• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2014

본 논문은 화재감지는 물론 화원까지 구별할 수 있는 광전식 연기감지기 개발을 위한 기초 연구이다. 이를 위해, 현재 광전식 연기감지기에 많이 사용되고 있는 광원과 센서를 사용하여 광학챔버를 제작하였으며, UL 268에서 연기감지기를 시험할 때 사용되는 세 가지 화원(종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원)을 대상으로 각 화원별 광학적 특징을 구하였다. 그 결과 종이화원과 목재화원은 산란에 큰 차이를 보였으며, 인화성 액체화원은 소광의 원인이 다름을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2016

In this paper which was performed to bring public attention to the need for developing an photoelectric smoke detector that detects smokes emitted from diverse fire sources, it was confirmed that the photoelectric smoke detector may not respond to certain smoke types depending on the size and color of smoke particles. The test was performed on a photoelectric smoke detector which is being used generally for specific fire targets specified in UL268, including paper fire, wood fire and flammable liquid fire, while the actual response performance of the fire detector, as well as respective smoke particles collected from different fire source which were photographed with a SEM(Scanning electron microscope) were analyzed in the test for this study.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a study on the analysis for reducing the number of false alarms in fire detection system. In order to intelligent algorithm fuzzy logic is adopted in developing fire detection system to reduce false alarm. The intelligent fire detection algorithm compared and analyzed the fire and non-fire signatures measured in circuits simulating flame fire and smoldering fire. The algorithm has input variables obtained by fire experiment with K-type thermocouple and optical smoke sensor. Also triangular membership function is used for inference rules. And the antecedent part of inference rules consists of temperature and smoke density, and the consequent part consists of fire probability. A fire-experiment is conducted with paper, plastic, and n-heptane to simulate actual fire situation. The results show that the intelligent fire detection algorithm suggested in this study can more effectively discriminate signatures between fire and similar fire.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2014

신경망은 연기입자의 광학적 특징으로부터 화원을 분석할 수 있는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. UL268에서 연기감지기 시험에 사용되는 세 가지 화원(종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원)들의 광학적 특징으로 신경망을 훈련시켰다. 또한, 소광과 산란을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 연기챔버를 제작하여 연기의 광학적 특징을 얻고 그 결과를 신경망에 입력하였다. 종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서 신경망은 화원을 정확하게 구별하였다. 또한, 종이-목재화원, 종이-인화성 액체화원, 목재-인화성 액체화원과 같은 복합화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서도 화원을 모두 구별하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2009

본 논문은 연기감지기의 응답특성을 분석하여 주택용 화재감지기로 적합한지를 분석하고자 광전식연기감지기, 아날로그연기감지기, 단독경보형연기감지기를 시험체로 선정하여 UL 268에서 정하는 화재시험방법을 응용하여 화재성상(종이화재와 인화성액체화재)에 따른 연기감지기의 응답특성을 분석하고자 화재실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 화재성상에 따라 연기감지기의 응답특성 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to present refernce data to be considered in designing for the fire safety of high-rise office buildings. This paper deals with the characteristics of high-rise office buildings in the fire safety aspects, the basic principles for the fire safety of high-rise office building design, and this study is focused particularly on the location of the escape route of core plan for fire safety in high-rise office buildings.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2014

This paper is basic study for development of an advanced photoelectric type smoke detector that has high reliability by reducing the occurrence of nuisance alarms. This paper was attempted to distinguish optical characteristics of the typical fire smoke particle and non-fire smoke particle. According to UL 268 standards, three types of test fires (the paper, the wood and the flammable liquid) were used in this paper for measurement of the fire smoke particles, and the water vapor and the cigarette smoke that were known as the main cause of the nuisance alarms were also used for the non-fire smoke particles. A smoke detection chamber was created, which was equipped with one light source and several light sensors for enabling simultaneous detection of light extinction and scattering, respectively. This paper analyzes the optical characteristics of each smoke particle using this chamber.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2003

Shredded waste newspapers, waste acrylic raw fibers, and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, at 10% by weight on raw material, were used to produce recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards in laboratory scale experiments. The physical and mechanical properties of fire retardant treated recycled waste paper-waste acrylic raw fiber composite boards were examined to investigate the possibility of using the composites as internal finishing materials with specific gravities of 0.8 and 1.0, containing 5, 10, 20, and 30(wt.%) of waste acrylic raw fiber and 10, 15, 20, and 25(wt.%) of fire retardant (inorganic chemical, FR-7^®) using the fabricating method used by commercial fiberboard manufacturers. The bending modulus of rupture increased as board density increased, decreased as waste acrylic raw fiber content increased, and also decreased as the fire retardant content increased. Mechanical properties were a little inferior to medium density fiberboard (MDF) or hardboard (HB), but significantly superior to gypsum board (GB) and insulation board (IB). The incombustibility of the fire retardant treated composite board increased on increasing the fire retardant content. The study shows that there is a possibility that composites made of recycled waste paper and waste acrylic raw fiber can be use as fire retardant internal finishing materials.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2011

Automatic fire alarm system is set up to automatically detect fire on buildings. Because of economic reasons, P-type receiver and a conventional type fire detector is normally used for automatic fire alarm system in Korea. Because early detection of fire is regarded as important, the need of finding technique of fire location increases. This paper is studied a method to improve a reliability and add a function of fire location detection on a conventional type fire detector and P-type receiver. Fire location is detected by a method that controller attached on the receiver and the detector is read with a time lag. A reliability of fire detection alarm system is improved with a method that false fire alarm is able to decrease using two different principle detector together. This paper is studied for basic data of improvement of low-cost addressable automatic fire alarm system.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2013

The fire testing performed for smoke detector model approval in Korea tests only one kind of fire smoke. A photoelectric spot-type smoke detector using Mie scattering is affected by the wavelength of light beam and the particle diameter. According to UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) 268 standard, this paper analyze the characteristic of the response for a photoelectric spot-type smoke detector on sale in Korea using various fire smokes. Probability that the response time is included in non-defective range is 100% in paper fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire, 90% in wood fire and 75% in flammable liquid fire. According to the estimation for population mean of the response time choosing a confidence level of 99%, a maximum of 19% for wood fire and that of 38% for flammable liquid fire are defective. As the result of analysis of smoke particle, this paper is found that these results are caused by the smoke particles are wide variations in size or have very black.