• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.961-968
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• 2022

회전근개 파열은 성인 어깨 통증의 주요 원인이다. 사회활동의 증가로 인해 어깨 통증을 호소하는 환자가 증가하고 있으며, 어깨질환에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 초음파 장비의 발달로 진단의 정확도가 높아지면서 근골격계 질환 중에서 회전근개 파열 진단에 주로 이용되면서 초음파검사는 회전근개 파열에서 MRI 검사를 보완할 수 있는 방법으로 인정받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 어깨 회전근개 파열의 진단에 있어 초음파와 MRI 검사의 진단적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 초음파검사와 MRI검사를 완료한 후 관절내시경검사로 최종 회전근개의 손상을 진단받은 환자 262명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 회전근개중 파열의 빈도가 가장 높은 극상건과 견갑하건 두 힘줄의 초음파검사와 MRI검사의 결과에 대한 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도, 정확도를 분석하였다. 또한 회전근개파열의 정도를 5단계로 점수화하여 비교하였다. 초음파 검사는 전층파열과 부분파열 모두 MRI 검사 결과와 유사하였고 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 부분파열 검사 결과는 MRI 검사보다 양성예측도와 정확도가 높았다. 결론적으로 초음파는 회전근개 질환을 검사하기 위한 선별검사로 충분히 활용될 수 있으며, 환자의 체질과 상황에 따라 선택하여 임상적으로 활용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma. Metrials and Methods: Between April 2000 and June 2003, 32 patients (39 feet) with interdigital neuroma were treated with using low-dose gabapentin. Two of the 32 patients were male, and thirty were female, and the average age was 47.4 years. The follow-up was 6 to 44months (mean 15.1 months). All cases were diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasonography or MRI. Low-dose gabapentin (300-600 mg) was prescribed and shoe modification was recommended. The patients were evaluated through questionnaire. Results: Neuroma was found in twenty one cases at the third intermetatarsal space, and thirteen at the second intermetatarsal space. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 96% and that of MRI was 79%. Overall satisfaction was rated as excellent or good by 18 cases (57%). Average pain relief ratio was 50.3%, and in 14 cases, more than 80% of pain relief was noted. Nine (28%) of 32 patients showed they had no activity restrictions, such as daily activities or work, whereas 8 (25%) had mild restrictions and 15 (47%) had major restrictions. Twelve of 15 patient with major restrictions had been treated operatively (neurectomy; 10 cases, decompression; 2 cases). One case had gastrointestinal problem. Conclusion: Low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma was one of the effective conservative treatments. The operation may be preserved for patient with the persist symptoms, nevertheless the conservative treatments and use of low-dose gabapentin.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.978-989
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• 2016

Objectives: This study evaluated the diagnostic values of measuring the number of fungiform papillae in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: Seventy participants (35 BMS patients and 35 Healthy control) participated in this study. The number of fungiform papillae (FP) was measured on the anterior part of the tongue within an area of $9mm^2$ using a digital camera. The subjects were evaluated on their yin deficiency and blood stasis conditions using the Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire (YDQ) and Blood Stasis Questionnaire (BSQ). Moreover, the severities of subjective tongue pain in the BMS patients were assessed using Visual Analog Scale. Results: There were significant differences in the number of FP and the YDQ and BSQ scores between the two groups. The number of FP and the YDQ scores in the BMS group showed statistically significant correlations with the VAS score of tongue pain. In the bivariate logistic regression analysis, the factor that most strongly contributed to BMS was the number of FP. The optimal cut-off value of the number of fungiform papillae was calculated as 5.5 with 71.4% sensitivity and 82.9% specificity. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of FP and the YDQ or BSQ score. Conclusions: According to these findings, measuring the number of FP could be a valuable evaluation indicator of BMS.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

