• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 1997

To investigate morphological changes in the exocrine pancreas of chicken after pancreatic duct ligation, experimental animals were subdivided to control, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days and 10 days groupes and all of three pancreatic ducts of chicken were ligated by surgical procedure and then the morphological changes were observed. In pancreatic ducts, once for a while the ducts were dilated on 12 hours after pancreatic duct ligation and then they were obstructed because of proliferated epithelial cells and connective tissues in pancreatic duct. Marginal dissociation of acini was detected in 12 hours after pancreatic duct ligation and then dissociation of acini was increased with time and finally in 4 days after pancreatic duct ligation the acini showed completely dissociation except periductular regions and around pancreatic islets. Most of dissociated acini cells showed marginal condensation of nuclear chromatin and atropy of cytoplasm, namely, apoptotic features were detected in dissociated acinar cells. Interacinar spaces of dissociated acinar regions were dilated and fulfilled with increased connective tissue and in 4 days after pancreatic duct ligation, deposition of lymphocytes and hemocytes was occurred.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.243-257
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• 1996

CCK and cholinergic agonist stimulate enzyme release from the pancreatic acini via G-protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C, In contrast secretin and related peptides increase the level of cAMP and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, causes pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia by increasing the CCK release. In this study, the secretagogue-induced changes of intracellular proteins were examined in the dispersed pancreatic acini of rats with or without camostat treatment. Camostat(FOY-305, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was given for 4 days twice daily and the dispersed acini were prepared at 12 bouts after last treatment. The profiles of Intracellular phosphoproteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after incubating the acini with $^{32}P$. The amylase release from the dispersed acini was measured. The pancreatic weight was increased to 126% of control, while amylase activity per mg acinar protein decreased to 41% of control, The maximum response of amylase release from dispersed acini to CCK-8 or carbachol was markedly decreased(65% or 46% of control, respectively). The group of intracellular proteins(24 kD, pI $4.5{\sim}8.5$) was increased in quantity by camostat. CCK-8 or secretin increased phosphorylation of a protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) in camostat-treated as well as control rats. CCK-8 increased tyrosine phosphoryiation in the acini of control rats. However, in camostat-treated rats, the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation was increased and it was rather decreased by CCK-8. Secretin had no effect on the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acini. These results indicate that both phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase induce phosphorylation of an intracellular acinar protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) and camostat treatment increases the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acinar cells. And these results suggest that not only serine/threonine protein kinase but also protein tyrosine kinase/phosphatase are involved in the process of CCK receptor mediated stimulation-secrelion coupling.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1995

A possible potentiation between cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin in amylase secretion from isolated rat pancreatic acini was investigated. Combined treatment of acini with secretin and CCK at low concentrations, which are known to be physiological, resulted in enzyme secretion larger than the arithmetic sum of their separate effects. Such a potentiating effect also occurred between secretin and A23187 (Ca ionophore), between forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator) and CCK, and between forskolin and A23187. Staurosporin (protein kinase C inhibitor) and W7 (calmodulin antagonist) inhibited markedly the potentiated amylase release induced by the agonists, but KT5720 (protein kinase A inhibitor) did not affect the potentiated amylase release. Therefore, we concluded that the action of CCK in a physiological concentration is potentiated by secretin in a physiological concentration range and vice versa, and that the intracellular mechanism necessary for the potentiation is associated with $Ca^{2+}$. However, it is uncertain what mechanisms are involved in potentiation of amylase release after CAMP and $Ca^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

Functional and morphological characteristics of the exocrine pancreas in genetic model BB rat of insulin dependent diabetes medllitus(IDDM) were carried out. Wistar rat was used as control animal. Flow rate of pancreatic juice, output of amylase and protein, and plasma glucose and insulin levess were examined. Also light and ultrastructural characteristics of the exocrine pancreas were observed. Pancreatic flow rate, output of amylase and protein, and insulin level were lower;glucose level was higher comparing with those of the control Wistar rat. In Wistar rat, exocrine pancreas was typical light microscopically. Zymogen granules and cell organelles were well developed in fine structure. Cell size of the periinsular acini was larger, and number of zymogen granules were more than those of the teleinsular acini. Most acinar cells were dark cells which containe well-developed RER in their cytoplasm. On the other hand, some light cells which have the dilated RER cisterns were found. In BB rat exocrine pancreas, cell size of per-and tele-insular acini similar to that of Wistar rat. The number of light cells occupied 40-50% compairing with that of Wistar rat. Zymogen granules were lower in number than that of Wistar rat and divied into three types in morphological characteristics ; type I showing normal structure, type II showing the wide hallo and small electron dense core in center of the zymogen granule and type III not having the electron dense core in the zymogen granule. The present ratio of type I, type II and type III are less than 5%, 30-40% and more than 50%, respectively.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.278-289
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• 1996

This paper aims to probe the effect of Rosa rugosa, Thunbergii which streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats was examined by glucose contents, body weight, kidney weight and histological observation. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The glucose level is decreased in the adminstered group of the Rosa rugosa compared with control group. These effects are in order named root group, stem group and leaf group group. BUN is increased fold of 1.52 in the control group compared with normal group, but the administered group of Rosa rugosa are decreased., in order named leaf group, root group and stem group. 2. The kidney hypertrophy to body weight is the higest in the control group compared with the other group in rats, and glucose contents are in order named stem group, leaf group and root group. 3. The loss of body weight is the highest in the control group, and the loss is in order named stem group, leaf group and root group in rats. 4. In histological observations, pancreatic pancreatic islets of control group shows disrupted or condensed nuclei, and the intercellular space between acini are enlarged. In the experimental group, histological damages of the acini and pancreatic islet are recovered compared with control group. Thes results suggest that the extracts of Rosa rugosa are effected to diabetes mellitus, root extract correlated with the function of kidney, and leaf extract is decreased plasma glucose.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1991

