• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2010

We measured and compared the partition coefficients and absorption levels of preservative phenoxyethanol (PE), antimicrobial ethylhexylglycerin (EG) and UV-filters widely used in cosmetic products and more specifically evaluated the relative absorption level of PE depending on various packaging materials. The resulting partition coefficients of 11 UV filters in relation to PE and EG displayed EG with a relatively higher partition coefficients. The partition coefficients of Tinsorb M and Solaveil CT434 were also high. Among the UV-filter ingredients with EG absorption levels exceeding 40 % were Gransil PSQ, UV Titan M 160 and Micro $TiO_2$ MT 100 TV, whereas Gransil PSQ and Scadder showed PE absorption levels above 40 %. In addition, we confirmed that PE had displayed an absorption level of 7 ~ 8 % as a result of 1 month-long exposure to packaging material polyoxymethylene. This extensive research illustrates the possibility of producing the most potent preservative contents based on studying the relative compatibility between UV-filters and preservatives and selecting the adequate preservatives to be used. Furthermore, preservative level can also decline with passage of time depending on the type of packaging material used.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.523-527
• /
• 2002

Partition coefficient related composition of LPG are studied. Analysed sulfur compounds are ethyl mer-captan,n-propyl mercaptan and n-butyl mercaptan. The composition of liquid phase and gas phase in LPG are deter-mined by gas chromatography. The partition coefficient to related the boiling point of sulfur compounds, the temperature and the compositions of solvents, determined by using MLR(multiple linear regression) of SAS is follows; Kpc= $0.61222({\pm}0.6578)-0.04670({\pm}0.000959)Bp+0.26984(\pm0.06504)C4+0.003803(^{\circ}ae0.0019993)Tk,$ N=24, F=14.851, $R^2_{adj}$=0.6437. The boiling points of sulfur compounds at atmospheric pressure and the compositions of LPG effect mostly on partition coefficients. It is presumed that the gas odor elevating effects should be increased, where being on high tem-perature and larger amounts of n-butane.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2002

We propose an enhanced wavelet packet image coder algorithm which is based on the coefficients partition. The proposed wavelet packet image coder uses the first-order entropy to reduce the total compression time, and achieves low bit rates and rate-distortion performance by the zero-tree based coding using correlations between coefficients partition. This new algorithm represents new parent-children relationships for reducing image reconstruction error using the correlations between each frequency subbands and then the wavelet packet coefficients are Partitioned by a new order. The computer simulations demonstrate higher PSNR under the same bit rate and improved image compression time and enhanced rate control compare with conventional algorithms. From the simulation results, it is shown that the encoding and decoding process of proposed coder are much simple and accurate than present method against texture images , which include many mid-frequency elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2006

Partitioning tracer tests were conducted to quantify the saturation degree of diesel and water in unsaturated soil, respectively. The use of partitioning tracers that partition into diesel, water, and air (i.e., three-phase partitioning), is in attractive alternative to traditional coring and analysis method. These gaseous partition tracers not global warming gas like CFC's are Butane, Acetylene, Ethylene, Methylene chloride, and Methane. The glass column packed with sandy soil was prepared, in which a three-phase system of air, water, and diesel was maintained. Conservative and partition gas tracers were injected into the columns and detected easily using a single GC detector(FID). For each tracer, a method of moments was used to estimate partition coefficient between water, diesel. and the air, respectively. The results from the column studies showed that the diesel/air tracer partition coefficient ranged from 8.2 to 868 and 9.2 for water/air. Saturation degree of diesel and water in the column, predicted by the partition coefficients obtained from tests, was underestimated up to 66% and 23% respectively.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2023

Compressed still image or video bitstreams require protection from channel errors in a wireless channel. Embedded Zerotree Coding(EZW), SPIHT could have provided unprecedented high performance in image compression with low complexity. If bit error is generated by dint of wireless channel transmission problem, the loss of synchronization on between encoder and decoder causes serious performance degradation. But wavelet zerotree coding algorithms are producing variable-length codewords, extremely sensitive to bit errors. The idea is to partition the lifting coefficients. A many partition of lifting transform coefficients distributes channel error from wireless channel to each partition. Therefore synchronization problem that caused quality deterioration in still image and video stream was improved.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.25
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1991

광화시기가 같은 유화광물중에서 상접하는 황철석과 자류철석 내에 함유되어 있는 코발트와 니켈의 함량을 정량분석하여 이들 원소들의 Partition Coefficients로부터 Bezmen method를 이용하여 광물의 생성온도를 구하였다(217～395$^{\circ}$). 지질 연대가 같은 유화광물의 생성온도는 동시기에 생성된 인접한 석영내의 유체포유물의 filling temperature와 거의 일치한다(255～395$^{\circ}$). 따라서 이들 광산내의 광물의 생성온도는 지질온도계로 사용이 가능하며 광물의 생성환경을 규명하는데도 유용할 것이다.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 1995

Cationic surfactants can be used to modify surface of solids to promote adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds. This behavior is due to the surfactant forming aggregate structure on the solid surface. Partition coefficients are commonly used to quantify the distribution of organic pollutants between the aqueous and particulate phases of aquatic system Partitioning of hydrophobic compounds to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB ) coated silicate has been investigated as a function of surfactant surface coverage at I=0 and 0.1 ionic strength. Toluene, Xylene, TCI sorption experiments demonstrated that the CTAB coated silicate was able to remove these hydrophobic organic compounds from solution The hydrophobic organic compound with the higher Kow had higher removals than lowest Kow hydrophobic organic compound.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.743-748
• /
• 2013

The temperature dependence of the partition coefficients of a neuropeptide, substance P (SP), in isotropic acidic bicelles was investigated by using a pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion technique. The addition of negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylserine to the neutral bicelle changed the SP partitioning a little, which implies that the hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic residues of SP and the acyl chains of lipid molecules is the major interaction while the electrostatic interaction is minor in SP binding in a lipid membrane. From the temperature dependence of the partition coefficients, thermodynamic functions were calculated. The partitioning of SP into the acidic bicelles is enthalpy-driven, as it is for small unilamellar vesicles and dodecylphosphocholine micelles, while peptide partitioning into a large unilamellar vesicle is entropy-driven. This may mean that the size of lipid membranes is a more important factor for peptide binding than the surface curvature and surface charge density.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.923-928
• /
• 1997

The occurrence of butyltin compounds in the seawater and sediment of Masan Bay was investigated. The concentrations were in the range of $ND-0.059{\mu}g/\ell$ for tributyltin (TBT), $ND-0.091{\mu}g/\ell$ for dibutyltin (DBT) and $ND-0.720{\mu}g/\ell$ for monobutyltin (MBT) in the seawater, and $ND-0.233{\mu}g\;TBT/g.dry$, $ND-0.197{\mu}g-DBT/g.dry$ and $ND-0.684{\mu}g-MBT/g.dry$ in the sediment. Among the butyltin compounds, the major component in the seawater was MBT, while the predominant species in the sediment changed with time. The tributyltin concentrations in the sediment are approximately three orders of magnitude greater than the associated water column levels. Sediment/water partition coefficients (K) of TBT were between $0.6\times10^3\;and\;5.0\times10^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2002

Partition coefficients for zinc vary on a broad range depending on properties of the foundry sands (TOC, clay content, total iron content) and solution pH. Among these properties, solution pH was found to be the most important factor. Empirical equations were developed from batch tests to predict partition coefscients and rate constants as a function of foundry sand properties and solution pH. Rate constants obtained from batch (kinetic) tests and batch sorption tests were found to be comparable when the solution pHs were comparable.