• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

최근 언제 어디서나 고품질의 인터넷 서비스 이용에 대한 필요성이 증가함에 따라, 인터넷 또는 셀룰러 망과 같은 기반 망과 연동된 하이브리드 애드 혹 네트워크에 대한 연구가 중요해지고 있다. 이러한 통합 네트워크는 홈 네트워크, 텔레매틱스, 센서 네트워크 분야 등에서 사용자 요구에 부합하는 다양한 종류의 서비스 제공이 가능해진다. 그러나 무선 이동 네트워크에서 불안정한 링크에 의한 전송 거리와 전송 대역폭 및 이동 노드의 배터리 제약은 대용량의 실시간 데이터 처리를 요구하는 서비스의 원활한 제공을 어렵게 만든다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기반 망에서 제공하는 인프라를 활용하여 에너지 효율성을 고려한 클러스터 기반의 계층적 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 인덱스 기반의 브로드캐스팅 기법을 적용한 경로 전달 모델을 통해 노드가 필요한 정보만을 선택적으로 청취함으로써 불필요한 에너지 손실을 줄인다. 또한, 경로 탐색 및 유지비용과 경로 설정에 필요한 지연시간을 줄였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.2003-2012
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• 1970

In order to the influence of grain size distribution on compressive strength and coefficient of permeability, unconfined compression test and permeability test were performed for seventy samples that have various grain-size distributions. Its results are as follows: 1. Maximum unconfined compressive strength appears at the dry side of optimum moisture content. 2. Unconfined compressive strength is proportional to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve. 3. Precent of deformation in failure increases in proportion to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve, and modulus of No. 200 sieve, and modulus of deformation also increases in proportion to percent passing of No. 200 sieve. 4. Unconfined compressive strength increases in proportion to uniformity coefficient, liquid limit and plastic index, but it decreases gradually according to the increase of coefficient of grading and classification area. 5. Maximum dry density decreases according to the increase of void ratio. 6. Coefficient of permeability decreases according to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve, and when percent of No. 200 sieve, and when percent passing of No. 200 enlarged more than 40%, it becomes less than $10^{-6}cm/sec$ which is the limit of coefficient of permeability of core material for earth dam proposed by Lee. 7. Coefficient of permeability increases according to the increase of coefficient of grading, classification area and index of Talbot formula r, but it was rather decrease by the increase of uniformity coefficient. 8. Coefficient of permeability seems to depend on the size and the shape of the flow path which is a series of void to be concerned by the size and the proprton of soil grain, even though void ratios are same.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.267-282
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• 2008

대류층의 중성 대기는 전자가파의 신호 지연을 일으키기 때문에, GNSS(Global Navigation Satel-lite System)를 이용한 정밀측위의 가장 큰 오차요인으로 작용한다. 대류층 지연오차는 대류층의 굴절률과 연관 있으며, 대류층의 굴절률은 경험적으로 압력, 온도 및 수증기 분압으로 표현된다. 따라서 GNSS 안테나 위치의 기상 정보를 알고 있다면, 대류층 지연오차는 경험적 법칙에 의해 산출될 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 임의의 장소와 시간에 대한 대류층 지연오차를 생성하기 위한 기상정보 생성에 대하여 연구하였다. 한국천문연구원이 운영하는 9개의 상시 관측소에 설치된 디지털 기상 센서의 관측값을 가지고 범용 크리깅 (Ordinary Kriging)을 적용하여 기상 정보를 생성하였고, 상시 관측소의 데이터 공백을 메우기 위해 각 상시관측소의 기상 데이터를 분석하여 수치 모델을 만들어 보완하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.623-631
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• 1998

