• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.4 s.61
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• pp.237-241
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• 1984

The trichogrammatidae ego parasite of the green rice leafhopper (GRLH), paracentrobia andoi, were investigated to know their parasitic activities after overwintering in the paddy banks and fallow fields, their seasonal variation and per cent parasitism in the paddy fields of Gyeongnam provincial O.R.D. at Jinju from 1982 to 1984. The parasitic activities of Paracentrobia andoi after overwintering in the Paddy banks in early Masch were high and tended to decrease remarkably since early April by moving to the fallow fields. The parasitic rate of paracentrobia andoi on GRLH was $21\%$ between late April and early May. the peak of egg laying period of GRLH. The per cent parasitism of the wasps in fallow fields was an average of $0\%$ in Gyeochang and Namji and $9.6-29.2\%$ in Namhae, Kimhae and Jinju. The parasitic activites of Paracentrobia andoi had three peakrs in paddy field, however, the highest peak was ovserved between mid- August and early October. The per cent egg parasitism of Paracentrobia andoi was an average of $16.5\%$ on second generation of Nepotettix cinctireps and $36.7\%$ on third generation of the leafhopper.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2005

An isolate of Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 was selected as an effective parasite for biological control against cucumber powdery mildew. Temperature range for the parasitism of A. quisqualis 94013 against cucumber powdery mildew was $12\~30^{\circ}C$, and optimal temperature for that $20\~28^{\circ}C$. In $20\~35\%$ humidity of the greenhouse, parasitic ability of A. quisqualis 94013 against Sphaerotheca fusca was not good. Inoculation tests revealed that A. quisqualis 94013 can parasitize on six species of Sphaerotheca in the 12 crops and Ersiphe cichoracerum in tomato. As host rang of A. quisqualis 94013 was broad and it may be used effectively as a biocontrol agent for powdery mildew of 13 crops.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

Parasitism of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens, to its main host insect, the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis in Korea was compared with that of T. ostriniae that is the dominant species in China on the same host insect. Parasitoid adults of both species emerged more than 50 percent within 4 hours after lights-on in 16L/8D photo period regime and showed a circadian rhythm of emergence. The developmental period from oviposition to emergence in both parasitoids was ca. 11 days and there were no significant differences between the two species and between female and male of each species, either. Both species also showed superparasitism even when the parasitic rates in one egg mass were below 100 percent. Both species oviposited by 5 days after emergence, and maximum longevities of each female adult of both species were 8 day for T. evanescens and 6 day for T. ostriniae. The total number of eggs parasitized by T. evanescens was ca. 38 eggs and ca. 31 eggs by T. ostriniae. Newly emerged female parasitoid laid eggs on about $50\%$ of the host insect egg mass, and the parasitism decreased with the adult age of egg parasitoids in both species. The sex ratio of two species was female-biased about $80\%$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

A solitary endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae, parasitizes diamondback moth, Plutellae xylostella. It has been suggested that its antennae are a major sensory organ to search host and recognize host developmental and other physiological condition during parasitization. This research was performed to understand the parasitic behavior of C. plutellae by analyzing sensory types and their numbers on the antennae using scanning electron microscope. There was no significant difference in antennal length in both male and female C. plutellae, in which both sexes had 16 flagellomeres. Three different types of sensilla (trichoid, seta, and placodea sensilla) were located mostly on flagella and analyzed in their density on the different antennomeres. Trichoid sensillum was the major sensory type and showed about 87% density among all sensilla. Both trichoid and placodea types of sensilla exhibited even numbers on all flagellomeres with some decrease at terminal segments. In contrast, seta form of sensilla showed drastic increase in its density at distal part after 9th flagellomere. When distal half of flagellomeres were cut off, the C. plutellae could not parasitize host larvae. Even when only four distal flagellomeres were removed, the parasitism showed only 30%. These results indicate that C. plutellae antennae are required for parasitism and suggest that seta form of sensilla may play significant roles in recognizing host for parasitization.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2001

The pine needle gall midge (PNGM), Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, is a serious pest in pine forests in Korea. Since the first report of PNGM infestation in Korea in 1929, the infestation area has been expanded gradually. In 1975 the distribution of PNGM and its parasitoids were surveyed throughout several infested areas in Korea. Annual survey has been made for the rates of gall formation by PNGM and parasitism by its parasitoids at the monitoring sites including newly infested area in 1975 since 1980. These data were used to examine the relationship between PNGM and its parasitoids for newly invaded areas. The gall forming rate of PNGM and the parasitism by the parasitoid were 34.8 and 1.9% in 1975, respectively, while the gall forming rate and the parasitism were 20.7 and 8.9% in 1985, respectively. The relationships of densities between PNGM and its parsitoid were weak in the early stage of dispersion, but the density of parasitoid was with an asymptotic increase along with PNGMs density increase during the observation period for 10 years.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1988

Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), important pests of agricultural crops in Korea, including eggplant and potato, were collected in the Kyonggido area each summer from 1983 to 1986. Data were recorded for rates of parasitism against each host stage and seasonal activity. The parasitoids NothoserPhus afissae (Watanabe), (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), Uga menoni (Kerrich), (Hymenoptera: Cha1cididae), and Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford), (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were reared from the host insects. A solitary larval parasitoid, N. afissae, was reared from 2nd to 4th instar brval hosts, with parasitism being highest in the 3rd instar collection. U. menoni, a solitary larval-pupal parasitoid, was reared from 3rd instar larvae to pupae, and parasitism was highest in the pupal collection. N. afissae and U. menoni occurred during June to September. N. afissae showed relatively high parasitism during the entire study period as compared with other species, while parasitization by U. menoni was highest in July. P. foveolatus, a gregarious larval parasitoid, did not generally appear until September, although it appeared in early August in the southern part of Korea. The number of P. foveolatus emerging from a mummy varied, ranging from 7 to 26 (mean = 13. 8).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

Author investigated internal parasitism for the feces of dog's training center, breeding-dog farm, dairy farm, home by 120 indoor breeding dog and 566 outdoor one in Inchon area. This survey was done from February in 1994 to December in 1995. 1. As a result of total 686 samples, positives were 373(54.4%). Among them, indoor and outdoor breeding dogs were 21(3.1%) 352(51.3%), respectively. 2. According to breeding, it was manifested that 21samples (17.5%) of 120 indoor breeding dogs were positive, and 352 samples(62.2%) of outdoor breeding were positive. 3. The infection rate of dogs for food in dairy farm, breeding dogs in the farm, dog of training center and dog of house is high in order. 4. Infection rate of parasites in 24 dogs breeds, Mongrel dogs were 81.3%, Shepherds were 80.0%, Tosas were 78.4%, Akida and Siberian huskys were 76.2%, Jindos were 55.5%, Pointers were 50.0%, although Afghan hound, Spanial, Shin-tzu, Maltis and Buldog were examined as aparasites negative. 5. After administration with vermicide parasites infection rate were 43.0% in two months. In four months, it were 66.7%, and dogs without vermicide were 87.0%. It seemed like that further research about dosage of vermicide is needed. 6. The rate of single-infection was 37.6% and that of mixed-infection was 16.8%. Among classified 13 types, Ancylostoma caninum 35.6%, Toxocara cams 11.2%, Isospora sp 9.3%, Toxascaris leonina 5.1%, Trychuris vulpis 4.4% were investigated.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2003

This survey of endoparasite infections among stray cats in Korea has been carried out during November 1995 to October 1997. A total of 215 stray cats were collected from SeoulㆍGyeonggi (54), Gangwon (38), Chungchong (34), Jeonla (38), and Gyeoungsang (51) areas. The positive rate of endoparasites was 184 (85.6%) cats among 215. Of isolated parasites, nematodes were the most often detected parasites especially Toxocara cati (102 cats), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (9 cats). The next most often detected parasites were cestodes (60/215; 27.9%) sepecially Spirometra erinaecei (34 cats), Taenia taeniaformis (26 cats). Opisthorchis tenuicollis was found in bile duct (9 cats) and Isospora spp. were identified in 41 cats (19.1 %). In mixed parasite infection, the rate of infections of nematodes, trematodes and protozoas was 3.3%, nematodes and cestodes with 8.8%, nematodes and protozoa with 4.2%, cestodes and protozoa with 1.9%. In parasitic infection by a considering age category, age from 2 to 4 years had the highest infection (92.3%), 1-2 years were 87.6%, over 4 years was 80.0%. 79.6 percents of the stray cats in SeoulㆍKyounggi areas were ranked the 1st in parasite infection. The next was Kyoungsang 76.5%, Kangwon 65.8%, Cholla 63.2% and Chungchong 61.8% in order. Considering age categories from birth to greater than 4 years, parasite infections were most prevalent in cats 2 to 4 years old; other ages seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. Also sex seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. In endoparasite infection, nematode and cestode infections were most frequently found, trematode infections were low, coccidiosis was showed very often.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 1993

Cellular compatibility in the self-parasitism of Cuscuta australis R. Brown was studied at the ultrastructural level. The front cells of the haustorium penetrated the host stems independently grew within the host tissues and transformed into elongate, filamentous hyphae. Each hyphal cells contained a large nucleus and dense cytoplasm with abundant cell organelles. Multilamellar structures were contained in the cytoplasm and cell walls of the penetrating hyphal cells. When the hyphal cells did not yet invade the host cells, the middle lamella and the fused cellulosic cell walls of the two partners at the host-parasite interface were preserved well. As the invasion of the parasitic hyphal cells progressed, however, the middle lamella was not found at the interface and the host cell walls and plasma membranes were partially broken down. A hyphal cell penetrated deeply into the host cell had a more darkly stained cytoplasm with numerous of cell organelles. In the host cells attacked by the hyphal cells the limiting membranes of plastids were broken down and several vesicles were arrayed near the cell walls. No plasmodesmatal connections between the host and parasite cell walls were found; however, half-plasmodesmata were observed frequently on the side of the hyphal cell walls. These results suggested that the compatibility response in the self-parasitism of Cuscuta was expressed by cell walls, not by plasmodesmata, between the host and the parasite cells.