods : The study group included 5 male and 5 female patients (age range, 3 months to 58 years : median, 29 years). The study group included 3 pediatric and 7 adult patients. All patients underwent surgery; 9 patients had a gross total resection and 1 patient had a subtotal resection. We analyzed the radiologic findings (location, size, mottle-like appearance, enhancement, calcifications, and hydrocephalus) and pathologic growth patterns (typical papillary, papillary and solid, and papillary and tubular). Results : The median follow-up duration was 21.3 months (range, 4-47.8 months). There were no recurrences after initial treatment. All patients had benign CPPs. Pediatric CPPs were 3.2 cm masses (range, 2.7-4 cm) with homogeneous enhancement and a mottle-like appearance, which pathologically showed the papillary growth pattern. Hydrocephalus was present in all pediatric patients. Postoperatively, subdural hygroma had occurred in two patients. In adults, CPPs were located in the fourth ventricle in 6 patients and suprasellar area in 1 patient. The size varied from 0.5-4.2 cm. Hydrocephalus and calcifications occurred in 3 and 4 patients, respectively. Three patients showed the heterogeneous enhancement without a mottle-like appearance and pathologically showed combined papillary and solid growth in 2 patients and papillary and tubular growth in one. Postoperatively, two patients with large masses had injuries of the brainstem and underwent shunt procedures for aggravation of hydrocephalus. Conclusion : CPPs may show unusual radiologic findings, which preoperatively give the difficulty to be differentiated from other tumors. CPPs with unusual radiologic findings showed the combined pathologic growth patterns.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

Purpose: The prognosis of gastric cancer depends on the depth of invasion, lymph-node metastasis, invasion to adjacent tissues, and distant metastasis. Recently, it is known that tumor-associated proteases and adhesion molecules have been shown to play a relevant role in the process of progression and metastasis. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the value of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase), cathepsin D and E-cadherin as prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 69 patients with gastric cancer were immunohistochemically studied using antibodies to MMP-2, cathepsin D, and E-cadherin, and their expressions were analyzed according to the pathologic stage, lymph-node metastasis, histological differentiation, and patient survival. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Increased expression of MMP-2 significantly correlated with advanced pathologic stage (P=0.026). Patients with lymph-node metastasis also had increased expression of MMP-2. Those patients with increased expression of MMP-2 showed a poorer survival; nevertheless, it was not statistically significant. Increased expression of cathepsin D significantly correlated with advanced pathologic stage (p=0.029). However, no correlation was observed between advanced pathologic stage and either lymph-node status or histological differentiation. Patients with increased expression of cathepsin D had a poorer survival, but that result was not statistically significant. No association was found between reduced expression of E-cadherin and pathologic stage, lymph-node status, or histological differentiation. Also, no correlation was found between the expression of E-cadherin and survival. In addition, when a combination of MMP-2 and cathepsin D expressions was analyzed, if both were negative, the survival seems to be longer, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In patients with gastric cancer, expressions of MMP-2 and cathepsin D correlated with tumor stage; therefore, they may be considered as prognostic factors.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.388-399
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• 2017

Generalized aggressive periodontitis cause intrabony pocket, loss of teeth, and severe alveolar bone defect. As a result, pathologic tooth migration occurs and esthetic problem happens according to this, especially on the anterior teeth of maxilla. The purpose of this study was to assess the multidisciplinary treatment including periodontics, orthodontics and prosthetics of a patient caused by generalized aggressive periodontitis. This study presents a case using full mouth periodontal treatment, immediate orthodontic treatment for 5 months, implantation with guided bone regeneration and free gingival graft, and prosthetic treatment. Treatments took totally 14 months. Periodontal indicators such as probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility improved. Also, the patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional improvement.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

This study is validity study of the questionnaire for doctors for Sasang constituion diagnosis. (an objects of this study : 314 patients) We analyzed the results of questionnaires about 314 patients who were diagnosed in Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from June to November, 2004. The questionnaire for doctors consists of objective valuation about the patients for Sasang constituion diagnosis. In the analysis about all variables, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 92%. In the analysis about body type variable, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 44-48%. In the analysis about external appearance, mental characteristics, physiology & pathologic symptoms variables, we obtain the diagnosis accuracy of 46-72%. After all, in order to increase of the diagnosis accuracy, we have to analysis total variables(body type, external appearance, mental characteristics, physiology & pathologic symptoms) for sasang constituion diagnosis. Hereafter, We need many data and standardization for sasang constituion diagnosis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