The diagnostic management of patients with chest pain remains a clinical challenge. Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a new non-invasive method for detection of myocardial ischemia. To date, however, MCG technique is not intensively introduced for clinical use. One of the main reasons might be the absence of statistically valid and diagnostically clean criteria, which can determine the presence of certain heart disease. In this work, we suggested a new method to classify the diagnostic value of MCG for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain. MCG was recorded for three groups (healthy subjects and patients without and with CAD) by means of the 64 channel SQUID gradiometer system installed at a hospital. Using four parameters, which were found to be significantly different between groups, we evaluated a probability, in which parameters can be classified into each group based on the distribution function of the parameter in each group. For all parameters, sum of probabilities was compared between groups to determine the presence of CAD. Our classification method shows that the MCG can be a useful tool to predict the presence of CAD with sensitivity and specificity of higher than $80\%$ each.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate analgesic effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZM) pharmacopuncture on formalin-induced pains in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and ICR-mice. Methods : The subjects were divided 8 weeks aged rats with constant pain sensitivity into five groups; normal (treated with normal saline at Taegye (KI3) and before injected with normal saline at hindpaw), Con-1 (treated with normal saline at KI3 before injected with formalin at hindpaw), Lido-1 (treated with lidocaine at KI3), ZMWG-1 (treated with Hot water extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3), ZMEG-1 (treated with ethanol extraction pharmacopuncture of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim at KI3). After 35 minutes, we measured ultrasonic vocalization (USV) and enzyme activities of both Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rat serum. In addition, Tail flick test is performed by injecting ICR mice at 5 weeks of age. And it classified into 4 groups (Con-2, Lido-2, ZMWG-2, ZMEG-2) according to the kind of drug (normal saline, lidocaine, ZMW, ZME). After each drug injection, we examined the reaction by placing the tail in water at $50^{\circ}C$. Results : ZME had analgesic effects in the early and late phase of USV during the formalin test. There were no significant differences between ZMEG-1 and Lido-1 in early and late phase of USV. Also, No significant differences observed in serum AST and ALT activity in ZMWG-1 and ZMEG-1 compared with Con-1. For tail-flick test, analgesic effect on warmth significantly increased in Lido-2 and ZMEG-2 compare to that of Con-2. Conclusion : ZME pharmacopuncture had analgesic effects on formalin-induced pain without liver toxicity. Also, tail-flick test suggest that ZME pharmacopuncture could be useful technique on analgesic effect on warmth and treatment of pains.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2009

We recently described a novel animal model of trigeminal neuropathic pain following compression of the trigeminal ganglion (Ahn et al., 2009). In our present study, we adapted this model using male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250-260 g and then analyzed the behavioral responses of these animals following modified chronic compression of the trigeminal ganglion. Under anesthesia, the rats were mounted onto a stereotaxic frame and a 4% agar solution ($10{\mu}L$) was injected in each case on the dorsal surface of the trigeminal ganglion to achieve compression without causing injury. In the control group, the rats received a sham operation without agar injection. Air-puff, acetone, and heat tests were performed at 3 days before and at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 30, 40, 55, and 70 days after surgery. Compression of the trigeminal ganglion produced nociceptive behavior in the trigeminal territory. Mechanical allodynia was established within 3 days and recovered to preoperative levels at approximately 60 days following compression. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also observed at 7 days after compression and persisted until the postoperative day 40. Cold hypersensitivity was established within 3 days after compression and lasted beyond postoperative day 55. In contrast, compression of the trigeminal ganglion did not produce any significant thermal hypersensitivity when compared with the sham operated group. These findings suggest that compression of the trigeminal ganglion without any injury produces prolonged nociceptive behavior and that our rat model is a useful system for further analysis of trigeminal neuralgia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1981

Experiments were conducted to test morphine sensitivity of the flexion reflex in the anemic decerebrate cats. Animals were immobilized with gallamine triethiodide(Flxaedil) and were artificially ventilated. The sural nerve was electrically stimulated(20V, 0.5 msec) and the flexion reflex was obtained by recording compound action potentials from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Intravenous injection of morphine $(0.5{\sim}2.0\;mg/kg)$ was found to have following effects on the flexion reflex. 1) Morphine tended to depress the early component of the flexion reflex and the effect was widely variable between animal preparations. 2) Morphine significantly depressed the late component of the flexion reflex, the effect being proportional to the dose of morphine. 3) The morphine effect on the flexion reflex was reversed by a small dose of naloxone hydrochloride$(0.025{\sim}0.1\;mg/kg)$. 4) Naloxone hydrochloride alone did not appear to facilitate the flexion reflex. 5) The main site for the morphine action was found to be the brain stem. From these results and those reported in literatures, we conclude that the late component of the flexion reflex well represents the pain sensation, thus the late component of the flexion reflex can be used as a reasonable subjective index of pain in experimental animals.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing dysmenorrhea in middle school girls and to analyze the differences in dysmenorrhea according to personal factors of the subjects. Methods: This study was conducted from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The subjects of the study were 572 girls who attended three middle schools in Seoul and experienced dysmenorrheal. All were surveyed using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program and included descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1) The mean age of the subjects was 13.53 years, and the mean age of first menstruation (menarche) was 11.94 years. The number of days between the onset of menstrual cycles was 30.01 days. Most of the respondents had irregular menstrual cycles and menstrual periods lasting 3 to 7 days long. 2) Chief menstrual pains were lower abdominal and back pain. Subjects reported experiencing severe lower abdominal and/or back pain, most commonly on the second day of menstruation. The average score of menstrual discomfort was over 60 points (63%). The average score per 6 points of dysmenorrhea was as follows: fatigue (3.48), sensitivity (3.27), disability of movement (3.27), napping or lying down (2.98), mood swings (2.95), interference with studies (2.87). 3) Individual subject characteristics influencing the onset of dysmenorrhea were as follows: high stress levels, being in poor health, having an irregular diet, being younger and having longer menstrual periods than most other subjects. Conclusion: During puberty, girls with earlier menarche complained of physical and emotional discomfort, and irregular menstrual periods. Therefore, we need to explain overall menstrual characteristics and individual differences in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea, in health education programs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2019

