• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2021

Successfully adapting to digital and customer-oriented transformation, the concept of lean manufacturing professes the philosophy of creating greater benefit while minimizing losses. These losses are operations that do not add value in the production process to ensure the efficiency, flexibility, and profitability of projects. In the context of broad automation and digitalization of all sectors of the economy, mechanisms for combining automation technologies and lean production are becoming available. Moreover, when it comes to the efficient use of financial, human, or material resources, it is clear that the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can be an effective tool for achieving the goals of lean production, as many of them pursue the same goal. In this context, this article aims to study the effectiveness of the implementation of project management concepts at the global level and identify the main factors influencing its effectiveness to ensure the achievement of lean production through LEAN technologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. To achieve this goal, several statistical indicators were selected and several statistical methods of analysis were used: pairwise correlation, regression analysis, methods of comparison, synthesis, and generalization. Statistical analysis was conducted according to a survey conducted by the Project Management Institute (PMI) in 2020. An economic-mathematical model of dependence of project effectiveness in different regions of the world on the level of implementation of project management approaches is built, which shows that the increase in project effectiveness by 85% is due to financial losses, technical training, and consumer orientation. These results allow project managers to develop appropriate strategies to improve project management approaches at all levels. It is established that LEAN technologies and technologies of Industry 4.0 have several tools that have a positive effect on minimizing losses following the concept of lean production. Besides, given that the technology of Industry 4.0 is focused on the automation of Lean Production technology, a mechanism for the introduction of lean production using these technologies and methods.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.110-121
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various types of acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes (HF). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from 8 electronic databases, and the risk of bias was evaluated for the included studies. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager and R software for indirect comparison and ranking, respectively. In total, 23 RCTs (2,302 patients) were eligible for systematic review, of which 10 were included in network meta-analysis. Network meta-analysis showed manual acupuncture (MA) had the highest probability of reducing HF frequency and severity, followed by sham acupuncture (SA), electroacupuncture, usual care, or no treatment; furthermore, warm acupuncture significantly improved menopause-specific quality of life compared with MA or electroacupuncture. Compared with hormone replacement therapy, acupuncture had less efficacy in reducing HF frequency but enhanced menopause-specific quality of life. There was no significant difference between MA and SA in mitigating HF. The existing evidence showed that MA could be used for alleviating menopausal HF. However, it is recommended that more high-quality RCTs should be performed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of difficulty of fingerprint database based on sample quality. This paper proposes distribution of a sample quality analyzer and a difference of sample quality analyzer to measure the level of difficulty. Experimental results demonstrate that there are stronger correlation between matching performance and level of difficulty based on difference of sample quality than other measure. Especially, level of difficulty based on OQ Block of MPQ co-occurrence matrix shows highest correlation with matching performance, and moreover it can predict the matching performance of unknown databases.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Background: Our aim is to determine the interobserver reliability for surgeons to detect Hill-Sachs lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the certainty of judgement, and the effects of surgeon characteristics on agreement. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with Hill-Sachs lesions or other lesions with a similar appearance on MRIs were presented to 20 surgeons without any patient characteristics. The surgeons answered questions on the presence of Hill-Sachs lesions and the certainty of diagnosis. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the Fleiss' kappa (κ) and percentage of agreement. Agreement between surgeons was compared using a technique similar to the pairwise t-test for means, based on large-sample linear approximation of Fleiss' kappa, with Bonferroni correction. Results: The agreement between surgeons in detecting Hill-Sachs lesions on MRI was fair (69% agreement; κ, 0.304; p<0.001). In 84% of the cases, surgeons were certain or highly certain about the presence of a Hill-Sachs lesion. Conclusions: Although surgeons reported high levels of certainty for their ability to detect Hill-Sachs lesions, there was only a fair amount of agreement between surgeons in detecting Hill-Sachs lesions on MRI. This indicates that clear criteria for defining Hill-Sachs lesions are lacking, which hampers accurate diagnosis and can compromise treatment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated longitudinal music perception of adult cochlear implant (CI) users and how acoustic stimulation with CI affects their music performance. A total of 163 participants' data were analyzed retrospectively. 96 participants were using acoustic stimulation with CI and 67 participants were using electrical stimulation only via CI. The music performance (melody identification, appreciation, and satisfaction) data were collected pre-implantation, 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation. Mixed repeated measures of ANOVA and pairwise analysis adjusted by Tukey were used for the statistics. As result, in both groups, there were significant improvements in melody identification, music appreciation, and music satisfaction at 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation than a pre-implantation, but there was no significant difference between 1 and 2 years in any of the variables. Also, the group of acoustic stimulation with CI showed better perception skill of melody identification than the CI-only group. However, no differences found in music appreciation and satisfaction between the two groups, and possible explanations were discussed. In conclusion, acoustic and/or electrical hearing devices benefit the recipients in music performance over time. Although acoustic stimulation accompanied with electrical stimulation could benefit the recipients in terms of listening skills, those benefits may not extend to the subjective acceptance of music. These results suggest the need for improved sound processing mechanisms and music rehabilitation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2022