Pyrite contained in wasted ore dumps induces a strong acid environment when it contacts oxygenated rainfall. Present research was designed to evaluate the pollution of an area that is supposedly contaminated by pyrite of ore wasted dumps form in Chonju Il Mine. Measured are the pH and selected heavy metal elements in the supposedly polluted hydrologic system. The samples include three types : those collected from the stream waters; those from the stream sediments; and those from the rice field soil scattered over the area. The dispersion path of the pollution source was also traced. The pH of the hydrologic system ranged from 3.44 to 5.46, which clearly indicates that the area is on the acid environment. The pH tends to rise as the distance from the minehead increases. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the stream water varies as follows; Mn=69.73~1.99ppm, Cd=0.02~0.03ppm, Zn=0.77~1.18ppm, Cu=0.04~0.13ppm, Pb=0.22~0.32ppm. The stream water in this state may induce serious heavy metal pollution to the agricultural land and the water for human life especially in the villages down the stream. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the stream sediment varies as follows; Mn=245.0~4685.0ppm, Cd=10.0~15.0ppm, Zn=105.0~210.0ppm, Cu=65.0~155.0ppm, Pb=90.0~150.0ppm. The content of heavy metal elements dissolved in the rice field soil varies as follows; Mn=185.0~260.0ppm, Cd=10.0~15.0ppm, Zn=135.0~180.0ppm, Cu=65.0~90.0ppm, Pb=100.0~130.0ppm. The pollution index in the stream sediment and the rice field sell is 1.36~2.03, which shows that pollution had already begun all over the area where the samples were collected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1411-1420
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the effects of season and single layer centrifugation (SLC) before cryopreservation on post-thaw bull sperm quality in Thailand. Methods: Semen was collected from 6 bulls (Bos indicus) in summer, rainy season and winter 2014 through 2016. Semen characteristics, sperm morphology, sperm kinematics, viability, chromatin structure and mitochondrial membrane were evaluated. Meteorological data were available from the local meteorological station; Results: Season had an effect on semen characteristics in the raw ejaculate, with higher proportions of normal spermatozoa and lower abnormalities in winter than in the other two seasons. Sperm kinematics, viability, DNA fragmentation index, and mitochondrial membrane potential were not different between seasons. Sperm samples selected by SLC had greater normal morphology and a lower proportion with bent tails than controls and higher values of progressive motility (PRO), beat cross frequency, linearity, straightness, wobble (WOB), and lower values of slow motility, velocity average path (VAP), velocity curved line, and amplitude of lateral head displacement than controls. In addition, SLC-selection had a favorable effect on PRO, VAP, and WOB that differed among seasons. Conclusion: Our results suggested that these bulls were well adapted to their location, with season having an effect on sperm morphology. Moreover, SLC could be used prior to cryopreservation, regardless of season, to enhance normal morphology and kinematics of bull sperm samples without adversely affecting other parameters of sperm quality. However, there was considerable variation among bulls in DNA fragmentation index, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm viability. In addition, SLC had a positive effect on sperm morphology and sperm kinematics, which could be expected to influence fertility.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to measure the standing balance symmetry of stroke patients using a force-plate with computer system, and to investigate the correlation between the standing balance symmetry and that of the walking function in stroke patients. Methods: 48 patients with stroke (34 men, 14 women, $56.8{\pm}11.72$ years old) participated in this study. Static standing balance was evaluated by the weight distribution on the affected and the nonaffected lower limbs, sway path, sway velocity, and sway frequency, which reflected the characteristic of body sway in quiet standing. Dynamic standing balance was evaluated by anteroposterior and mediolateral sway angle, which revealed the limit of stability during voluntary weight displacement. Symmetry index of static standing balance, (SI-SSB) calculated by the ratio of the affected weight distribution for the nonaffected weight distribution, and symmetric index of dynamic standing balance (SI-SDB) by the ratio of the affected sway angle for the nonaffected sway angle. Functional balance assessed by a Berg balance scale (BBS), and the functional walking by 10m walking velocity, as well as the modified motor assessment scale (mMAS). Results: Static balance scales and SI-SSB was the only correlation with BBS (p<0.05). Dynamic balance scales and SI-DSB, not only was correlated with BBS, but also with 10m walking velocity and mMAS (p<0.01). Additionally, there was a significant difference between SI-SSB and that of SI-DSB (p<0.01). Conclusion: The balance and the walking function relate to real life in the stroke showed strong relationships with the dynamic standing balance symmetry in the frontal plane and the ability of anterior voluntary weight displacement in sagittal plane.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.979-986
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and periodontal disease. Methods: The data used for the analysis were obtained from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015). A total of 5,632 adults, aged over 19 years, were included in the study. This study analyzed data relating to socioeconomic status and health behaviors. The socioeconomic status was defined as an exogenous factor. Periodontal disease was the endogenous variable. Health behavior was a mediating variable. The study hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling analysis with Mplus 7.0 software. Results: According to the model fit test, the associated root-mean-square error was 0.05 (90% CI: 0.046-0.059); comparative fit index was 0.93; Tucker-Lewis index was 0.88; and standardized root-mean-square residual was 0.03. We found that socioeconomic status had significant effects on health behaviors (${\beta}=0.304$, p<0.001) and periodontal disease (${\beta}=-0.289$, p=0.001). Moreover, health behaviors had significant effects on periodontal diseases (${\beta}=0.143$, p<0.001). The analysis of a possible relationship between socioeconomic status and periodontal disease using path analysis demonstrated health behaviors difficulties, along with direct and indirect effects, further increased the risk of periodontal disease. Conclusions: The findings suggest that future interventions for the prevention of periodontal disease should consider health behavior.

