• 제목/요약/키워드: paper of Mulberry

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An Analysis on Characteristics of Ancient Indonesian Textiles (I) - Focus on Period, Religion, Region, and Color of the 'Sacred Cloths' -

  • Langi, Kezia-Clarissa;Park, Shinmi
    • 복식
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    • 제66권6호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2016
  • Research on ancient Indonesian 'sacred cloths' is essential since it shows a different perspective into Indonesian identity. Based on its function, the 'sacred cloths' are either made as a medium for religious ceremonies or as a medium for the living and the dead. The consuetude of preparing and creating the 'sacred cloths' are done to achieve the finest 'sacred cloths' worthy to be presented to God. The research aims to analyze the characteristics of ancient Indonesian textiles and to focus on the 'sacred cloths.' The research is divided into two parts, and this paper is the first part. The paper analyzes the characteristics of ancient Indonesian textiles by focusing on the period, religion, region, and color of the 'sacred cloths.' The subsequent research analyzes the characteristics of ancient Indonesian textiles by focusing on the techniques and the patterns of the 'sacred cloths.' In this first part of the main research, the analysis reveals that animism developed in various ways in Indonesia from 500 BC to AD 1800. It was also as kingdoms of Buddhist, Hinduism, and Islam. The changes of religion may differ according to its region. Indonesian regions are divided into six big regions that produce textiles. These islands are Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Celebes, Nusa Tenggara, and Bali. By space and time, the colors of Indonesian textiles represent the ideology of one religion. Indonesia produces primary colors of red, yellow, and blue(RYB). The colors are produced by extracting leaves of Indigo, Indian Mulberry root shell, Sappanwood's branches, Candlenut fruit, Turmeric root, and Mangosteen rind. Indonesia is a religious country, therefore the meaning of creating each 'sacred cloth' shows piety of the maker and the wearer.

능가사 출토 종이와 섬유의 해부학적 성질 및 미량원소 분석 (Anatomical Characteristics and Trace Elements of Historical Papers and Cloths from Neunggasa Temple in Korea)

  • ;박원규
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구의 목적은 전남 고흥 능가사 대웅전과 천왕문에서 발굴된 종이와 섬유의 해부학적 특성과 미량 화학성분을 광학현미경, 화상해석, 주사전자현미경(SEM-EDS)으로 분석하는 것이다. 모든 종이는 닥나무로 식별되었다. 인피섬유에서 분리된 투명막의 존재가 특징적이었다. 대웅전 벽에 붙여 있는 종이가 가장 손상이 심하였으며 천왕문에서 발굴된 책의 종이 세포는 비교적 보존 상태가 양호하였다. 천왕문의 동방지국상 아래에서 발굴된 섬유는 매우 좁은 세포폭을 갖는 실크이었다. SEM-EDS 분석에서 높은 실리카 함량이 발견되었다. 종이 내에서 발견된 칼슘, 철, 염소, 그 밖의 미량원소 분석 결과를 연대, 생산지 및 보존처리와 관련하여 고찰하였다.

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심수륜(沈秀崙)묘 출토 배자(背子)의 형태적 특징 고찰 (A Study on the Morphological Feature of Baeja Excavated from the Tomb of Sim, Su-ryun(沈秀崙))

  • 이영민;조우현
    • 복식
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    • 제64권8호
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 2014
  • Baeja(背子), which was excavated from the tomb of Sim, Su-ryun(沈秀崙, 1534-1589), a civil official, has a distinctive pattern. Two rectangles are connected by button knots on both shoulders and below the armpits, and surround the front and back of the upper body. Also, the back is shorter than the front, while the center-front is not opened. It also has a round neckline without a collar. Jeojuji(楮注紙), which is a traditional Korean paper made from mulberry bark, is put between the outer shell and lining of this clothing as an interlining. The purpose of this study is to perform a morphological feature analysis of the Baeja to examine its characteristics and name, and clothes with similar features, attire relic, pictorial and ceramic materials as well as precedent studies were used in the analysis. The Baeja, which was excavated from the tomb of Sim, Su-ryun, has the same pattern as Yangdang(裲檔), which was worn in the ancient northern region and China. Its composition and the way it was worn are very simple. Also, the shorter back length can be used as evidence that it was worn as everyday outer clothing, and not in a ceremony. Jeojuji, used as an interlining, made it easy to sew and maintain attire pattern and played a role of maintaining warmth. Therefore, this Baeja is presumed to be an outer clothing simply worn in the everyday life for convenience and warmth. In regards to its morphological feature, it was most likely a Yangdang in Joseon Dynasty.

