• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine group differences in paternal behaviors (i.e., paternal connection, paternal punitiveness, and paternal knowledge) within and across three academic achievement levels-low, moderate, and high, and to explore the effects of paternal behaviors on the academic motivation of Chinese adolescents within these three achievement groups. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that adolescents with low achievement perceived their fathers as more punitive than teens with moderate and high academic achievement. Regression analyses also revealed that paternal punitiveness (negative) and paternal knowledge (positive) were significant predictors of academic motivation for teens with low levels of academic achievement; while paternal punitiveness was a significant negative predictor of academic motivation among adolescents with moderate achievement. In contrast, for adolescents with high achievement, paternal connection was a positive significant predictor of academic motivation. The present findings provide some evidence that the impact of parental behaviors on teen's motivation varies across adolescent academic achievement levels, which may prove useful for professionals working with fathers to help target the most effective parenting behaviors to foster academic motivation.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2013

The significance of father's parenting has been considered as a critical factor in facilitating growth and development and in promoting wellbeing of children. Pediatric nursing is a pertinent science to develop parenting roles, because it deals with knowledge and skills on growth and development and health of child. For this paper current studies were reviewed related to consequences to the family, content and factors influencing paternal parenting, and father's reactions to child rearing participation. Perspectives of future studies in pediatric nursing are summarized as follows. First, paternal parenting has to be studied more actively to contribute to family health and to meet the academic responsibility of pediatric nursing. Second, it is necessary to study the consequences to child's health and health behavior of paternal parenting. Also it is necessary to be concerned about fathers' reactions, like stress in parenting behavior, to understand the parenting father himself. Third, an objective measure of caregiving behavior (not self-reporting) is needed to determine whether the father is behaving appropriately. Further, experimental research has to be implemented to develop intervention programs for paternal parenting. It is hoped that the examination of these studies leads to develop of knowledge and practice in paternal parenting.

• 한국노년학
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.851-865
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 여대생의 노인부양의식, 노인에 대한 지식 및 태도, 부양의식관련 특성을 파악하고 이들 간의 관계를 확인하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구는 서울소재 한 여자대학교 교양수업시간에 노인부양의식과 노인에 대한 지식 및 태도에 대한 설문지를 이용하여 실시하였다. 연구결과 97.7%의 여대생이 결혼 후 직업 갖기를 희망하였고, 52.8%는 시부모와 별거를 희망하였으며, 48.5%는 부모부양 시 '형편에 따라 책임진다'고 하였고, 91.8%는 노인부양의 주된 책임을 가정이 지되, 국가가 지원하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각하는 것으로 확인되었다. 여대생의 노인부양의식은 평균 115.50점으로 파악되었고, 노인에 대한 지식점수는 평균 10.21점, 정답률 40.9%로 나타났으며, 노인에 대한 태도는 평균 84.19점이었다. 여대생의 노인부양의식은 종교, 한 달 용돈, 제사지내기의 여부, 장래 부모부양, 장래 시부모동거, 이상적인 부양형태에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고, 부-조모 관계, 모-조부관계, 모-조모관계, 모-외조부관계가 좋은 경우 그렇지 않은 경우보다 노인 부양의식이 높았다. 또한 여대생의 노인에 대한 지식이 많고 태도가 긍정적일수록 노인부양의식수준이 높았다. 따라서 여대생은 노인부양과 관련하여 전통적인 가정의 역할을 중시하면서 경제적 활동에 참여하길 원하여 갈등의 상황에 직면할 수 있고, 이들의 부양의식에는 부모와 조모 간의 관계가 좋은 경우, 노인에 대한 많은 지식과 긍정적 태도가 관련됨을 알 수 있었다. 가정과 국가, 세대 간 갈등이 우려되는 상황 속에서 여성의 역할이 중요하므로 본 연구를 바탕으로 여대생뿐 아니라 전체 여성을 대상으로 하는 지속적인 연구와 관찰, 인식전환, 교육 및 사회통합을 위한 관리프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2001

Pu-lei is a well-known translator in Chinese literature. He had delivered his experience, knowledge and paternal love to his son who was studying abroad, by hundreds of letters from 1954 to 1966. These letters are appreciated as the perfect expression for paternal love and concerns. Although he had experienced both cultures of the West and the East, his lessons for son are rooted in the oriental‘sprit training’. What he emphasized in his letters is that one should put sound personality first than merely enhancing abilities. Especially, he valued the recreation from meditation and living up to one's belief. Furthermore, he had taught his son to observe the properties, to manage time, and pride of his country and patriotism. The modern family education has overlooked the enhancement of human nature. The egoistic and jaundiced parental love and over-protectiveness led the disorder and the absence of morality today. In this point, the lessons from Pu-lei's letter will give us important suggestions.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking prevention program on changing the knowledge and attitude about smoking behavior of elementary school students, In September 1993, as a pretest, a total of 1492 students from 4 elementary schools in Seoul were assessed with self-completing questionnaire pertaining to knowledge and attitude about smoking. Among them, 704 students from 2 schools were assigned to intervention group and 788 students from other 2 schools were assigned to control group. Smoking prevention program was implemented in intervention group for about six months. In September 1994, as a posttest, all students were reassessed with the same questionnaire. The overall experimental smoking rate of students in the study was 8.0%; 13.4% in males and 2.9% in females. The baseline smoking knowledge score of intervention group and control group was 12.3 and 12.0, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. But each score collected after one year interval was 15.3 and 13.0, respectively, which were significantly different(p<0.01). The main items of attitude, such as 'future intention to smoke', were not significantly changed by the intervention. Important predictors of 'future intention to smoke' in males were past history of experimental smoking, paternal smoking and knowledge about smoking. In females, past history of experimental smoking and knowledge about smoking were important predictors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of fathers about early childhood parenting. Methods: Selected fathers of children in early childhood were interviewed, and an open-ended questionnaire was utilized to identify the fathers' awareness of the meaning of parenting, priority for parenting, opinions on paternal roles as a child raiser, parenting difficulties, and what education they wanted to receive as fathers. After their statements were collected, a content analysis was done. Results: Results of the content analysis showed there were 45 significant statements, which were classified into 17 categories. The fathers saw the meaning of parenting as being in five different domains: social, cognitive, emotional, physical and environmental. As for paternal roles, they thought that a fathers should serve as emotional supporters. The parenting difficulties that they faced were attributed to time constraints. Conclusion: For fathers, development of parent education programs that deal with early childhood parenting knowledge, communication methods and how to play with children according to their developmental stages are required, and qualitative research should be implemented to keep track of the process of changes in parenting characteristics.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1115-1124
• /
• 2008

