• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.567-577
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• 2016

The hutches which are installed in the beamline are largely classified into two, i.e XPP (X-ray pump probe) and CXI (Coherent X-ray image). Laser room is installed on the hutch and provides laser to XPP and CXI simultaneously. And two hutches have heavy crane to install some optics equipments. Safety and reliability of hutch structures should be taken into account for the precise operating of the laser facilities, so vibration analysis is essential to do this. The main purpose of vibration analysis is to install hutch structures with large stiffness. We have changed materials specification several times to install hutch structures having strong stiffness. Now hutch structures were installed and checked vibration status at laser room and XPP hutch. The results of laser table and robot arm satisfy vibration criteria. This paper explains about the design and vibration analysis of hutch structures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 1998

A study was carried out to elucidate the relation between the production of flavonol glycosides and the change of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cell suspension cultures of Ginkgo biloba by the unassisted and synergistic effects of various factors. The quercetin production showed a mixed-growth-associated pattern in cell suspension cultures. Fluorescent light and UV radiation increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and resulted in the increase of the production of quercetin and kaempferol ten- and four-fold, respectively, as compared to that obtained in the normal culture condition. The cell growth of Ginkgo biloba was enhanced .at higher temperatures whereas the quercetin production was at its maximum at low temperatures. Moreover, the quercetin production was increased by temperature change during the culture period. In particular, the quercetin production was at the highest level when the culture temperature was elevated from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$. The addition of phenylalanine as a precursor in the culture medium stimulated an 8-fold increase in the production of quercetin; the addition of naringenin caused a l0-fold increase. The quercetin production was also greatly increased by feeding enzyme cofactors such as 2-ketoglutarate and ascorbic acid in the culture medium, but specific PAL activity was not increased except with phenylalanine feeding. The synergistic effect of UV radiation and naringenin feeding was observed, resulting in the increase of flavonol glycoside production at a rate higher than in any other case investigated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 1999

The effect of fungal elicitor and heavy metal salts on the production of flavonol glycosides in cell cultures of Ginkgo biloba was investigated. Among the fungi tested, Trichoderma longibrachiatum ATCC 52326 was found to be the most efficient in the production of flavonol glycosides. Kaempferol production from the elicited callus increased ten-fold as compared to the unelicited callus, while quercetin concentration of elicited cells was nine-fold higher than that of uneliceited cells in suspension cultures. The maximum quercetin concentration of 0.362㎎/l was obtained in 1.25㎎/l of the homogenate elicitor. Among the heavy metal salts tested, CuSO₄ showed a significant effect on quercetin accumulation, reaching to the concentration of 0.526 ㎎/l. Quercetin concentration increased to a maximum of l2-fold in response to CuSO₄ treatment as compared to that of untreated cells. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and flavonol glycosides production simultaneously increased for 5 days of culture after fungal elicitor feeding, and their contents showed the same proportional patterns during the culture period. In contrast, PAL activity of cell cultures treated with CuSO₄ was almost constant during the culture period, although quercetin production increased remarkably.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The use of digital filters in the signal process field is increasing rapidly with development of the modern industrial society. Especially, detail processors, Y/C separators, ghost removing filters, standard converters (NTSC to PAL or PAL to NTSC) and noise reducers, all of which use digital filters, tend to be used in digital video and audio processing, CATV and various communication fields. Generally, there are two different digital filters, the Rf (infinite impulse response) filter and the FIR (finite impulse response) filter in digital filter. In this paper, we have designed FIR filter which has the phase linearity and the easiness of creation. In the design of the FIR digital filter, the window function is used to alleviate the ripples caused by Gibbs Phenomenon around the cut off frequency of the band pass. But there're some problems to choose proper window function for the design destination due to its fixed values. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a modified Hanning window with new parameter which is adaptively chosen corresponding to design objectives. The digital filter was simulated to prove the validity of the model and it was compared with the Hamming, the Manning, the Blacknan and the Kaiser window function. And we have used peak side-lobe and transient characteristics as standard of judgement.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2 s.107
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• pp.149-179
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• 2004

In order to understand the taxonomic and ecologic characteristics on ciliates plankton, surface water samples were collected once a weekly from March 2001 to December 2001 except once a monthly from December 2001 to January 2001 and twice a monttdy at February 2001 at Pal'tang reservoir in Korea. Totally 12 species belonging to 10 genera in 7 families of 6 order, were identified and all species new record in Korea. All of them had been recorded in eutrophic water bodies. Succession of dominant species occurred obviously according to seasonality. Large -sized Codonella cratera, Rimostrombidium lacustris, Strobilidium caudatum, Limnostrombidium viride, Pelagostrombidium fallax, Stylonychia sp., Pseudostrombidium plaktonticum and Phascolodon vorticella dominated during the period of outbreak of nanophytoplankton in winter to spring. However, small-sized Rimostrombidium hyalinum, rimostrombidium brachykinetum, Halteria gradinella and Vorticella convallaria occurred when the bacteria abundance increased in summer to autumn.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.91-96
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• 1996