The pancreatic endocrine cells of the cat-shark, S. torazame, were studied using immunohistochemical method. Five kinds of endocrine cells (glucagon-, somatostatin-, insulin-, 5-HT-and BPP-immunoreactive cells) identified in this study. The chracteristic findings of the distributions of five immunoreactive cells were as follows. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected as clustering group in the epithelia of the interlobular duct and singly the pancreatic acini, respectively. Insulin -immunoreactive cells were moderately observed in the epithelia of the interlobular duct or in the periphery of the islet. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in single or mass groups in the epithelia of the interlobular duct and the exocrine gland of the pancreas. A very few 5-HTimmunoreactive cells were seen in the periphery of the islet and the acini of the pancreas-BPP-immunoreactive cell was singly located in the periphery of the pancreatic islet, but GAS/CCK-and Chromogranin-immunoreactive cells were not found in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 1999

Anatomical and histological changes were studied in the dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes of the pancreas of the chicken embryos (8 days of incubation, 10 days of incubation to hatching). From 13 days of incubation, all four pancreatic lobes, namely, dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes were observed. Histologically, the pancreas of 10-14 days of incubation were consisted of mesenchymal tissue, exocrine acini and pancreatic islets. But mesenchymal tissues were disappeared from 15 days of incubation. The pancreatic ducts were observed from 14 days of incubation. The dark and light typed pancreatic islets were observed in splenic lobe from 13 days of incubation, in the third lobe from 11 days of incubation, and in the dorsal lobe from 13 days of incubation. But no dark typed islets were observed in the ventral lobes.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 1994

It is well known that chronic stimulation with CCK gives rise to growth of exocrine pancreas and to increased content of enzyme proteins in pancreas. However, littls Is known about changes of the secretory function of exocrine pancreas which has been chronically stimulated with CCK, especially about the responsiveness to secretagogues such as CCK, caerulein and carbachol. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of camostat on secretory profiles and the responsiveness to secretagogues of exocrine pancreas by observing in vitro amylase release stimulated by cholecystokinin-octapeptide(CCK-8) and carbachol in dispersed isolated pancreatic acini from camostat-treated rats for 4 or 10 days. The results summarized as follows : 1) The maximal effective concentration of CCK-8 in amylase release in the camostat treated group was greater than control group, but that of carbachol was not different between groups. 2) Analysis of the stimulated amylase release as the percentage of the maximal response revealed that camostat treatment caused right-shift of the dose-response curve of CCK-8. Camostat did not cause significant changes in the dose-response curve of carbachol. 3) There were considerable increases in the amylase release in the camostat-treated group, compared to the control when acini were stimulated with CCK-8 $10^{-9}\;M$ and carbaochol $10^{-6}\;M$, and higher concentrations. 4) There was a reverse correlation between the tissue content and the maximal release(percent of the total content) of amylase. These results suggest that chronic exposure of exocrine pancreas to increased endogenous CCK can enhance the responsiveness of exocrine enzyme secretion to secretagogues, especially at higher concentrations of CCK and carbachol.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

The Schwachman-Diamond syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome(1/20,000 births), consisting of pancreatic insufficiency, neutopenia, which may be intermittent, neutrophil chemotaxis defects, metaphyseal dysostosis, failure to thrive and short stature. Patients present in infancy with poor growth and grease, foul-smelling stools that are characteristic of malabsorption. These children can be readily differentiated from those with cystic fibrosis by their normal sweat chloride levels, lack of the cystic fibrosis gene, and characteristic metaphyseal lesions. Pathologically, the pancreatic acini are replaced by fat with little fibrosis. The neutropenia may be cyclic. Recurrent pyogenic infections otitis media, pneumonia, dermatitis(fig 1), sepsis are common and a frequent cause of death. In dental examination, these patients had a poor oral hygine and moderate generalized marginal gingivitis, also show delayed primary tooth exfoliation and oral development. This report illustrates a case that pancreatic agenesis 6 yeas-old boy with various esthetic dental problems has been served the esthetic dental restoration of 6 years.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.307-312
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• 2011

It has been rereported that axons which display 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunoreactivity are abundant in the pancreas and the majority of serotonergic axons terminate within intrapancreatic ganglia, islet and acini. This histological result strongly suggests that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect to the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate whether intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect pancreatic exocrine secretion and an action mechanism of the intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves. The rats were anesthetized with a single injection of urethane. The median line and the abdominal aorta was carefully dissected and cannulated with PE-50 tubing just above the celiac artery, and then tightly ligated just below the superior mesenteric artery. The pancreatic duct was also cannulated with Tygon microbore tubing. With the addition of serotonin, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly inhibited electrical field stimulation (EFS). On the other hand, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly elevated in EFS with the addition of spiperone. EFS application, however, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output had no significant change in cholecystokinin (CCK) alone when serotonin was applied under a 5.6 mM glucose background. Pancreatic volume flow and amylase output under 18 mM glucose background were significantly elevated in CCK plus serotonin than in CCK alone. These data suggest that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves play an inhibitory role in pancreatic exocrine secretion and an important role in the insulin action or release.