Although parent-child relationships are fundamental aspects of human development across all societies, this relationship is also shaped in significant ways by culture. Therefore, the present study sought to determine whether adolescent autonomy was predicted in a similar or differential manner by several parent-adolescent variables consisting of parenting behavior, parental authority, and parents' educational attainment in samples of Chinese and American adolescents. The sample for this study included 418 Chinese adolescents and 226 American adolescents. Utilizing structural equation modeling, the results revealed that the effect of paternal authority on adolescent autonomy development is indirect, with the indirect effect being mediated by the authoritative parenting behaviors for both cultural groups. Therefore, the analyses for Chinese and European American youth generated similar association patterns, such that parenting behaviors served as a mediator in the relationship between paternal authority and adolescents' autonomy development. The significance of this present study is to contribute to existing knowledge in the field of adolescent development and to the literature on how parental behaviors and authority in collectivistic societies and individualist societies influence adolescent development.

• 한국가정과학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.47-62
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is comparing parenting efficacy, knowledge of infant-care and sensitivity, The subjects of this study were 100 parents having 12-24 monthes old child in the city of Jeonju, Korea. Parenting efficacy was developed by Shin, Suk-Jae(1997) and consisting of 16 questions. The knowledge of infant-care was assessed using Knowledge of Child Development Inventory(KCDI) by Yoon Hyung Ju, which was modified by pedology Professor and 3 graduate school students in master's or doctorate courses. In addition, by using a tool made by Gwon, Mi-Gyeong(1998) centering on the literatures on infant cue in Barnard's NCAST program, the parents' sensitivity of infant cue is investigated. The statistical analysis of the collected data is done with SPSS 10.0, and frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t/F test and Pearson's correlation are also used. The results of this study were as following: First, mother's parenting efficacy was higher than father's. There were significant differences in parenting efficacy by eudcational level of mothers. Second, knowledge of infant-care was higher in mothers than fathers. Areas that mothers have knowledge of infant-care in the order of the lowest areas are emotional development, sociality development, physical development and cognitive development. Third, mothers reaction to infant cue is more sensitive and positive than father's. Fourth, There were positive correlations with father's parenting efficacy and knowledge of infant-care on emotional development, and paternal parenting uneasiness has negative correlations with his sociality development and emotional development.Meanwhile, There were positive correlations with mother's parenting efficacy and knowledge of infant-care on emotional development. Maternal parenting efficacy has negative correlations with her knowledge of infant-care on emotional development.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1731-1736
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this article is to introduce a useful methodology of effective goal-setting for the team-level units. As a way to overcome some common symptoms in terms of Strategic Performance Evaluation System such as lack of knowledge on goal-setting, disconnection of process, problem of judging the degree of difficulty about objectives, limits of staff departments evaluation, fairness and authority of evaluators, weakness in coaching technique, and quantity or figure-oriented evaluation, to name a few, and to seek a more plausible goal-setting methodology, the author suggests a persuasive goal-setting concept: VAR(Value-Added Results). VAR, as the end-results, is the team contributions that add value to the organization, and it results from the team's activities. In addition to these goal-setting technique based on the concept of value-added results, several aspects should be improved for Strategic Performance Evaluation System to be implemented more effectively. They are: 1) shift from MBO to MP & D(Managing Performance & Development), 2) impartial exercise of evaluation authority as a organizational public assets, 3) reinforcement of maternal leadership and servantship instead of paternal leadership, 4) utilization of IT-based evaluation system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study examined the changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in the parents of Korean adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after participating in the Korean version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS^® -YA-K). Methods: Forty-six parents were enrolled (mean age 54.7 years; 22 fathers and 24 mothers), of whom 27 participated in the PEERS^® - YA-K as social coaches. Participants completed self-report scales, including the Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge (TYASSK), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R). The scales were administered three times: before and after the 16-week program and 4 months after the program ended. Differences between participant variables at pretreatment, post-treatment, and follow-up were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Results: Participants showed a significant improvement in their social skills knowledge (TYASSK) (p<0.01). There was a significant improvement in the BAI and BDI scores of parents with severe depressive and anxiety symptoms at the baseline (p<0.05). Paternal paranoia and maternal hostility results also significantly improved on the SCL-90-R. Conclusion: This study suggests that PEERS^® -YA-K can reduce parental anxiety and depressive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to compare the degree of depression and anxiety after PEERS^® -YA-K in parents of adults with ASD.