충북대학교 박물관소장 16-19세기 지류문화재의 특성 (Scientific Evaluation of 16-l9th Century Historic Paper Artefacts from Chungbuk National University Museum)

  • ;;최태호;조남석
    • 보존과학회지
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    • 제16권
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 2004
  • 지류문화재는 원료, 종이의 기원, 제조년대 및 제조기술과 관련된 많은 흥미로운 정보를 제공해 주고 있다. 지류문화재연구의 제 1단계로서 구성되는 섬유의 식별이며, 지류문화재에 포함된 조성분의 파악이 이의 보존처리 및 수복처리방법을 결정하는데 매우 중요한 정보를 제공하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 대한민국 충북대학교 박물관(CNUM)에 소장중인 16-19세기 지류문화재의 특성을 분석하였다. 측정수단으로서 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경, Energy 분산 X-ray 분광분석법 (EDX)등을 사용하였다. 16-19 C에 제조된 것으로 생각되는 지류문화재를 분석한 결과, 원료는 섬유장 2.79-16.03 mm, lumen 폭 $4.5-26{\mu}m$, 광학 및 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 섬유들의 형태적 특성으로부터 닥나무 인피섬유로 만들어진 것으로 확인되었으며, 대부분의 종이들이 잘 보존된 상태였다. EDX분석결과, 지류시료들은 많은 종류의 무기성분들(적게는 6종, 많은 경우에는 13종)을 함유하고 있었으며, 그 가운데 S, Si. Ca, P, Al 등이 많았던 결과로부터 충전제로서 주로 석고, 백토, 활석 등이 사용된 것으로 생각된다. 약 반정도의 시료에서 종이의 장기간 보존을 저해할 것으로 생각되는 S, Cl, Fe등이 검출되었는데, 보존처리시 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

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"고사십이집(攷事十二集)"의 조리가공에 관한 분석적 연구(2) (A Study on the Cooking in 'The Kosa-sibi Jip' (2))

  • 김성미
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 1994
  • In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

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Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) silage on dry matter intake, milk composition, antioxidant capacity and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

  • Si, Bingwen;Tao, Hui;Zhang, Xiaoli;Guo, Jiangpeng;Cui, Kai;Tu, Yan;Diao, Qiyu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권8호
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    • pp.1259-1266
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

보강토옹벽의 배부름에 관한 실험적 연구 (Bulging of Reinforced Retaining Walls)

  • 주재우;박종범;나현호
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2011
  • 최근 보강토 옹벽은 점차 콘크리트옹벽을 대체하는 안정화된 공법으로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 그러나, 보강재로서 신장성보강재(Extensible reinforcement)를 사용할 경우 보강토 옹벽의 전면벽에서 배부름(Bulging) 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 보강토옹벽의 배부름(Bulging)은 임의의 블록 높이에서 그 블록의 상단 및 하단 블록이 설계상의 상대적인 위치를 확보하지 못하는 현상이다. 이는 보강재가 인장력을 발휘하기 위해서는 어느 정도 변형이 필요하기 때문에 이에 대한 설계상의 검토가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 봉을 이용하는 소형모형실험을 통해서 보강재의 신장특성이 보강토 옹벽거동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 보강재는 비신장성 보강재로서 창호지와 신장성 보강재로서 멤브레인을 이용하였다. 실험결과로부터 보강재의 강성은 보강토옹벽의 변위형태에 많은 영향을 미치는 인자임을 알 수 있었으며, 전반적으로 보강재의 강성이 증가함에 따라 최대수평변위의 발생지점이 벽체 상부로 이동하는 경향을 보이고 있다.

