• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1715-1721
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• 2002

Numerical analysis was conducted to characterize the gas flow field and particle deposition on a horizontal freestanding semiconductor wafer under the laminar flow field at vacuum environment. In order to calculate the properties of gas, the gas was assumed to obey the ideal gas law. The particle transport mechanisms considered were convection, Brownian diffusion and gravitational settling. The averaged particle deposition velocities and their radial distributions fnr the upper surface of the wafer were calculated from the particle concentration equation in an Eulerian frame of reference for system pressures of 1 mbar~1 atm and particle sizes of 2nm~10$^4$ nm(10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). It was observed that as the system pressure decreases, the boundary layer of gas flow becomes thicker and the deposition velocities are increased over the whole range of particle size. One thing to be noted here is that the deposition velocities are increased in the diffusion dominant particle size range with decreasing system pressure, whereas the thickness of the boundary layer is larger. This contradiction is attributed to the increase of particle mechanical mobility and the consequent increase of Brownian diffusion with decreasing the system pressure. The present numerical results showed good agreement with the results of the approximate model and the available experimental data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.269-279
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• 1997

The errors associated with incorrect sampling and transport of radioactive aerosol from radwaste thermal process off-gas are analyzed and the conditions of representative sampling and correct transport of radioactive aerosol for off-gas system evaluation are discussed. An estimation method of sampling errors for individual radionuclides is proposed and applied to simulated vitrification melter aerosols. Prediction methods for particle deposition in sample transport tube under laminar as well as turbulent flow conditions are also described by example calculations with simulated incinerator off-gas From the results of example calculations and plots, instrumental and operational conditions of radioactive aerosol sampling system with minimized errors and correction methods for nonideal sampling and transport are recommended.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1624-1638
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• 1996

A study of thermophoretic particle deposition has been carried out for a particle laden stagnation flow considering the effect of radiative heat transfer. Energy, concentration and radiative transfer equations are all coupled and have been solved iteratively assuming that absorption and scattering coefficients were proportional to the local concentration of particles. Radiative heat transfer was shown to strongly affect the profiles of temperature and particle concentration. e. g., radiation increases the thickness of thermal boundary layer and wall temperature gradients significantly. As the wall temperature gradients increase, the particle concentration at the wall decreases due to thermophoretic particle transport. The deposition rate that is thermophoretic velocity times particle concentration at the wall decreases as the effects of radiation increases. The effects of optical thickness, conduction to radiation parameter and wall emissivity have been determined. The effects of anisotropic scattering are shown as insignificant.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.465-470
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• 2006

An experimental investigation is carried out to study 2-phase vertically upward hydraulic transport of solid particles by water and non-Newtonian fluids in a slim hole concentric annulus with rotation of the inner cylinder. Rheology of particulate suspensions in viscoelastic fluids is of importance in many applications such as particle removal from surfaces, transport of proppants in fractured reservoir and cleaning of drilling holes, etc. In this study a clear acrylic pipe was used in order to observe the movement of solid particles. Annular fluid velocities varied from 0.2 m/s to 3.0 m/s. Pressure drops and average flow rate and particle rising velocity are measured. For both water and 0.2% CMC solutions, the higher the concentration of the solid particles is, the larger the pressure gradients become.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

The transported probability density function model combined with the consistent finite volume (FV) method has been applied to simulate the turbulent bluff-body reacting flows. To realistically account for the non-isotropic turbulence effects on the turbulent bluff-body reacting flows, the present PDF transport approach is based on the joint velocity- turbulent frequency-composition PDF formulation. The evolution of the fluctuating velocity of a particle is modeled by a simplified Langevin equation and the particle turbulence frequency is represented by the modified Jayesh - Pope model. Effects of molecular diffusion are represented by the interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) mixing model. To validate this hybrid FV/PDF transport model, the numerical results are compared with experimental data for the turbulent bluff-body reacting flows.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1371-1374
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• 2007

The velocity auto-correlation (VAC) function of liquid argon in the Green-Kubo formula decays quickly within 5 ps to give a well-defined diffusion coefficient because the velocity is the property of each individual particle, whereas the stress (SAC) and heat-flux auto-correlation (HFAC) functions for shear viscosity and thermal conductivity have non-decaying, long-time tails because the stress and heat-flux appear as system properties. This problem can be overcome through N (number of particles)-fold improvement in the statistical accuracy, by considering the stress and the heat-flux of the system as properties of each particle and by deriving new Green-Kubo formulas for shear viscosity and thermal conductivity. The results obtained for the transport coefficients of liquid argon obtained are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.343-345
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• 2002

The influence of starting precursor powders on the phase formation and transport properties of Bi-2223/Ag tapes has been studied. The experimental results show that the average particle size of precursors as fine as 1.64 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1.51 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ can still increase the transport properties. The J$_{c}$-B behavior is also enhanced in tapes fabricated with powders in finer particle sizes. However, at higher magnetic fields, J$_{c}$ of tape started from the powder with the finest particles drops rapidly at the direction of H//c, which is possibly attributed to the small grain sizes and weak flux pinning ability that due to the short induction period at the initial stage of phase formation as the result of fine particles in precursor powder.der.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1995

Fluid flow studies of fractured rocks require three-dimensional modeling of the fracture system. The stochastic discrete fracture models constructed by Monte Carlo simulation technique were applied to the analysis of groundwater flow and mass transport in fractured rock for the assessment of tightness criteria of underground LPG storage cavern. The parameters that most affect the conceptual discrete fracture modeling proved either fracture orientation or size and on the fract'lre flow interpretation proved conductive fracture intensity. The fracture transmissivity played important role in solute transport in fractured rock simulated by particle tracking approach. It was partly recognized that the calibrated stochastic discrete fracture model can be used for the tightness criteria of underground LPG storage cavern.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

In this paper, effects on the heat transport limitation of heat pipe by the wick structural factors were theoretically analyzed for the sintered-copper wick heat pipe. Uniformity of particle size and sintering process were acted as dominant factors on the pore distribution and wick porosity, and small deviations of the wick thickness and the pore size greatly affected the heat transport limitations of the heat pipe. Especially, slight variations of the wick thickness, mean particle radius and capillary radius along the vapor temperatures and inclination angles remarkably changed the capillary limitation of the heat pipe.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

In this study, indoor $PM_{10}$ concentration was measured by different type of real-time instruments in public transport vehicles. Light-scattering method is widely used in measuring the size of particulate matters and there is two types of light-scattering methods; one is the nephelometer type which measures the light-scattering degree by aerosol cloud, the other is the spectrometer type which measures light-scattering degree by individual particle. We observed the variation of $PM_{10}$ in KTX, subway and express bus carriages by 1-minute resolution and found that there is similar tendency in pattern among 4 light-scattering devices but difference in absolute concentrations. By comparing gravimetric result in a subway cabin, the spectrometer type device, C, was chosen as a reference device. The conversion factors of nephelometer device A-1, A-2, and B were 1.666, 1.463 and 2.125 respectively.