목적 : 절제 가능한 직장암 환자에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 예들(대상군)과 동일한 임상병기에서 수술만을 시행했던 예들(대조군)사이의 수술후 병리 조직학적 소견들을 비교하여 수술전 방사선 치료의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 :1995년 7월부터 1996년 4월까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 방사선종양 학과에서 수술전방사선치료를 받았던 19명의 환자중 수술을 시행받은 16명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이를 과거에 수술만을 시행했던 31명과 후향적분석을 통해 비교하였다. 진단 당시 이들의 임상병기 분류는 Thomas Jefferson(TJ) system을 이용하였다. 수술전 방사선 치료는 매일 180-200 cGy로 주 5회, 총 방사선 조사량 4500-5000cGy까지 시행하였으며, 방사선 치료가 끝나고 평균 4주후에 수술을 시행하였다. 수술후 병기 결정은 Modified Astler-Coiler(MAC) system을 이용하였다. 방사선 치료후 임상 병기에 따른 수술후 병리학적 병기와 소견을 관찰하고, 이 결과를 수술전 동일한 임상 병기를 지녔던 대조군의 병리학적 소견과 비교하였다 병리학적 소견으로는 종양세포의 혈관 침범, 림프관 침범및 신경조직주위 침범여부 등을 관찰하였다. 통계학적 방법으로는 chi-square test를 사용하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되었던 19명중 16명에서 종양의 위치에 관계없이 방사선 치료후 항문보존적 근치수술을 시행할수 있었으며, 방사선 치료후 1명$(6.3\%)$의 환자가 병리조직학적으로 완전반응을 보였다. 방사선 치료후에 항문보존적 근치수술을 시행했던 대상군과 수술만을 시행했던 대조군사 이의 임상적 병기와 수술후 병기를 비교해 보면 TJ stage III였던 경우, 9명의 대상군중에서는 완전반응을 보인 1명을 제외하고는, 8명 모두가 MAC stage B로 나타났으며$(88.9\%)$, 17명의 대조관에서는 B인 경우가 11명$(64.7\%)$, C인 경우가 6명$(35.3\%)$이었으며, TJ stage III였던 경우, 7명의 대상군에서는 MAC stage상 B인 경우가 4명$(57.1\%)$, C인 경우가 3명 $(42.9\%)$이었고, 14명의 대조관에서는 B인 경우가 4명$(28.6\%)$, C인 경우가 10명$(71.4\%)$이었다. 따라서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행했던 예들에서 병리학적 병기가 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 특히 방사선 치료후 MAC stage C 소견의 급격한 감소가 보였다(p=0.049). 병리학적인 소견으로 종양세포의 혈관 침범, 림프관 침범과 신경조직 주위 침범등이 대상군에서 대조군에 비하여 모두가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 동일한 임상 병기에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 군과 수술만을 시행한 군 사이의 수술후 병기는 수술전 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우에 비하여 병기가 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 특히 병리학적으로 종양세포의 림프관 침범 소견이 감소된 것은 방사선 치료군에서 수술후 MAC Stage C 소견이 감소된 것과 일치되는 소견을 보였다 이러한 결과를 통해 절제 가능한 직장암 환자에서 수술전 방사선 치료를 하는 것이 효과적일수 있다고 사료된다. 그러나, 좀 더 명확한 결론을 얻기 위해서는 더 많은 수의 환자들을 대상으로 장기적인 추적관찰을 하는 연구가 함께 이루어져야 할 것이라고 생각된다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1997

The pasteurization of bone tumor shows necrosis of tumor tissue and it is used widely as one of the options of limb salvage operation. However malignant tumors of the extremities commonly involve major neurovascular structures and pasteurization of this structure will make limb salvage operation much easier and safer than autogenous vein graft or artificial vessel graft. So the purpose of this study is to evaluate that the pasteurization can be applied in the limb salvage surgery of malignant tumor involving major vessels by means of studying the patency of pasteurized femoral vessels of the dogs. The right femoral arteries of 5 to 7 mm in diameters and veins of 7 to 10 mm in diameters of five dogs were pasteurized with sterile $60^{\circ}C$ saline for 30 minutes. Contralateral femoral vessels were evaluated for the control study. After one month, the changes in the pasteurized femoral vessels were evaluated by physical examinations, femoral angiography, gross findings, and pathologic findings on the each side. One month after pasteurization, the pulse of the femoral and popliteal arteries was palpated with normal tone on the each side of the all five experimental animals, and there was no gross swelling or necrotic changes in the legs. Femoral angiography showed a good patency of femoral and popliteal arteries. On the gross examinations at time of sampling of the specimen for the pathologic examinations, there was a good patency of femoral artery and vein, and mild fibrous adhesion was noted around the pasteurized femoral vessels. On the pathologic examinations, the more fibrotic adhesion and neocapillarization were noted in the outer layer of adventitia of the pasteurized femoral arteries and veins than the control sides. The vascular lumina were also patent in all cases. With these results, we suggest that the malignant tumor of the extremity involving major vessels is possibly treated by the limb salvage operation using the pasteurization of the involved vessels.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2011

목적: 단순 골낭종의 병적 골절 환자를 대상으로 단순 골낭종의 관해에 미치는 예후 인자에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년부터 2010년까지 본원에 내원한 단순 골낭종을 동반한 병적 골절 환자 13명을 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 추시 기간은 26개월(3-90개월)이었다. 성별은 남자 11명, 여자 2명이었으며, 평균 나이는 10.2세(6-16세)였다. 발생 부위는 근위 상완골 9명, 상완골 간부 2명, 근위 대퇴골 1명, 근위 경골 1명이었다. 단순 골낭종의 병적 골절에 대하여 보존적 치료로 단순 석고 고정 후 골절 유합을 시도하였으며, 1명은 일차적으로 골이식 및 관헐적 정복술과 내고정술을 시행하였다. 5명의 환자에서 치료 경과 중 스테로이드 주사를 시행하였으며, 2명에서 골이식을 시행하였다. 병적 골절 치료 중의 단순 골낭종의 변화 및 연령, 낭종의 크기, 성장판 침범 정도에 따른 단순 골낭종의 예후 인자에 대해 분석하였다. 결과: 병적 골절 후 전례에서 평균 8.2개월에 골유합을 얻었으며, 13명의 환자 중 4명(31%)에서 골낭종의 완전 관해를 보였다. 발병 나이에 따른 단순 골낭종 관해의 통계적 차이는 없었지만(p=0.42), 낭종의 크기가 클수록, 성장판에 근접한 경우 관해를 얻기가 어려웠다(p=0.05, p=0.03). 결론: 단순 골낭종의 병적 골절에서 관해가 이루어질 수 있으나, 낭종의 크기가 크거나 성장판에 근접한 경우에는 좀 더 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 보인다.