• Composites Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

In this study, micro-sized and nano-sized pure aluminum (Al) powders were compressed by unidirectional pressure at room temperature. Although neither type of Al bulk was heated, they had a high relative density and improved mechanical properties. The microstructural analysis showed a difference in the process of densification according to particle size, and the mechanical properties were measured by the Vickers hardness test and the nano indentation test. The Vickers hardness of micro Al and nano Al fabricated in this study was five to eight times that of ordinary Al. The grain refinement effect was considered to be one of the strengthening factors, and the Hall-Petch equation was introduced to analyze the improved hardness caused by grain size reduction. In addition, the effect of particle size and dispersion of aluminum oxide in the bulk were additionally considered. Based on these results, the present study facilitates the examination of the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of compacted bulk fabricated by the powder metallurgy method and suggests the possible way to improve the mechanical properties of nano-crystalline powders.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.441-444
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• 2008

본 연구에서의 초고성능 콘크리트(Ultra High Performance Concrete, UHPC)는 모래, 시멘트, 실리카퓸, 석영미분말, 강섬유 및 고성능감수제 등으로 구성되며, 평균입경 약 0.5mm이하의 아주 작은 입자들로 구성된다. 일반적으로 석영미분말는 일정크기 이상의 공극을 메움으로써 물리적 성능개선의 효과가 있으며 또한 높은 $SiO_2$함량을 가지므로 고온 또는 고압의 양생조건에서 시멘트 수화물과의 화학반응을 통해서도 성능 향상효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 상압, $90^{\circ}C$ 증기양생 조건에서 석영미분말의 입자크기가 초고성능 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 평가항목으로는 굳지 않은 상태에서의 유동성과 굳은 상태에서의 압축강도, 극한변형률, 탄성계수 및 휨강도를 평가하였다. 석영미분말의 입경크기의 영향은 약 $2{\mu}m$에서 $26{\mu}m$까지의 범위에서 고려하였으며, 입경 크기가 작을수록 유동성 및 강도특성이 모두 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4835-4841
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• 2015

n형 FeSi2의 열전물성에 미치는 입자크기 및 성형압력의 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 입자크기가 다른 출발 분말을 각각 가압성형(성형압력; $70{\sim}220kg/cm^2$) 하였고, 제작한 성형체를 Ar 분위기 1473 K에서 7시간 소결한 후, 반도체상인 ${\beta}$상을 얻기 위해 1103 K에서 100시간 소둔처리 하였다. XRD, SEM 및 EDS를 이용해서 시편들의 미세구조 및 상분석을 행하였다. 동일 시료를 가지고 Ar 분위기 상온~1023 K에서 도전율과 Seebeck 계수를 동시에 측정하였다. 입자크기가 작을수록 소결밀도와 잔존 ${\varepsilon}$-FeSi 금속전도상 증가에 의해 도전율이 상승하였으며, Seebeck 계수는 700~800 K에서 최고값을 나타내었고, 입자크기가 작을수록 잔존 ${\varepsilon}$-FeSi 금속전도상 증가에 의해 감소하였다. 반면에 성형압력의 변화는 도전율 및 Seebeck 계수에 그다지 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결과적으로 power factor는 성형압력 보다 입자크기에 큰 영향을 받았다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of implant drilling speed on the composition of particle size of collected bone debris. Methods: $Br{\aa}nemark$ $System^{(R)}$ drills were used to collect bone debris from 10 drilling holes (1 unit) at 1,500 rpm (Group A) and 800 rpm (Group B) in bovine mandible. After separating particles by size into > 500 ${\mu}m$, between 250 ${\mu}m$ and 500 ${\mu}m$, and < 250 ${\mu}m$ fractions, particle wet volume, dry volume, and weight were measured and the proportion of 3 fractions of bone debris to total wet volume, dry volume and weight was calculated as wet volume % , dry volume % and weight %. Results: No significant differences were found between Group A and B in wet volume, dry volume, and weight. However, of >500 ${\mu}m$ fractions, Group B had significantly higher wet volume %(P = 0.0059) and dry volume %(P = 0.0272) than in Group A. Conclusions: The drilling speed influenced the composition of particle size in collected drilling bone debris. The drilling in 800 rpm produced the more percentage of large particles than in 1,500 rpm. However, the drilling speed didn't effect on total volume of and weight of bone debris.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2006

