• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.118-131
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• 1995

According to the oriental medicine study on G.B.S, we obtained the result as follows : 1. G.B.S was inclined in flacid paralysis and pain and numbness(痺) in oriental medicine. 2. Etiology factors of G.B.S was classified exogenous and endogenous pathogenic factors. The formers was warmth and heat(濕熱), summer heat and dampness(暑濕), dampness and heat(濕熱), and cool and dampness(寒濕), the latter was the deficiency in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency of Yin(vital essence) in both the liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛) the factor of dampness and heat(濕熱) was most numerous. 3. Pathological mechanism of G.B.S was close connected with the five viscera - the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the kidney(腎), the lung(肺) 4. Differentiation of Symptom-Complexes(辨症) in the G.B.S was consumption type of nutrient fluid due to heat symptom in the lung(肺熱傷津), fullness type of dampness and heat(濕熱侵淫), defiency type in both the spleen and the kidney(脾腎不足), deficiency type in both the spleen and the stomach(脾胃虛弱), deficiency type in the liver and the kidney(肝腎兩虛) 5. Acupuncture treatment for G.B.S was mainly Yangmoung channels of both the hand and the foot.(手足陽明經)

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1987

In order to determine the virulence properties of eleven strains of Sh. flexneri isolated from diarrheal patients the congo red test, the $Ser{\acute{e}}ny$ test, the HeLa cell invasion test and electrophoresis of plasmids were carried out. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Virulent strains were not determined by the result of Congo red absorption test. 2. Virulent strains showed positive reaction by the Sereny test and the HeLa cells invasion, but avirulent strains revealed negative reaction at those tests. 3. The temperature condition of bacterial growth was a factor of virulent expression. 4. Virulent strains were mostly possessed of a 130.3 Mdal plasmid, but avirulent strains were not.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important molecule, which mediates diverse cellular processes. For example, it is involved in regulation of sugar uptake/catabolism, DNA replication, cell division, and motility in various acterial species. In addition, cAMP is one of the critical regulators for syntheses of virulence factors in many pathogenic bacteria. It is believed that cAMP acts as a signal for environmental changes as well as a regulatory factor for gene expressions. Therefore, intracellular concentration of cAMP is finely modulated by according to its rates of synthesis (by adenylate cyclase), excretion, and degradation (by cAMP phosphodiesterase). In the present review, we discuss the bacterial physiological characteristics governed by CAMP and the molecular mechanisms for gene regulation by cAMP. Furthermore, the effect of cAMP on phosphotransferase system is addressed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

Since the identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLR) in Drosophila, numerous scientific studies have examined the role of TLRs in host innate immunity. Recent studies have suggested a convergence of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling and cytokine production regulated by the cytosolic elicitor known as NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing domain receptors) as a key modulator in inflammatory diseases. Among the NLRs, NOD1 and NOD2 have been intensively investigated for its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, NLRs such as NLRP3, NLRP1, and NLRC4 (also known as IPAF) have been identified to form the inflammasome to activate downstream signaling molecules in response to pathogenic microbes. There is evidence to suggest that substantial crosstalk exists for the TLR and NLR signaling pathway in response to pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the substrate and the mechanistic role of NLRs are largely unknown in innate immune response. Understanding the signaling mechanisms by which NLRs recognize PAMP and other danger signals will shed light on elucidating the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases such as IBD.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.613-620
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• 2017

The most common form of senile dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid ${\beta}-peptide$ ($A{\beta}$) plaques and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex. Tau abnormalities are commonly observed in many neurodegenerative diseases including AD, Parkinson's disease, and Pick's disease. Interestingly, tau-mediated formation of NFTs in AD brains shows better correlation with cognitive impairment than $A{\beta}$ plaque accumulation; pathological tau alone is sufficient to elicit frontotemporal dementia, but it does not cause AD. A growing amount of evidence suggests that soluble $A{\beta}$ oligomers in concert with hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) serve as the major pathogenic drivers of neurodegeneration in AD. Increased $A{\beta}$ oligomers trigger neuronal dysfunction and network alternations in learning and memory circuitry prior to clinical onset of AD, leading to cognitive decline. Furthermore, accumulated damage to mitochondria in the course of aging, which is the best-known nongenetic risk factor for AD, may collaborate with soluble $A{\beta}$ and pTau to induce synapse loss and cognitive impairment in AD. In this review, I summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular biology of AD and also the mechanisms that underlie $A{\beta}-mediated$ neurodegeneration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2006

