• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 1996

This experiment was canied out to investigate the effect of pasture types(mixture and mono tall fescue pasture) and endophyte infection on the dry matter yield, forage quality and animal performance of pasture plants at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, in 1994. The results obtained are surmmarized as follows : DM yield of tall fescue monoculture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of mixture pasture, while DM yield of endophyte-infected pasture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of endophyte-free for two pasture types. Crude protein yield(CPY) of tall fescue monoculture was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of mixture, and the higher CPY with endophyte-infect tall fescue for both pasture types resulted from higher DM yield of the pastures. NDF and ADF contents of pasture plants were not influenced by pasture types, and there was no difference for NDF and ADF contents between endophyte-infect and -free pasture mixture, however, those of pasture plants were increased with endophyte-infect tall fescue in monoculture. IVDMD of pasture plants was increased with mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue for both pasture types. IVDMD of pasture plants was greatly influenced by pasture types and endophyte infection. There were no significant differences in average daily gain of Korean native cattle between pasture types, but those of the cattle were significantly increased with endophyte-free tall fescue for both pasture types(p<0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that a slightly more forage yield could be obtained , from monoculture and endophyte-infected tall fescue. However, liveweight gain was increased by mixture and endophyte-free tall fescue with good quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 1991

Analysis of the characteristics and the grouping of the species of sown and weeds in artificial pastures was studied applying the principal component analysis method. Presency and coverage of six sown species and fifteen weed species which occurred in pastures of under-grazing and optimumgrazing were subject to analysis. From field survey, species were divided into three groups: the group A included five species such as Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata, etc., the group B included eleven species such as Polygonum longisetum, Agrostis alba and Rumex obtusifolius, etc., and the group C included five species such as Miscanthus sinensis, Rubus palmatus and Artemisia princeps, etc. The group A species corresponded to good pasture conditions and management. On the contrary, the group C species occurred in poor pasture conditions with inadequate management. The group B species corresponded to intermediate pasture conditions and management. Interrelated pair species co-existing and species non-co-existing were discovered. Factor loading as negative for the group A species. positive for the group C species and positive but lower than the group C species for the group B species. From these results it is concluded that the principal component analysis seems to one of the useful tools for the analysis of characteristics of species and the diagnosis of sown pasture vegetation, although further studies are required to get more general information about species characteristics.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 1988

The preference, chemical composition, intake, digestibility and chewing efficiency of collected herbage sample from sheep using esophageal fistula and fecal collection method were compared to those of offered herbage samples on the native and improved pastures at the 3rd flush stage(25 cm grass height). Experimental field was treated by one plot design and the begining of September 1987, at Chungnam National University, Daejon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Preference indices were not different among herbage species on improved pasture, while those on in native pasture were markedly different and this difference seemed to depend on diet selection. 2. Chemical compositions of collected herbage samples were different from those of offered herbage samples. Crude protein content was significantly high on native pasture, but NDF, cellulose and lignin content were significantly low on improved pasture (p < 0.01). 3. DM intake, digestibility and herbage utilization percent on improved pasture were significantly higher than those on native pasture (P < 0.01). 4. Eating rate, ruminating and chewing efficiency were influenced by the amounts of NDF intake. Therefore, eating rate, ruminating and chewing efficiency on improved pasture tended to be higher than those on native pasture (p <0.01).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mechanical and chemical drying agents at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants. The mower conditioner /chemical drying agent ($K_2CO_3$ 2% conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in 1996. After field dry, four square bales were made by hay baler, and the visual estimation and nutritive value of hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rate of pasture plants was higher with delayed stage of harvest, and mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but chemical alone was very low. In mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 0.5 to 1 day compared with $K_2CO_3$ and 1.5 to 2 days compared with control. The dry matter loss of hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical, and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storage was high in mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. Nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and mechanical + chemical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. The quality of hay was very low when harvested at bloom stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of orchardgrass dominant pasture plants, however the drying efficiency of chemical drying agent was very low. Harvesting at early heading to heading stage was recommened for manufacture of high quality hay.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This research compared the observed and model predicted results that include; runoff, sediment yield, and nutrient losses from a 2.71 ha cattle grazing pasture field in North Alabama. Application of water quality computer simulation models can inexpensively and quickly assess the impact of pasture management practices on water quality. AGNPS single storm based model was applied to the three pasture species; Bermudagrass, fescue, and Ryegrass. While comparing model predicted results with observed data, it showed that model can reasonably predict the runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses from the watershed. Over-prediction and under-prediction by the model occurred during very high and low rainfall events, respectively. The study concluded that AGNPS model can be reasonably applied to assess the impacts of pasture management practices and chicken litter application on water quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2015