광반응을 이용하여 fibrinolytic 활성을 보이는 LK (lumbrokinase)를 생체재료인 PU (polyurethane) 표면에 고정화하는 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 PU표면에 amino 작용기를 도입하기 위하여 side chain 작용기로 phenylazide 와 amino작용기를 갖는 AzPhPAL을 이용하였으며 광반응은 266nm 이상의 UV light을 약 1분간 조사시키는 방법을 이용하였다. LK를 amino작용기가 유도된 PU 표면에 공유결합시키기 위하여 amide결합 형성시 사용되는 수용성 carbodiimide인 EDC를 이용하였다. ESCA측정시, AzPhPAL으로 공유결합시킨 경우 반응하지 않은 PU표면에 비하여 N/C가 0.1717로, LK 고정시 S/C가 0.0043로 증가된것을 알 수 있었다. 이것으로부터 AzPhPAL과 LK가 PU표면에 공유결합된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 static contact angle 측정으로 표면개질된 PU표면이 소수성에서 친수성으로 변화된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 공유결합된 LK의 활성을 확인하기 위하여 fibrin plate test를 실시하였는데 그 결과 고정화된 후에도 LK의 활성이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.330-340
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• 2019

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the integrated effect of zinc (Zn) with other nutrients in managing early blight (EB) disease in tomato. A pot experiment was carried out with basal application of the recommended level of macronutrients [nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)] and micronutrients [magnesium (Mg) and boron (B)] in bilateral combination with Zn (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in a completely randomized deigned in replicates. Results revealed that interactive effect of Zn with Mg or B was often futile and in some cases synergistic. Zn with NPK yield synergistic outcome, therefore EB disease was managed significantly (disease incidence: 25% and percent severity index: 13%), which resulted in an efficient signaling network that reciprocally controls nutrient acquisition and uses with improved growth and development in a tomato plant. Thus, crosstalk and convergence of mechanisms in metabolic pathways resulted in induction of resistance in tomato plant against a pathogen which significantly improved photosynthetic pigment, total phenolics, total protein content and defense-related enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)]. The tremendous increase in total phenolics and PAL activity suggesting their additive effect on salicylic acid which may help the plant to systemically induce resistance against pathogen attack. It was concluded that interactive effect of Zn (5.0 mg/kg) with NPK significantly managed EB disease and showed positive effect on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes therefor use of Zn + NPK is simple and credible efforts to combat Alternaria stress in tomato plants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1454-1460
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• 2022

Objective: Early environmental enrichment in life can improve cognition in animals. The effect of prenatal auditory stimulation on learning ability and fear level in chick embryos remained unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of prenatal auditory stimulation on the learning ability and fear level of chicks. Methods: A total of 450 fertilized eggs were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group (C), low-sound intensity music group (LM), low-sound intensity noise group (LN), high-sound intensity noise group (HN) and high-sound intensity music group (HM). From the 10th day of embryonic development until hatching, group LM and group LN received 65 to 75 dB of music and noise stimulation. Group HN and group HM received 85 to 95 dB of noise and music stimulation, and group C received no additional sound. At the end of incubation, the one-trial passive avoidance learning (PAL) task and tonic immobility (TI) tests were carried out, and the serum corticosterone (CORT) and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were determined. Results: The results showed that compared with the group C, 65 to 75 dB of music and noise stimulation did not affect the PAL avoidance rate (p>0.05), duration of TI (p>0.05) and the concentration of CORT (p>0.05) and 5-HT (p>0.05) in chicks. However, 85 to 95 dB of music and noise stimulation could reduce duration of TI (p<0.05) and the concentration of CORT (p<0.05), but no significant effect was observed on the concentration of 5-HT (p>0.05) and PAL avoidance rate (p>0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, the prenatal auditory stimulation of 85 to 95 dB can effectively reduce the fear level of chicks while it does not affect the learning ability.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Objective : Obesity is a disease caused by energy imbalance and increases the risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Additionally, a recent study reported that excessive production of ROS stimulates the expression of transcription factors related to adipogenesis, such as PPAR-𝛾, C/EBP-𝛼 and 𝛽, in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, Paeonia anomala L. (PAL) was selected as a candidate for improving and preventing obesity from Mongolian medical literature, and its effect on fat metabolism was observed in vitro. Methods : The activity of PAL extract against lipid accumulation was measured in 3T3-L1 cells through Oil red O staining. Additionally, the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins was measured by western blot. Results : Intracellular lipid accumulation was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. In addition, pAMPK/AMPK protein expression in the treatment group tended to increase in a concentration-dependent manner, and PPAR-𝛾 protein expression in the treatment group showed a significant decrease in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that PAL extract may have an anti-obesity effect, and it is believed that it can be used to develop functional materials for the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2008

Anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv Maehyang) begins approximately 26 days postflowering and continued throughout fruit ripening. A set of cDNA clones encoding the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes were isolated from strawberry. A pair of primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of homologous genes from diverse plants. Reverse transcriptase-PCRs were performed using cDNA synthesized from ripe fruit total RNA and the primers corresponding to each gene. Eight genes of the anthocyanin pathway were cloned and confirmed by sequencing to code for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-cummarate CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidine synthase (ANS), UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyl-transferase (UFGT). Northern analyses showed that the corresponding genes were differentially expressed during the fruit development process. All genes except PAL were predominantly expressed in fruit. Expression of PAL, DFR and ANS was detected 10 days postflowering at the early stage of fruit development, declined for a while and sharply increased 22 days postflowering then showed a peak 34 days postflowering. The other genes, however, were not expressed up to 22 or 30 days postflowering when the initial fruit ripening events occur at the time of initiation of anthocyanin accumulation. The onset of anthocyanin synthesis in ripening strawberry coincides with a coordinated induction of the anthocyanin pathway genes, suggesting the involvement of regulatory genes. We propose that at least two different regulatory mechanisms playa role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin during color development of strawberry.