• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was comparing and analyzing the exercise effect for the public who was not suffering back pain exercise in improving the waist flexibility, the waist muscular strength and the waist sense of equilibrium after grafted in William & McKenzie exercise with swiss ball. METHODS: 16 people who were not in progress of the chronic low-back pain were recruited. They were grouped into 8 for each experiment(GSBE=Group which play swiss ball exercise, GWME=Group which William & McKenzie exercise). RESULTS: The following result was obtained through measurement of three items in both pre and post examination. CONCLUSION: Comparing the average result of flexibility improvements of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of muscular strength. Comparing the average result of muscular strength of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of flexibility improvements. Comparing the average result of sense equilibrium of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of sense equilibrium.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.235-239
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To recognize the change in the proprioception under conditions that activate the local muscles, this study found the difference in the proprioception on a fixed and swing chair. Methods: Healthy adults (7 males, 13 females) in their twenties were evaluated lumbar position sense on fixed and swing chair. And the difference of the position sense between the fixed and swing chair were analyzed. Results: The joint position senses were compared between the fixed and swing chair. As a result, there was a significant difference from all motions. Conclusion: This study found that the improvement of proprioception using swing chair means that the local muscle is activated. Therefore, to use a swing chair, which was designed in this study, is able to replace the general chair either at work or during studies. Thus, this method is easily accessible for busy modern people who are exposed to low back pain or spinal disorders due to a pattern of inactivity.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to describe the physical and psychosocial distress of critically ill patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation(NIV). Method: Open-ended question interviews were conducted with four patients using NIV. Considering the outcomes of the interviews, literature, and experts'opinions, a survey questionnaire was developed. Twenty patients in medical and surgical intensive care units answered the questions. Results: Through open-ended question interviews and survey, the patients using NIV reported feeling heavy, impotent feeling, pain, loss in feeling, loss in communication, and lack of sleep as physical distress and a loss in sense of time, pain, anxiety, mind of desiring to die, worry about family, and a sense of burden for medical-cure expenses as psychosocial distress. Conclusion: Critically ill patients undergoing NIV experience physical and psychosocial distress to artificial respiratory ventilation treatment. Further research should be performed with a large sample for generalization of the study result.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2011

Background: Injury or pain in the neck can affect proprioception. People who have a reduced proprioception are easily exposed to induce injury or pain. The aim of this study was to examine the reduced proprioception among people who had lateral flexion postural habit of neck in a sitting position. Methods: Twenty subjects with lateral flexion postural habit were compared with a matched control group. Relocation errors in 30 degree rotation to the right were measured three times with and without visual information randomly. Results: Relocation errors were higher in the lateral flexion postural group than the control group with (p<.01) and without (p<.005) the visual information. Visual information didn't affect the cervical relocation errors in the abnormal and control groups. Repetition is increased the relocation errors with (p<.01) and without (p<.001) visual information. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that subjects with lateral flexion postural habit have incorrect perception of their head position. It is necessary to realize the possibility of injury or pain found among people with lateral flexion postural habit.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 1993

In out-patient clinic, it seems to be common that most back pain arise from muscular origins rather than from skeletal origins. Most physicians have wished to diagnose lower back pain from the radiologic findings only. From clinical experiences and anatomical studies, I have gotten a different opinion from common sense about backaches. If I met a patient who had lower back pain around the posterior superior iliac crest(P.S.I.C.) area, I would had to search a trigger point in the erector spinae muscles at the level of thoraco-lumber junction rather than at the level of the painful site. It is why that sensory innervation over the posterior superior iliac crest area is the posterior primary branch of T12 spinal nerve running down through the erector spinae muscles. Pain on the iliac crest area is supposedly due to hyperirritability of the sensory nerve distributing to this area. Hyperirritability of the posterior primary branch of $T_{12}$ spinal nerve may be due to the spasm of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the erector spinae muscles at the level of the thoraco-lumbar junction. So finally, I would like to insist that spasmolytic treatment on the muscle at the level of the thoraco-lumbar junction would be better for pain relief around P.S.I.C. than treatment at the painful site only.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 1998

