• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2018

Gouty arthritis is a common crystal arthropathy, but gout tophus in the bipartite patella is a rare condition. This report presented a traumatic separation of bipartite patellar fragment caused by mild trauma in a patient with comorbid gout. When a patient with bipartite patella and underlying gouty arthritis complains of pain after trauma, clinical suspicion is needed about fragment separation of the bipartite patella.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.218-221
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• 2013

A patella sleeve fracture is a type of avulsion fracture in which a small osseous fragment gets, along with a sleeve of periosteum and cartilage, is pulled off from the patella. The avulsed sleeve of cartilage and periosteum is not apparent on plain radiographs, which can result in a missed diagnosis or an underestimate of the extent of injury. An avulsion or sleeve fracture of the patella in a child can occur at the superior or the inferior pole of the patella. However, most reported cases of sleeve fractures involve the inferior patellar pole, with fractures involving the superior patellar pole being very rare. The authors report a case of a sleeve fracture of the superior pole of the patella in an adolescent; the fracture was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was treated with surgery after early diagnosis. The course was uneventful, and the outcome was excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.272-276
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• 2021

Most acute patella dislocations can be reduced closely using a spontaneous or simple maneuver, but it may not be possible if accompanied the by anomalies, such as rotation of the patella, osteophyte ridge protruding from the femur, or anatomical variations. This case report outlines irreducible acute patella dislocation with anatomical variations, a notched patella. If the reduction of an acute patella dislocation fails, an additional radiological examination and reduction under general anesthesia may be necessary with the possibility of an anatomical variant in mind.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

This study examined the distribution of bone mineral density(BMD) and the von Mises stress in the patella. The BMD of eighteen patellae were determined by using quantitative computed tomography and imaging analysis software. It was found that the BMD of the patella varied with location. BMD values were largest at the superior and lateral regions and decreased inferiorly and medially. This distribution appeared to correspond to the organization of trabeculae within the patella. A two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed on each patella. It was also found that the maximum von Mises stress in the patella occurred along the cortical shell on the non-articular surface. The trabecular von Mises stress existed in the posterior region of the patella. These findings demonstrated the potential for finite element studies in vivo. Further, such studies may lead to the development of custom-made, patient-specific patella prostheses.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Patella surgery of small animal is an important veterinary surgery that the veterinarian should saw and drill the dislocated patella in order to fix the corrected position. However, the animal protection laws restrict the veterinarian students' chances for the practice and training of the patella surgery. This paper proposed a haptic based patella surgery simulator for veterinarian students. We modelled force feedback methods in order to provide best similar haptic feedbacks to the real drilling feedbacks in the patella surgery. The proposed patella drilling simulator provides haptic interface as a drill and a workbench in order to provide best surgery experiences. We conducted the performance evaluations in order to prove usability of the proposed patella surgery interface.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.674-687
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• 2022

Patellofemoral instability (PFI) is common in pediatric knee injuries. PFI results from loss of balance in the dynamic relationship of the patella in the femoral trochlear groove. Patellar lateral dislocation, which is at the extreme of the PFI, results from medial stabilizer injury and leads to the patella hitting the lateral femoral condyle. Multiple contributing factors to PFI have been described, including anatomical variants and altered biomechanics. Femoral condyle dysplasia is a major risk factor for PFI. Medial stabilizer injury contributes to PFI by creating an imbalance in dynamic vectors of the patella. Increased Q angle, femoral anteversion, and lateral insertion of the patellar tendon are additional contributing factors that affect dynamic vectors on the patella. An imbalance in the dynamics results in patellofemoral malalignment, which can be recognized by the presence of patella alta, patellar lateral tilt, and lateral subluxation. Dynamic cross-sectional images are useful for in vivo tracking of the patella in patients with PFI. Therapeutic approaches aim to restore normal patellofemoral dynamics and prevent persistent PFI. In this article, the imaging findings of PFI, including risk factors and characteristic findings of acute lateral patellar dislocation, are reviewed. Non-surgical and surgical approaches to PFI in pediatric patients are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound in treatment of patella fracture. Material and Methods: Twenty cases of twenty patients with patella fracture radiographically from March, 2006 to September, 2009 were involved in this study, there were 8 males and 12 females, there were 13 right knees, 7 left knees, the average age was 43 years (range, 14~72 years). We decided the methods of treatment by using the ultrasound in conjunction with Drayer's test that examining the intactness of patella retinaculum. There were 10 transverse, 8 vertical and 2 comminuted fractures, we examined the patella retinaculum by using the ultrasound and performed Drayer's test. Results: In 12 cases of intact retinaculum, Drayer's test was negative and we allowed patients ambulation without surgical fixation especially. In 4 cases of completely ruptured retinaculum, Drayer's test was positive and we treated the patella fractures by the use of ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation) method, in 2 cases of partially ruptured retinaculum, Drayer's test was negative but displacement of fractures were more than 2 mm, we treated the patella fractures by the use of CRIF (closed reduction and internal fixation) method and obtained clinically satisfactory results. Conclusion: In conjunction with radiographs and Drayer's test, an ultrasound would be one of the useful diagnostic modality for determining treatment method of the patella fracture.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2009

Patellar fractures in children represent less than 2% of all patellar fractures including adults, and occur about 1% of all pediatric fractures. Because of property of the growing patella, osteochondral or avulsion fractures are more common in children and the most common type of patella fracture in children is sleeve fracture. Avulsion or sleeve fractures of the patella in children can occur at the superior or inferior pole of the patella. Most reported cases of sleeve fracture are involving the inferior patellar pole, but involving the superior patellar pole is very rare. We experienced a case of sleeve fracture occurred at the superior pole of the patella in a sixteen-year-old boy and report this case with literature review.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2020

In this study, it focuses on the development of radiographic devices for patellar imaging. On the previous X-ray examination of patella and patellofemoral joint, it analyzed the problems which could affect the results: unstable patients' pose, radiation exposure, and deterioration of image quality. The purpose of the research is to propose a future use of a developed device with an explanation of the process, function, and advantage of the device including the methods. The device is developed to focus on the diagnosis of the longitudinal and longitudinal fractures of the patella and patella/femoral joint, displacement such as dislocation, bone formation, stenosis of the patella/femorla joint, and cartilage wear. Due to the patient's anxious posture, it caused a shaking image, overlapping structures, and etcs, these factors challenge to diagnose accurately. In addition, the existing Settegast method and Hughston method, which are most frequently performed in the hospital field, are not suitable for the presence or absence of features or dislocation due to the heavy load on the patella of the patient. The developed device requires patients in a lying position and placing only their leg on the device, it increases the conveniences of the examination and decreases unnecessary radiation exposure of the patient except the patellar examination area. Moreover, one of the systems in the device fixes the detector, where the patients no longer need to hold the detector nor be in unstable posture, but describes the structure of the patella/femoral joint more clearly. Hoping the device will apply to more patients.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2011

Anatomical reduction and strong fixation in displaced patella fracture are needed for restoration of knee function and strength and early range of motion exercise. According to the type of fracture and various operational methods, their many complications have been reported. We report 2 cases of transverse patella fracture which were caused by transverse screw fixation in longitudinal patella fracture and fracture of bipartite patella in athletes.