대한제국시대(大韓帝國時代) 학부(學部)의 도서편찬(圖書編纂) 및 간행(刊行)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Compilation and Publication of the Hakbu in the Empire of Korea Dynasty)

  • 이철찬
    • 한국비블리아학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.321-344
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 대한제국시대 학부의 도서 편찬 및 간행에 대하여 밝히고자, 문헌상의 기록과 현존하는 실물을 조사하여 이들을 형태서지학적으로 분석하고 특징과 내용을 고찰하는 데 그 목적을 두었으며, 연구 결과에서 밝혀진 사실들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학부에서 편찬 간행한 도서의 수는 현재까지 밝혀진 것은 63종이었다. 둘째, 학부의 도서 간행은 연도별로 차이가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 판종은 활자본이 84.1%를 차지하고 있으며, 그중 신연활자본이 35종으로 제일 많은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 용지 및 장정은 학부 초기에는 모든 도서에서 한지 한장본을 사용하였다. 다섯째, 도서의 가격은 지금의 도서 가격보다 조금 높은 수준의 가격이었다. 여섯째, 학부에서 편찬 간행한 도서 중 번역서는 6종이었다. 이 연구 결과는 학부에서 편찬 간행한 도서에 대한 종합적인 것으로 이후 관련 연구의 토대가 될 것이다.

조선시대(朝鮮時代) 술에 관한 분석적(分析的) 고찰(考察) -조선중기(朝鮮中期) 1600 년대(年代)를 중심(中心)으로- (A Study on Wine of Yi Dynasty in 1600)

  • 최종희;이효지
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 1987
  • As people know how to brew a wine from fruits and cereals, they continued to develope various wines good to their taste. Korean wines are also ones made from cereals and they have long been eager to improve the delicate taste. They used to drink Takju, raw rice wine, made from nonglutinous rice and Nuruk, a kind of yeast starter. During Koryo Dynasty, Soju a liquor was imported from Won(the Chinese dynasty). Nowadays this traditional folk wine, which had been developed variously and drunk all over the country, is decreasing year after year. The purpose of this study was to review on the wines ; its kinds, raw materials, brewing method, manufacturing utensils, measuring units and devices and the terms for wine making based on 20 documents published in 1600, in the middle of Yi dynesty. The results of review were as follows. 1. There were 121 kinds of wines at that time in Korea. 2. Among the raw materials for wines, major materials were glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, wheat flour, wheat, mung bean, and black soybean. And minor materials were pepper corn, Lycium chinenisis, cinnamon, pine needles, pine nuts, jujube, mugwort leaves, lotus leaves, pine corn, pine bud, chrysanthemum, pine flowers, honey, Acanthopanox seoultenses, bamboo-root, marrowbone of blak cow, sweet flag, Ciprus noblis, Saurea lappa, honey suckle, Tricho santhes, azalea, the leaves of the paper mulberry, and bark of chungum tree. 3. There were several kinds of wines such as a wine without using Nuruk, a wine made from glutinous rice, nonglutinous rice, or glutinous and nonglutinous rice with flour. 4. There were several brewing methods for wines such as a wine boiled with ring rice cake, a wine brewed with loaves of rice cake, a wine brewed with hard boiled rice, a wine brewed with rice gruel, and a wine brewed with powdered rice gruel. 5. There were 23 kinds of utensils including measuring devices for weight and volume.

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식물보호학과 양잠학 분야의 북한 단행본종류 및 일부 학술논문 개황 (Scientific Books and Articles on Plant Protection and Sericulture in the North Korea)

  • 부경생
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 1995
  • 본 논문은 곤충학, 식물병리학, 잡초학 등의 식물보호학 분야와 양잠학 분야에서 발표된 북한의 단행본 종류, 학술논문 및 북한내 과학자들에게 소개하기 위하여 인용하는 외국 학술논문들의 내용을 검토하여 그들의 관심사항을 이해할려는 목적으로 시작하였다. 식물보호학 분야는 조선농업과학원의 식물보호연구소에서 주로 연구하고 있지만 이 분야의 연구논문을 전문적으로 다루는 학술지는 없으며 대부분은 일반 농학 학술지인 농업과학원의 "학보"에 실리고 있다. 다만 양봉학 분야의 논문들은 "수의축산"지에서 발견되어 축산학분야의 연구기관에서 다루는 것으로 곤충분류에 대한 연구는 북한과학원의 연구소에서 진행하는 것으로 판단된다. 북한에서 양잠학은 강조되는 분야로 잠업학연구소에서 주로 연구되고 학술논문들은 년 4회 발간되는 "잠업"지(호당 평균 30여쪽)에 실린다. 식물보호분야에서 발표되거나 소개되는 논문들은 주로 벼, 강냉이, 사과등에 대한 것들이고, 잠업에서는 누에와 뽕나무에 대해 거의 비슷하게 다루고 있다. 이 분야의 단행본들도 비교적 여러가지 발간되었다.

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