• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2013

This paper reviewed the continuous fiber tow spreading technologies and its applications. The effect of the continuous fiber tow spreading in manufacturing process of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite was introduced theoretically. The fiber tow spreading technologies were categorized according to the spreading medium and its order during manufacturing process. The general principles, the applications, and the merits and demerits of fiber tow spreading technologies were introduced. Furthermore, the proposal for future direction of research on this issue was considered in this study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

In this paper, we studied the possibility of non-contact bill counting method using optical fiber sensor instead of traditionally used friction counting method. To implement non-contact counting, we designed and made optical fiber sensor and related parts. optical fiber sensor is made of optical fiber of 1mm diameter, photo diode and laser diode. Based on the conclusion which derived from preliminary experiment, instrument part is designed to make unevenness on the surface of bill paper and to stay parallel with optical fiber section. By analyzing the signal of optical sensor, we made counting program. Experimental instrument is composed of sensor part, instrument part, signal handling part. We checked the possibility of non-contact counting method after implementing experiment by using optical fiber sensor and instrument part.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2004

This paper aimed at the development of hydrophilic carbon fiber with improved tensile strength and ductility, numerous single fiber pullout tests from different cement matrices were performed. Fiber debonding and pullout have a large influence on the tensile stress - crack opening behavior of fiber concrete. Both debonding and pullout depend on the quality of the matrix, as well as on the embedded length of the carbon fiber. In this paper, all fiber pullout tests were carried out using high strength carbon fibers, both without fluorinationed and with fluorinationed carbon fiber.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

Formation which is one of the most fundamental characteristic of paper quality is affected by a number of variables. Fiber flocculation in the headbox has been recognized as the most important variable influencing formation. Consistency and crowding number of headbox stock are known to represent the flocculation potential of stocks. The effects of consistency and crowding number on paper formation were studied by measuring the flocculation of fiber suspensions. Increasing consistency increased the degree of fiber flocculation. Especially the consistency of long fiber fraction was the most crucial factor of flocculation. Tensile strength of handsheets was furnish dependent rather than flocculation dependent. Crowding number of a furnish can be used for the characterization of stock flocculation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2018

Purpose: Self-sufficiency in paper production is desired in Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the performance of a locally fabricated batch pulp digester. Methods: The pulp yields of sheaths generated as waste in the production of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) laminates were determined at different liquor concentrations and treatment time after preliminary experiments to ascertain the conditions under which the sheath started to pulp. Moreover, the optimum pulping conditions and fiber characteristics were determined and estimated, respectively, to ascertain the pulp fiber suitability for paper production. Results: An optimum pulp yield of 65.1% was obtained at 50% NaOH and 25% $Na_2S$ liquor concentration (w/w) when the cooking time was 4 h. The results of fiber characterization of the pulp indicated an average fiber length of 2.19 mm with a low Runkel ratio of 1.63, both of which signify the suitability of the pulp for medium quality paper production. Conclusions: Softwood pulp can be blended with the fibers to improve the strength of the produced paper; further investigation should be carried out to use other non-woody plants for pulp and papermaking.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.1 s.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 1996

This study was carried on paper mulberry bast fibers, which were cut in the length of it's chip by three kinds. And they cooked by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium oxalate (AMOX), and pulping process was studied to inquire some properties of hand made papers. The results were as follows. AMOX pulps had $10\~17\%$ higher than NaOH, but amounts of the residual lignin of it's pulps and residual ash were high, and it surely can't be superior. In the freeness of pulps, AMOX pulps were higher than that of NaOH, but they showed tendency to opposite in view of relation of chip's length kinds. For the AMOX pulps, the physical characteristics test results were higher long fiber pulps than short fiber pulps. Specially, in folding endurance long fiber pulps were a very strong. NaOH pulp's physical characteristics test had shown results that were opposite of there of the AMOX pulps, if the length of the fiber is longer, the strengthts generally decreased. To get the optimum fiber's length according to use of paper and pulping method, they must be fractionate chip's length. The long fibers in NaOH pulps affected the paper quality greatly to length of chips.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

In this paper, the flame-retardant wall paper was successfully prepared with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) short cut fiber with flame-retardant property and wood pulp using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binder followed by treatment of non-halogen flame retardant. Physical properties such as formation index, tensile strength, elongation, and burst strength increased as defibrillation increased except tear strength. Bulk increased but formation index, tensile strength, elongation and burst strength decreased along with addition of PET short cut fiber. It was also found that tear strength rose significantly up to 30% of PET short cut fiber and then declined (fell) rapidly. As addition level of PVA increased tensile strength, elongation and burst strength increased, but tear strength decreased slightly. Addition of 20% of PET short cut fiber and 13% of PVA provided the flame-retardant wall paper with both improved flameproofing and physical properties.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

Cylinder machine usually gives more fiber orientation than fourdrinier and has limitation in machine speed because of fiber wash-off caused by centrifugal force when machine speed increases. This study aimed for the improvement of paper formation and productivity by setting an apron in vat inlet and by adjusting mould water head. Improvement of formation and increase of machine speed were achieved, which ultimately improve productivity. Installing an apron successfully decreased fiber wash-off. Fiber orientation and two-sideness of ash distribution became less severe. The proper adjustment of water head inside the cylinder mould proved to be an important factor not only in paper formation but also in decreasing paper two-sideness.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the Hanji sludge(black color)-wood fiber and wood particle composited applied by waste sludges arising from the making process of Hanji (Korea paper). In experimental design, four levels of the mixed ratio of Hanji sludge to wood fiber or wood particle(10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60), three kinds of the resin(PMDI, urea and phenol resin)and three kinds of the specific gravity(0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) were designed to determine the tensile strength of Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites. From the results and discussion, it may be concluded as follows: In Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites, tensile strengths showed decreasing tendency absolutely by increasing Hanji sludge additive, but clearly increase with the increase of specific gravity. In Hanji sludge-wood fiber composites, there were no differences between PMDI and urea resin-bonded composites, but phenol resin-boned composites were made possibly until the addition of 30% Hanji sludge. On the other hand, Hnji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.6) have very low tensile strength values. But they were made favorably until the addition of 20% Hanji sludge in Hanji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.9).

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 2009

The rice hull could be the one of the most abundant agricultural waste in Korea. Since the efficient utilization of agricultural waste or byproducts of food industry would be critical for the sustainable growth, this study conducted the investigation of the chemical composition and the morphological properties of rice hull and rice hull fiber. It was found that there was big difference between the outer surface and the inner surface in the chemical composition and the morphological properties. Expecially, the outer surface showed the rugged patterns in which most of silica of rice hull existed. Little or no silica was found in the inner surface and rice hull fiber. The average fiber length of rice hull fiber was 0.45mm which was shorter than that of hardwood fiber. Rice hull fiber showed a round long shape which is typical shape of non-wood fibers