• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.6
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• 2021

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection. We investigated antigen and antibody of EP in horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. Antigen and antibody of T. equi was detected 0.06% (1/1,650). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that the T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, and Spain. Two Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwenshuni, and T. orientalis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

Predatory nematodes are ubiquitous and feed on soil microorganisms including plant parasitic nematodes. They reduce populations of plant parasitic nematodes in virtually all soils because of their constant association with plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere. Predatory potential of several species of predacious nematodes, belonging to the orders Mononchida, Diplogasterida, Dorylaimida and Aphelenchida, have been studied in detail on plant parasitic nematodes but most of the studies were based on in vitro experiments. A review of progress on the use of predatory nematodes as biological control agents of plant parasitic nematodes reveals that advocacy for predatory nematodes dates back to the early $20^{th}$ century; nevertheless, their potential has begun to be studied in recent years. Information on the efficacy of predatory nematodes under field conditions is lacking; however, some predatory nematodes have given very promising results against plant parasitic nematodes. This article summarizes research progress to date on predatory nematodes and discusses about their possible use in the management of plant parasitic nematodes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.446-454
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• 2021

Plant-parasitic nematodes are not only an important constraint on agricultural crop production, but also cause both direct and indirect damage to turfgrass, which is a ground cover plant. However, studies on plant-parasitic nematodes of turfgrass in Korea are scarce. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was carried out on 13 golf courses in Korea. The results yielded 28 species/taxa belonging to 16 genera and 12 families of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among the isolated species, Helicotylenchus microlobus, Mesocriconema nebraskense, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Mesocriconema sp., and Meloidogyne graminicola were the most prevalent species in all management zones. Twelve species were new records of plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea. Highest maximum densities were showed by T. claytoni, Paratylenchus nanus, M. nebraskense, M. graminicola, and H. microlobus. Diversity (H'), was significantly higher in fairways compared to tees and greens, though species evenness (J') and dominance (D) showed no statistically significant differences. This information is crucial in nematode problem diagnosis, and the subsequent formulation of management strategies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2005

A survey was conducted during February-March 2003 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fields, cultivated under plastic houses in major strawberry growing regions of Gyeongbuk and Chonbuk provinces, Korea. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes viz., Aphelenchoides fragariae, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hirschmanniella imamuri, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema sp. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable from field to field and within the field. Plant growth was not uniform in the surveyed fields under plastic houses; stunted growth, chlorotic leaves, small curled or crinkled leaves, deformed buds and flowers and wilted plants with fewer fruits were observed in patches.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2012

Envioronmental concerns by use of chemical pesticides have increased the need for alternative method in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Biological control is considered eco-friendly and a promising alternative in pest and disease management. A wide range of organisms are known to be effective in control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Fungal biological control is a hopeful research area and there is constant attention in the use of fungi for the control of nematodes. In this review, plant-parasitic nematodes with reference to soils and biological control and nematophagous fungi are dicussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

The conversion of rice-fields to uplands is increased in last 8 years due to the government's policy. To obtain basic informations on plant-parasitic nematodes in converted uplands, we surveyed nematodes associated with crops cultured on the ridge of the rice-fields. The crops mostly cultivated at the ridge of rice-field were soybean (66%), red bean (21%), and perilla (13%). Ten important plant-parasitic nematodes species were identified: Helicotylenchus sp., Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, Paratylenchus projectus, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. neglectus, Rotylenchus incultus, Trichodorus sp. Tylenchorhynchus crassicaudatus, and T. claytoni. Among them, Rotylenchus incultus was the most common plant-parasitic nematode in all three crops. The ridge is a border of rice field, thus plant-parasitic nematodes infested on ridges should be cautioned for future cropping.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

In order to check host plant diversity and to confirm the potential risk to be invaded, we documented host plant flora and plant part of C. pentagona, an invasive parasitic plant in field survey and induced parasitic infection by them in the laboratory experiment. Parasitic interaction(12% of total tree species) was found in twig and leaf of tree such as Quercus mongolica and Abies holophylla that was not developed into ligninfication. There were most host plant species belong to Compositae, but the species parasitic rate of family was higher in Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Leguminoceae. Through the inducible infection experiment with C. pentagona, all species except one species show parasitic interaction between host plan and C. pentagona. These result means that the limiting stage for invading area is dispersion process for invading other area in Korea. Infection plant part by C. pentagona was dominantly both shoot and leaf, rather than only leaf or only shoot. We found newly 12 families and 45 host plant species including 33 herbacious one and 12 woody one. Crop plant such as Setaria italica and 6 endangerd one such as Scrophularia takesimensis, especially the later rare endemic plant was to death by parasitic infection of C. pentagona. These results indicate that C. pentagona is potential risk to both wild and cultivated plant in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2016

As preventive measures for bonsai exports, nematodes were isolated from 55 bonsai samples of five coniferous species (Chamaecyparis pisifera, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Taxus cuspidate) from all 15 bonsai gardens in Korea. Nematodes belonging to 21 genera in 7 orders were isolated from the 55 bonsai samples. Among plant-parasitic nematodes, Tylenchus spp. was the most frequently isolated (14.9%), followed by Ditylenchus spp. (10.5%), Aphelenchoides spp. (9.5%), Aphelenchus sp. (5.5%), Criconemoides sp. (4.0%), Helicotylenchus sp. (0.7%), Hemicycliophora sp. (0.7%), Mesocriconema sp. (0.7%), Tylenchorhynchus sp. (0.7%), and Paratylenchus sp. (0.4%). Among nonparasitic nematodes, Cephalobina was the most frequently isolated nematodes (26.5%), followed by Rhabditida (19.3%), Dorylaimida (17.8%), Pangrolaimida (14.5%), Plectida (6.5%), Tryphylida (6.2%), Mononchida (3.3%), Alaimida (2.9%), Monhysterida (2.5%), and Triplonchida (0.4%). Based on these results, we conclude that there is no problematic plant-parasitic nematode in bonsai gardens of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.355-359
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• 2004

A survey was conducted during $April{\sim}May$ 2004 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) growing fields, in major ginseng growing regions of Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk and Kyongki provinces. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes namely, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus destructor, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla, Paratylencgus lepidus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Trichodorus similis, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema americanum. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable. M. incognita and M. hapla were the predominant species, their infestation observed in 46.3 and 39.4% fields with an average density of $78{\sim}254\;and\;76{\sim}211$ nematodes per $300\;cm^3$ soil, respectively. Whereas, T. similis and X. americanum were rarely observed; only in 2.3 and 1.8% of surveyed fields and their density was $10{\sim}17\;and\;7{\sim}10$ individuals per $300\;cm^3$ soil, respectively. They are recorded herewith for the first time from ginseng fields of Korea. In nematode-infestated fields, stunted plant growth with chlorotic leaves, and wilted plants were observed in patches.