I examined 54 patients who had been diagnosed as dry eye or had experienced symptoms of dry eye such as foreign body sense, dry sense, sore sense, pain, etc. and had some results. The results were as follows; 1. In sex, there were more females than males. 2. The age was examined from 19 years to 70 years and 51-60 years was the most. 3. In duration of symptoms, 1-5 years was taken most of the patients. 4. In blood type, O type was dominant comparing other blood types. 5. In warm and cold preference cold was more than warm or tepid. 6. In associated ocular & systemic disease chronic gastritis was the most and the next was chronic conjunctivitis. 7. In main symptoms foreign body sense was the most of them 8. In prescription Gamisamultang(加味四物湯) was most frequently administered to the patients.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2008

Objective Sweet bee venom is made by removing allergen from the bee venom through gel filtration chromatography and propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The aim of this study was to verify allergy inhibitory action in Sweet Bee Venom(SBV) and New Sweet Bee Venom(NSBV) removed enzymes and compounds of low molecular weight. Methods 84 healthy adult men and women were selected through a survey whom had never received the bee venom therapy in the past. The concentration of Normal Saline, SBV and NSBV pharmacopuncture was equally at 0.1mg/mL and the experiment was conducted as the double blind test. Results Participants of the study was comprised of 63 men and 21 women with the average age of 28.3 years. According to results of pain sense, SBV group showed significant higher score compared with NS group and NSBV group using VAS in treating time. And SBV and NSBV group showed significant higher score compared with NS group after 30 minutes. Other allergic responses were insignificant between the groups. Conclusions As a result of removed allergen and compounds of low molecular weight, NSBV significantly inhibits pain sense in treating time compared with SBV. This indicates wider and easier application of NSBV for the useful application in clinical treatment. Further comparative studies should be conducted to yield more objective verification.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2015

Purpose: For this study, low back pain was analyzed by determining the influences of pain threshold, proprioceptive sense, and balance ability. Method: A total of 80 college students participated in this study with 30 adults regarded as normal and 50 adults regarded as having lower back pain. Measurements for participants regarding pain threshold, proprioception, and balance ability were conducted from April 10 to May 16, 2014. Result: Results from this study show significant differences between groups for back with regards to cold pain threshold, warm pain threshold measurements. There were also significant differences in proprioception for extension measurements. Finally, there were significant differences when comparing groups regarding balance for total balance score. Conclusion: With this data, practicing physical therapists can realize that a difference may exist between the patient's perception of treatment received and the actual treatment given by professionals due to differences in threshold, proprioception and balance ability. It is important for physical therapists to understand the reliance on objective data showing the effects of threshold, proprioception and balance ability on patients with back pain.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.253-263
• /
• 2017

Regardless of whether it is acute or chronic, the assessment of pain should be simple and practical. Since the intensity of pain is thought to be one of the primary factors that determine its effect on a human's overall function and sense, there are many scales to assess pain. The aim of the current article was to review pain intensity scales that are commonly used in dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Previous studies demonstrated that multidimensional scales, such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire were suitable for assessing chronic pain, while unidimensional scales, like the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), Verbal descriptor scale, Verbal rating scale, Numerical rating Scale, Faces Pain Scale, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS), and Full Cup Test, were used to evaluate acute pain. The WBS is widely used to assess pain in children and elderly because other scales are often difficult to understand, which could consequently lead to an overestimation of the pain intensity. In dental or OMFS research, the use of the VAS is more common because it is more reliable, valid, sensitive, and appropriate. However, some researchers use NRS to evaluate OMFS pain in adults because this scale is easier to use than VAS and yields relatively similar pain scores. This review only assessed pain scales used for post-operative OMFS or dental pain.