There was no significant difference in the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) between physical aerosols, NaCl and smoke, and biological aerosols, airborne MS2 virus and P. fluorescens, which implicate that the hybrid-type of air purifier, applying the unipolar ion emission and the radiant catalytic ionization, imposed identical reduction effect on both physical aerosol and bioaerosol. Ventilation decreases the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization because high ventilation diminishes the particle concentration reduction effect. The particle removal efficiency decreases with increase in the chamber volume because of the augmented ion diffusion and higher ion wall loss rate. Particle size affects the efficiency of air ionization. The efficiency is high for particles with very small diameter because reduction of charge increases with particle size. If there is no increasing supply of ions, the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization increases with respect to initial concentration of particles because of the large space charge effect at high particle concentration and amplified electric field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of pelleted and expanded sorghum-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels and particle size of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. Methods: The experiment was performed with 720 male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain, with treatments of six replications, with 15 birds each; they were arranged in a completely randomized design and $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial scheme (pelleted or expanded feed processing, 0.8% or 1.6% moisture addition in the mixer, and particle size of 650 or 850 microns). Results: Higher pellet quality (pellets, % and pellet durability index [PDI]) was obtained in expanded diets and inclusion of 1.6% moisture. The particle size of 850 microns increased the PDI of final diet. All studied treatments had no significant effect on weight gain and broiler carcass and cut yields. Lower feed conversion occurred for birds fed pelleted feed at 42 d. The highest apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of feed in the initial rearing phase (10 to 13 days) were observed in birds fed pelleted feed or for feed prepared with 1.6% moisture. The highest ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids were obtained with the consumption of pelleted feed prepared with a particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture. Conclusion: Pelleted feed prepared with a milling particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture provided increased ileal digestibility of amino acids and AMEn in the starter period. However, the expanded feed improved pellet quality and feed conversion of broilers at 42 days of age. We conclude that factors such as moisture, particle size and processing affect the pellet quality, and therefore should be considered when attempting to optimize broiler performance.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of coating pigments on the printability by investigating the pore structure of casting layer such as the number, size and distribution of pores and the pore rate. The coating structure was mainly determined by the interaction between pigment and binder. It means that the structure of pores was chiefly affected by the shape and size distribution of pigments and their packing rate. The physical properties of pore have close relationships with ink set-off, the speed of ink penetration and printing gloss. The results suggested that the rate and number of pores were greatly affected by the particle size distribution and shape of pigments. The rate of pore increased with the reduction of particle size distribution of pigments. Calcite was effective to improve greatly the printability of coated paper.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2016

Background: We are developing a small size dosimeter for dose estimation in particle therapies. The developed dosimeter is an optical fiber based dosimeter mounting an radiation induced luminescence material, such as an OSL or a scintillator, at a tip. These materials generally suffer from the quenching effect under high LET particle irradiation. Materials and Methods: We fabricated two types of the small size dosimeters. They used an OSL material Eu:BaFBr and a BGO scintillator. Carbon ions were irradiated into the fabricated dosimeters at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). The small size dosimeters were set behind the water equivalent acrylic phantom. Bragg peak was observed by changing the phantom thickness. An ion chamber was also placed near the small size dosimeters as a reference. Results and Discussion: Eu:BaFBr and BGO dosimeters showed a Bragg peak at the same thickness as the ion chamber. Under high LET particle irradiation, the response of the luminescence-based small size dosimeters deteriorated compared with that of the ion chamber due to the quenching effect. We confirmed the luminescence efficiency of Eu:BaFBr and BGO decrease with the LET. The reduction coefficient of luminescence efficiency was different between the BGO and the Eu:BaFBr. The LET can be determined from the luminescence ratio between Eu:BaFBr and BGO, and the dosimeter response can be corrected. Conclusion: We evaluated the LET dependence of the luminescence efficiency of the BGO and Eu:BaFBr as the quenching effect. We propose and discuss the correction of the quenching effect using the signal intensity ratio of the both materials. Although the correction precision is not sufficient, feasibility of the proposed correction method is proved through basic experiments.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 1993

A cylindrical-shape, horizontal furnace was used to investigate the effect of particle size on the pulverized coal combustion behavior. Three differently-sized fractions (5, 30, and 44 microns in average diameter) of high-volatile bituminous coal, were burned in the test furnace. Ignition characteristics of pulverized coal flame were determined through the amount of methane in the carrier gas for the self-sustaining flame. Easiest ignition occurred with the immediately-sized coal particles. Ignition of coal jet flame appeared to occur through a gas-phase homogeneous process for particles larger than 30 microns. Below this limiting size, heterogeneous process probably dominated ignition of coal flame. Oxygen concentration of combustion air was varied up to 50%, to determine the oxygen-enrichment effect on the coal ignition behavior. Oxygen enrichment of primary air assisted ignition behavior of pulverized coal flame. However, enrichment of secondary air didn't produce any effect on the ignition behavior.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.10-22
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• 1990

A study has been investigated on the effect of mechanical properties (tension strength, rotary bending fatigue strength, wear resistance, hardness) according to the carbide particle size variation by the treatment of 1) quenching tempering, and 2) quenching, subzero treatment and tempering. The material used in this investigation was a typical bearing steel, high C high Cr, AISI E 52100. The result obtained in this study were as follows : (1) Finer the carbide particle size increasing the hardness and retained austenite in same quenching condition. (2) Finer the carbide particle size reduced the tension and rotary bending fatigue which were resulted from austenite grain growth and carbide precipitation on grain boundry that induced by carbide refine heat treatment. (3) Finer the carbide particel size increasing the wear resistance which were resulted by uniform distribution of carbide and increased hardness induced by microstructural uniform hardenability of matrix. (4) When the carbide particles were refinded, subzero treatment is effective only wear resistance and hardness.