Improving current pasture productivity by precision management requires practical tools to collect site specific pasture biomass data. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology provide cost effective and real time applications for site specific data collection. For the mapping of herbage biomass (BM) on a hill pasture, we tested a UAV system with digital cameras (visible and near-infrared (NIR) camera). The field measurements were conducted on the grazing hill pasture at Hanwoo Improvement Office, Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea on May 17 and June 27, 2014. Plant samples were obtained from 28 sites. A UAV system was used to obtain aerial photos from a height of approximately 50 m (approximately 30 cm spatial resolution). Normalized digital number (DN) values of Red and NIR channels were extracted from the aerial photos and a normalized differential vegetation index using DN ($NDVI_{dn}$) was calculated. The results show that the correlation coefficient between BM and $NDVI_{dn}$ was 0.88. For the precision management of hilly grazing pastures, UAV monitoring systems can be a quick and cost effective tool to obtain site-specific herbage BM data.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.37 no.E
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

Three types of land use were investigated to describe the effect of land use on both surface and ground water quality. Typical land uses of a grazing pasture, Sudan grass field and paddy in Kangwon province were selected and flumes and monitoring wells were installed. Land managements were carefully monitored, water samples were collected periodically and analyzed with respect to nitrate, TP and TKN at a laboratory of Kangwon Provincial Institute of Health and Environment from August, 1993 to May, 1994. Runoff from the pasture was formed mostly with seeping subsurface flow in the lower areas of the pasture. A few overland flows were observed during heavy storms, and when it occurred, runoff increased sharply. For the Sudan grass field, runoff was formed with overland flow. Nitrate concentration in runoff from both land uses seemed not affected by runoff and ranged from 0.241 to 4.137mg'/1. TP and TKN concentrations from the pasture were affected by overland flow. When overland flow occurred, TP and TKN concentrations abruptly increased to 5.726 and 12.841mg/1, respectively, from less than 1.0mg/l. However, these concentrations from the Sudan grass field were quite stable ranging from 0.191 to 0.674mg/l for TP and 0A70 and 1.650mg/l for TKN. Nitrate concentration was significantly affected by land use(Sudan grass field) and the concentration increase reached about 2mg/l per lOOm ground water flow. Nitrate concentration from a well located in the middle of rice fields also was significantly higher than that measured from a well located relatively undisturbed mountain toe area. TP and TKN concentrations in shallow ground water affected by the depth of the monitoring wells. The deeper the monitoring wells, the less TP and TKN concentrations were measured.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-28
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• 1991

The investigation of the kinds and density of white grubs in relation to soil texture, forages, yearsafter pasture establishment, and management methods in pasture were surveyed in Livestock ExperimentStation, Suwon by digging 5 sites($100cm{\times}100cm$) in a month from April to October during 1985.The results obtained were summarized as follows; No difference was observed in white grub speciesdivesity in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management methodof pasture, but the abundance of each species was different from the environmental factors.1. On the soil texture; Miridiba kureana, Popillia uchidai, Holotrichia mmosa and Holotrichia diomphalia occurred in the clay loam field, whereas Anomala corpulenta and Anomala mfocuprea in the sandy loam. 2. On the forage; the density of all species except Popillia uchidai was higher in grass than legume. 3. On the years after pasture extablishment; both of the species diversity and abundance were increased 3 years after pasture establishment and maximized at the 5th year.4. On the management methods of pasture; species diversity and abundance were higher in meadows thanpastures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1991

The investigation of the kinds and density of white grubs in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management methods in pasture were surveyed in Livestock Experiment Station, Suwon by digging 5 sites($100cm{\times}100cm$) in a month from April to October during 1985. The results obtained were summarized as follows; No difference was observed in white grub species divesity in relation to soil texture, forages, years after pasture establishment, and management method of pasture, but the abundance of each species was different from the environmental factors.1. On the soil texture; Miridiba kureana, Popillia uchidai, Holotrichia mmosa and Holotrichia diomphalia occurred in the clay loam field, whereas Anomala corpulenta and Anomala mfocuprea in the sandy loam. 2. On the forage; the density of all species except Popillia uchidai was higher in grass than legume. 3. On the years after pasture extablishment; both of the species diversity and abundance were increased 3 years after pasture establishment and maximized at the 5th year.4. On the management methods of pasture; species diversity and abundance were higher in meadows than pastures.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 1995

Characteristics of runoff and groundwater qualities from a pasture and field were investigated. Flumes and monitoring wells were installed and water qualities of $NO_3$-N, TP and TKN were monitored from Aug. 1993 to Aug. 1994. Runoff from the pasture which was a sandy soil with cobbles mostly formed with seeping water at the bottom of it. But once overland flow occurred because of heavy rainfall, runoff increased sharply. $NO_3$-N concentration in pasture runoff was relatively stable ranging between 0.241-3.962mg/l. TP and TKN concentrations were stable but sharply increased once overland flow occurred. $NO_3$-N concentration in pasture groundwater was relatively stable regardless of depth of monitoring wells but TP and TKN concentrations were smaller in deeper wells. Runoff from the field which was flat and covered well with Sudan grass and surface residue was relatively small and $NO_3$-N, TP and TKN concentrations in runoff were stable and seemed unaffected by flow rate. $NO_3$-N concentration in field groundwater increased at the rate of 2.2mg/l per 100 m during a growing season as groundwater flows through the field. No significant differences in TP and TKN concentrations between the upper and lower areas in field groundwater were detected.