• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2000년도 제5차 추계학술대회
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• pp.40-41
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• 2000

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2002

Consumer behavior is driven by culture; and culture is contextual. Therefore, human behaviors such as those exhibited in consumption behavior should not be measured and compared cross-culturally by using cultural specific mea-sures or paradigms which assume a universal reality, time and context free. Since it is known that consumption behavior is influenced by culture, and cultures in the United States differ from those in Korea, the assumption of universal ‘truths’ which can be known is inappropriate. To employ a paradigm with invalid assumptions automatically leads to the lack of validity, a must for truth claims in the positivist paradigm. Thus, 'truths' in the research reported must be suspect.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Recently, big data and artificial intelligence (AI) based on communication systems have become one of the hottest issues in the technology sector, and methods of analyzing big data using AI approaches are now considered essential. This paper presents diverse paradigms to subjects which deal with diverse research areas, such as image segmentation, fingerprint matching, human tracking techniques, malware distribution networks, methods of intrusion detection, digital image watermarking, wireless sensor networks, probabilistic neural networks, query processing of encrypted data, the semantic web, decision-making, software engineering, and so on.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and noninvasive tool for investigating the cortical excitability of the human brain and the neurophysiological functions of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neural circuits. Neurophysiological biomarkers based on TMS parameters can provide information on the pathophysiology of dementia, and be used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease and differentiate different types of dementia. This review introduces the basic principles of TMS, TMS devices and stimulating paradigms, several neurophysiological measurements, and the clinical implications of TMS for Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate whether or not acupuncture of GB34 produces a significant response of the modulation of somatomotor areas by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Methods: The acupoint, GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MRI scanner, functional MR imaging of the whole brain was performed in 12 normal healthy subjects during two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB 34 and sham points. This study investigates the activation of the motor cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 34. Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response in the somatomortor area to motor stimulation through acupuncture. Results: Group analysis from seven individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Conclusions: The present study shows that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T MRI environment, and acupuncture stimulation in GB34 modulates the cortical activities of the soma- to motor area in human. The present findings may shed light on the CNS mechanism of motor function by acupuncture and form a basis for future investigations of motor modulation circuits in the stroke patients. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a grant of the Mid and Long Term Nuclear RID Plan Program, Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2017

4대강사업은 수자원 확보, 홍수방지, 수질개선 및 생태계 회복, 지역경제활성화 등의 다 목적성을 띤 사업으로 시작되었다. 그러나 본 사업의 적합성 및 타당성에 관한 사회적 논쟁은 아직도 진행 중에 있다 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 4대강사업에 대한 평가는 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 사안으로 보고 물관리시스템의 진화과정적 측면에서 분석하였다. 장기적 관점에서 현재의 물관리 시스템을 통합적 유역관리시스템을 구현하는 방향으로 개선하여야 할 필요성을 강조하고 유역을 단위로 하는 수생태계 통합관리방향으로 가야 한다. 이를 위하여 물관리기본법의 조속한 제정이 필요할 것이다. 물관리기본법(가칭)을 제정하기 위해 각 지자체별 조례제정과 내부 조직 개편이 필요하며, 통합 물 관리 체제 시스템구축을 위해 우선 중앙정부 부처 간의 이해관계와 사회적 합의가 필요하다는 점을 강조하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

사물인터넷 기술은 다양한 사물 및 인간에게서 생성되는 정보를 전산화하여 인터넷을 통해 연결함으로써 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있다. 사물인터넷의 스마트 기기들은 저전력, 저용량, 제한된 처리 능력 등의 한계적 특성들을 보완하기 위해 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 접목되며 이제 하나의 패러다임으로 자리매김하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술의 정의, 특징, 및 서비스들을 살펴보고, 사물인터넷과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 융합의 필요성과 기존 융합 패러다임 및 융합 사례, 플랫폼들을 조사, 분석하였다. 그 결과, 사물인터넷의 여러 제약점들을 클라우드의 특징으로 보완하여 확장성, 상호운용성, 신뢰성, 효율성, 가용성, 보안성, 접근 용이성, 사용 용이성, 배치 비용 감소 등의 다양한 장점들이 제공됨에도 불구하고 해결해야 할 과제들이 존재하였다. 이러한 융합 패러다임의 새로운 이슈들을 분석하고, 융합을 위해 해결해야 할 연구 과제를 제언한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.66-84
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• 2003

Objectve : Recent stuides suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its cortical activation. Another study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture. Methods : 1) Subjects and paradigms: Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed in this study. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right K7(Fuliu), 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. During the intervals while there was no electro-stimulation, the subjects performed motor task as a reference. The image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results: The electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) activated Brodmann's Areas of 9, 19, 23, 24, 31, 32, 39 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) and those brain areas may be related with the function of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu).

• 인문언어
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• 제8집
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• pp.175-198
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• 2006

Quite a few historiographers of language science have measured the applicability of the term 'revolution' toward the line of work initiated by Chomsky, with the conclusion to the positive or negative effect as the case may be. This paper starts out with a brief review of this issue, with an interim conclusion that, while Chomskyan linguistics may be regarded as revolutionary in certain aspects, terms like 'revolution' and 'paradigm' are hardly applicable here in the way they were originally intended by Thomas Kuhn. It can be said, nontechnically, that the model of theory under discussion is at once 'revolutionary' and 'evolutionary' - in the sense that revolutions in linguistics have not resulted in abrupt loss of continuity with past 'paradigms', if there were any such. Chomsky's theory of language plays the same role of consolidation and refinement of structuralism that, say, the neogrmmarians played in their day. It has continued some fundamental traits of its predecessor, recovered others, and unwittingly rediscovered still others. But this is not the main thrust of the present paper. For, even if Chomskyan theory were to be looked upon as straightforwardly 'revolutionary', that revolution has not been a felicitous one. Some critic (Pieter A. M. Seuren, to be specific) goes as far as to say that "largely as a result of Chomsky's actions, linguistics is now sociologically in a very unhealthy state $\cdots$ to the point even of threatening to make that whole school of linguistics intellectually irrelevant." Besides, under the present state of language science that strikes one as typical of what Kuhn has characterized as "pre-paradigmatic" insecurity and disharmony, an unhealthy situation might take place if we were to think of the theoretical disagreements as conflicts between 'incommensurable' viewpoints-between 'rival paradigms' as it were-thereby avoiding or evading rational discussion. Another danger concerns the bandwagon effect, with linguists prematurely boarding each novel theory seemingly destined for popularity, for fear of being left clinging to an outdated 'paradigm.' Here lies another reason why the notion of 'revolution', Kuhnian or not, might as well be put aside, in the historiography of linguistics at the least.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.352-355
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not acupuncture of GB34 produces a significant response of the modulation of somatomotor areas by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. The acupoint, GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MRI scanner, functional MR imaging of the whole brain was performed in 12 normal healthy subjects during two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB 34 and sham points. This study investigates the activation of the mortor cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 34. Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response in the somatomortor area to motor stimulation through acupuncture. Group analysis from seven individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. The present study shows that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T MRI environment, and acupuncture stimulation in GB34 modulates the cortical activities of the somatomotor area in human. The present findings may shed light on the CNS mechanism of motor function by acupuncture and form a basis for future investigations of motor modulation circuits in the stroke patients.