The characteristics of the extracellular products (ECPs) of Vibrio harveyi grown under various conditions were studied. The extracellular products (ECPs) of Vibrio harveyi is well known as an important pathogenic factor. The optimal isolation condition of the V. harveyi ECPs was incubation with 1.5% NaCl added TSA medium at 25℃ for 24 h. The buffer system for ECPs isolation controlled as pH 8.0 displayed optimal condition. The major protein of ECPs isolated from the five V. harveyi strains originated from Korea (FF8, FF10, FR1, FR2 and FT1 strain) were revealed to serine protease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.117-120
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• 2014

Several studies have reported that the citrus red mites Panonychus citri were an important allergen of citrus-cultivating farmers in Jeju Island. The aim of the present study was to purify and assess properties of a cysteine protease from the mites acting as a potentially pathogenic factor to citrus-cultivating farmers. A cysteine protease was purified using column chromatography of Mono Q anion exchanger and Superdex 200 HR gel filtration. It was estimated to be 46 kDa by gel filtration column chromatography and consisted of 2 polypeptides, at least. Cysteine protease inhibitors, such as trans poxy-succinyl-L-leucyl-amido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64) and iodoacetic acid (IAA) totally inhibited the enzyme activities, whereas serine or metalloprotease inhibitors did not affect the activities. In addition, the purified enzyme degraded human IgG, collagen, and fibronectin, but not egg albumin. From these results, the cysteine protease of the mites might be involved in the pathogenesis such as tissue destruction and penetration instead of nutrient digestion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 1986

Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus from piglets suffering from exudative epidermitis and healthy pigs was performed, and some properties of the isolates were examined. Twentry-six litters of exudative epidermitis observed in the field were sucking piglets with ages ranging from 1 to 5 weeks and most (73.1%) of these cases occurred in piglets between 2 and 3 weeks of age. Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus was isolated front 192(38.9%) of 494 healthy pigs. The rate of isolation of these organism from healthy pigs was found to vary greatly among farms at an isolation rate of 33.3% to 45.5% and this organism was isolated more frequently front sucking piglets below the age of 8 weeks than adult pigs. All of the isolates originated from the diseased and healthy pigs were positive in heat-stable DNase, Tween 80 hydrolysis, gelatinase, protease, but negative in clumping factor and hemelysin on sheep blood agar. There was no difference related to origin in the production of extracellular active substances. Typical lesions of the classic exudative epidermitis were produced by inoculation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the diseased and healthy pigs. The pathogenic potentials of isolates from healthy pigs were no different from that of the isolates obtained from diseased pigs.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.51-68
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• 2005

Objective : Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) was compiled by Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) of the Jin(金) Dynasty of China. He invented unique medical theory and treatment such as three excretive methods(perspiratory, vomitory and purgative therapy). The aim of this study was to make the best use of the therapeutic theory of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) connected with pediatrics. Methods: We conducted literature search in detail for contents of Rumenshiqin(儒門事親) and reviewed various kinds of books. Results : Zhang Zi Huo(張子和) recognized that children had pure-yang bodies(純陽之體) and emphasized that children need to prevent heat-stagnation(鬱熱) and asthenic yin(損陰). He instructed that a principle of raising such as wearing thin clothes, eating fresh food, harboring little desire and little anger, and taking temperate medicine. He described that pathogenic factors were mistake of rearing, misuse of medicine, exogenous factor, and excessive emotion. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is concluded that his therapeutic theory should be used at present.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2019

Knowledge base means a library stored in computer system providing useful information or appropriate solutions to specific area. Knowledge base associated with autism is the complex multidimensional information set related to the disease autism for its pathogenic factor and therapy. This paper focuses on the knowledge of biological molecular information extracted from massive biomedical texts with the aid of widespread used machine learning methods. Six classes of biological molecular information (such as protein, DNA, RNA, cell line, cell component, and cell type) are concerned and the probability statistics method, conditional random fields (CRFs), is utilized to discover these knowledges in this work. The knowledge base can help biologists to etiological analysis and pharmacists to drug development, which can at least answer four questions in question-answering (QA) system, i.e., which proteins are most related to the disease autism, which DNAs play important role to the development of autism, which cell types have the correlation to autism and which cell components participate the process to autism. The work can be visited by the address http://134.175.110.97/bioinfo/index.jsp.