• 재활복지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-167
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 장애인 가구의 소득과 소비지출 수준에 따라 생활만족도 간 어떠한 영향관계가 있는지 알아보고, 이들의 영향관계에서 사회 경제적 지위가 매개역할을 하는지를 파악하는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 장애인고용패널 8차 자료를 활용 하였으며, 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가구소득은 엥겔계수와 슈바베지수에 부적(-)영향, 사회 경제적 지위와 생활만족도에는 정적(+)영향을 주었다. 또한, 엥겔계수는 사회 경제적 지위에는 부적(-)영향, 생활만족도에는 정적(+)영향을 주었고, 슈바베지수는 사회 경제적 지위에 부적(-)영향을 주었지만, 생활만족도에는 영향을 주지 못했으며 사회경제적지위는 생활만족도에 정적(+)영향을 주었다. 한편, 사회 경제적 지위는 가구소득과 생활만족도, 엥겔계수와 생활만족도 간 경로에서는 부분매개를, 슈바베지수와 생활만족도 간 경로에서는 완전매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 장애인의 생활만족도에 있어 주관적 계층의식을 나타내는 사회 경제적 지위의 역할과 중요성 그리고 소득보장을 위한 경제활동의 필요성을 강조하였으며 이를 위해 필요한 정책적 방향을 논의하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2018

하이브리드 로켓에서 고주파수 대역의 압력진동(p')과 열 방출 진동(q')이 양의 결합이 저주파수 연소불안정 발생에 필수조건임을 검증하기 위한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 후연소실 길이와 연소 당량비를 변수로 설정하여 p' 진폭과 p', q'의 위상차를 조절하였으며 저주파수 연소불안정의 억제 여부를 판단하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 후연소실 길이가 증가하여도 p', q'의 위상차는 ${\pi}/2$ 이하로 연소불안정 발생조건을 유지하지만 p', q'의 결합강도인 RI(Rayleigh index)의 주기적 증폭이 약화되면서 연소불안정이 억제됐다. 또한 특정한 당량비에서 연소불안정이 발생하므로 순간 당량비를 변화시켜 p', q'의 결합을 음의 결합으로 천이시켜 연소 안정화가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 따라서 고주파수 p', q'이 양의 결합과 RI의 주기적인 증폭으로 연결될 때 저주파수 연소불안정이 나타나는 발생 메커니즘의 중간 경로도 확인하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

Background: The mid-term performance of clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment period is not performed in clinical practice and usually replaced with one-time plan quality assurance (QA). In this research we aim to monitor daily reproducibility of VMAT delivery from tracking individual leaf movement error and dosimetric error to evaluate the mid-term quality of the machine used. Materials and Methods: First, multileaf collimator (MLC) information was imported into MATLAB program to determine which of the MLC leaves in the leaf bank had the maximum RMS position error (maxRMS). We estimated where the maximum positional errors (maxPE) of the chosen leaf occur along its path length and tracked its daily variations over the entire treatment period. Secondly, picture information of dosimetric error from portal dosimetry was imported into MATLAB where representative high gamma index region (HGR) was determined as HGR with length of > 1 cm and their centers were daily tracked. Results and Discussion: The maxPEs in the brain and tongue cases were distributed broader than in other cases, but all data were found located within ${\pm}0.5mm$. From first day to last day all of five cases show the similar visual pattern of HGRs and Centers of the longest HGRs remained within ${\pm}1mm$ of that in first day. These findings prove excellent mid-term performance of the LINAC used in VMAT treatments over a full course of treatment. Conclusion: Tracking the daily location changes of leaf movement and dosimetric error can be a good indicator of predicting the daily quality like stability and reproducibility of beam delivering in VMAT treatment.