It was legislated in Korea that the small-sized enterprise with fewer than 50 employees should appoint at least one managing officer in order to improve safety and health of the employees since 2016. Study on the effectiveness of this legislation is hardly found, however. This study tried to evaluate effectiveness of the regulations for appointing the safety and health management officer in small-sized manufacturing companies and make suggestions to improve it. It was done by pairwise comparison between the level of safety and health achievement of 52 companies before and after the legislation. A scorecard system and questionnaires were devised for assessing the level of safety and health achievement and surveying awareness and practice of the regulation in the field. Results from quantitative and qualitative analyses performed in the study confirm that the safety and health achievement score has increased significantly after appointing the managing officer. It is also revealed that the lack of expertise and motivation of the appointed officer would yield pointless outcomes. Recommendations to make it better the effectiveness of the regulation are: to administrate requirements more strictly to be appointed as a safety and health management officer, to revise the curriculum to train the expertise of the appointed officers, and to expand financial support of the government to settle the safety and health management system.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.205-210
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• 2022

Background: Nasal bone fractures are the most common type of facial bone fracture, but are under-studied in adults above 65 years of age. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiology and patterns of nasal bone fractures among older adults in comparison to different age groups. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,321 nasal bone fracture patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. The patients were classified by age as preschoolers, school-age children, young and middle-aged adults, and the elderly. We performed pairwise comparisons between elderly patients and each other age group in terms of sex, cause of injury, and fracture type. Results: The 2,321 nasal bone fracture patients included 76 elderly patients (50 men [65.8%] and 26 women [34.2%]). In these patients, the two most common injury causes were falling or slipping down (n= 39; 51.3%) and road traffic accidents (n= 19; 25.0%). According to the Stranc and Robertson classification, the most common force vector was lateral, and plane 2 fractures with lateral forces predominated. Conclusion: The elderly showed similar patterns of nasal bone fractures to those observed in young and middle-aged adults, but significant differences from preschoolers (in the injury vector and plane of fracture) and from school-age children (in the sex ratio and plane of fracture). However, elderly patients presented significantly different epidemiological characteristics compared to the other three groups. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of life of the elderly and prepare for the upcoming super-aged society by taking steps to reduce the incidence and severity of fractures. Possible options for doing so include strengthening individual-level safety factors and expanding the social safety net for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.216-223
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• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a gymnastics program for eight weeks to maintain better body composition and decrease fatigue among factory workers. Methods: Data were collected in 54 female workers in their 50s and 60s in a factory located in the S city of the K region between April and July in 2019. The subjects were divided into two groups: 1) experimental group (n=27) received a 30 minute-gymnastics program three times per week, and 2) control group participated in lecture series about the principle and effect of the gymnastics program. Body composition and fatigue levels were measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program. To evaluate the differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the experimental and control groups, the chi-squared test and the t-test were used. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the change between outcomes of the pre-and post-investigation. Pairwise comparisons were used to assess the differences between the groups and the time. Results: There are statistically significant differences in body fat mass (p<.001), body fat percentage (p<.001), basal metabolic rate (p<.001), and body mass index (p<.022) in the experimental group compared to the control group. In particular, there is a significant interaction between the groups and the time in body fat mass (F=6.308, p=.015), basal metabolic rate (F=11.397, p=.001), fatigue (F=6.933, p=.011). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that using the gymnastics program helps women in their 50s and 60s who work in factories promote better body composition and reduce fatigue levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.325-346
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• 2022

Social changes characterized by new normal also demand changes in libraries and libraries are making preemptive efforts. This study compared and analyzed the difference in librarian perceptions between the start of COVID-19 in 2020 and after experiencing the pandemic in 2022 in terms of the relative importance of library policies considered by pairwise comparative analysis. In the 1st survey, the importance of factors related to 'Library Management' and 'Library Services' was high and in the 2nd survey, the importance of factors related to 'Human Resources' and 'Information Resources' increased. This study insists that the public libraries invest in human resources and information resources and establish a user-customized policy in order to quickly adapt to the new paradigm and to provide sustainable library services.