Background: Chronic nonspecific symptoms attributed to indoor nonindustrial work environments are common and may cause disability, but the medical nature of this disability is unclear. The aim was to medically characterize the disability manifested by chronic, recurrent symptoms and restrictions to work participation attributed to low-level indoor pollutants at workplace and whether the condition shares features with idiopathic environmental intolerance. Methods: We investigated 12 patients with indoor aire-related work disability. The examinations included somatic, psychological, and psychiatric evaluations as well as investigations of the autonomic nervous system, cortisol measurements, lung function, and allergy tests. We evaluated well-being, health, disability, insomnia, pain, anxiety, depression, and burnout via questionnaires. Results: The mean symptom history was 10.5 years; for disabling symptoms, 2.7 years. Eleven patients reported reactions triggered mainly by indoor molds, one by fragrances only. Ten reported sensitivity to odorous chemicals, and three, electric devices. Nearly all had co-occurrent somatic and psychiatric diagnoses and signs of pain, insomnia, burnout, and/or elevated sympathetic responses. Avoiding certain environments had led to restrictions in several life areas. On self-assessment scales, disability showed higher severity and anxiety showed lower severity than in physician assessments. Conclusion: No medical cause was found to explain the disability. Findings support that the condition is a form of idiopathic environmental intolerance and belongs to functional somatic syndromes. Instead of endless avoidance, rehabilitation approaches of functional somatic syndromes are applicable.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2020

Background and Objectives The ultimate goal in current skin rejuvenation practice is to achieve a good result with minimal pain and downtime. Nonablative skin rejuvenation (NSR) is one technique. The efficacy of the long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (LPNDY) has not been assessed in NSR. Materials and Methods Three target areas were selected (bilateral cheeks and glabellar region) in six volunteer subjects. A LPNDY with an integral skin temperature monitor delivered three stacked shots to each target area (1064 nm, 12 mm spot, 13 J/cm², 1 Hz) without any skin cooling or anesthesia. The skin temperature was recorded before, during, and after each set of shots using the system monitor and in real-time using a high-sensitivity (±0.001℃) near-infrared video camera. The skin reaction was observed with the naked eye, and pain and discomfort were assessed by the subjects during and after treatment. Results The subjects reported a mild feeling of heat with no discomfort during or after the test treatments. Mild erythema was observed around the treatment areas, without noticeable edema. A series of three ascending skin temperature stepwise peaks, with a decrease in skin temperature towards the baseline after the third shot, was observed consistently. The mean temperatures for shots 1, 2, and 3 for the cheeks were 39.5℃, 42.0℃, and 44.4℃, respectively, and for the glabella, 40.8℃, 43.9℃, and 46.2℃, respectively. Similar ranges were indicated on the system integral temperature monitor. Conclusion A set of three stacked pulses with the LPNDY at a low fluence achieved ideal dermal temperatures to achieve some dermal remodeling but without any downtime or adverse events. The temperature data from the integral thermal sensor matched the video camera measurements with practical accuracy for skin rejuvenation requirements. These data suggest that LPNDY would satisfy the necessary criteria to achieve effective NSR, but further studies will be needed to assess the actual results in clinical practice.