• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1989

The present study was designed to investigate the general characteristics of pain patients and to analyze the properties of Korean pain expression terms as a preliminary step in the development of a pain questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered to 73 adult patients (53 males, 20 females) with knee, ankle, neck, low back, and shoulder pain. The mean duration of pain was 16.2 months (SE=3.3). The results were as fellows : 1. The data show that there are over 30 words in the Korean language to describe the varieties of pain experience even within this small sample. 2, There was low significant relationship between present pain intensity using visual analogue scale and the selected numbers of pain words from the pain questionnaire (p<.01). 3. In order to separate basic factors, a principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed. The principal component analysis produced 8 factors. The proportion of variance explained by these factors was $71.0\%$. The first factor accounting $26.8\%$ of the variance was labeled 'cruelty and fear related pain' ; second 'pain produced from deep tissue' : third 'skin-punctuating related pain' ; and fourth 'miscellaneous and complicated pain'. Results of this study might be utilitzed in developing a pain questionnaire for pain patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.495-507
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise on functional recovery of low back pain patients. The subjects were consisted of sixty patients who had nonspecific subacute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group. Williams exercise group and modalities treatment group. The dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group received modalities treatment with dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise. Williams exercise group received modalities treatment with Williams flexion exercise and modalities treatment group received modalities treatment without exercise. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire was used to measure disability of low back pain. Assessment was carried out before treatment fur obtain baseline measurement of low back pain and reassessment were carried out at after 20 and 40 treatment sessions. The results of this study were as following: 1. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in dynamic lumber stabilization exercise group(p<.05). 2. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in Williams exercise group(p<.05). 3. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 20th and 40th treatment in modalities treatment group(<.05). 4. There were no statistical difference between the 3 groups at pre-treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p>.05). 5. There were no statistical difference between the 3 groups after 20th treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p>.05). 6. There were statistical difference between the 3 groups after 40th treatment with Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores(p<.05). 7. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire scores were significantly decreased after 40th treatment in all 3 groups and the decrement were greater in order of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise group. Williams exercise group and modalities treatment group.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of low level laser therapy on shoulder pain. Methods : From October 1, 2009 to November 14, 2009, we applied 15 participants who consented to an assignment had a shoulder pain to low level laser therapy(LLLT). We treated LLLT 8 times on both upper trapezius, levator scapular, pectoralis, suboccipital, rhomboid, rotator cuff tender point for 2 weeks. To evaluate the efficiency of low level laser therapy, we used questionnaire of shoulder pain symptom, questionnaire of a day living discomfort scale, shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) and pressure pain threshold(PPT) at before treatment and after treatment 4 times and 8 times. Results : There was a significant difference in questionnaire of shoulder pain symptom, questionnaire of a day living discomfort scale, SPADI and PPT after 8th treatment. Conclusions : Low level laser therapy for shoulder pain is effective to improve patients' symptoms measured with questionnaire of pain and a day living discomfort score, SPADI and PPT significantly.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.68-76
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability and validity of the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) translated into Korean for neck pain patients. Sixty-two subjects (35 males, 27 females) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that included pain intensity, sleeping, sensory at night, duration of symptoms, carrying, reading and watching television, working, social activities, and driving. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPQ scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPQ was good ICC(2,1)=.83 (95%CI=.85~.95). Cronbach's alpha value for NPQ was found to be .87 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .75 (p<.01). We concluded that the Korean version NPQ was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.330-337
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the menstrual pain affect the Sasang constitutions questionnaire response in adult women. Methods Using a structured menstrual history questionnaire, we evaluated the degree of menstrual pain of 550 adult women who participated in this clinical trial. Based on the survey we classified them into menstrual pain group and control group. They filled out SSCQ-P (Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patients) and we had compared the difference in response by Sasang constitutions. From 329 women in menstrual pain group and 212 women in control group, 541 questionnaire was analyzed statistically by their constitutions. Results 7 questions in Soyangin, 11 questions in Taeeumin and 20 questions in Soeumin were statistically significant in response between menstrual pain group and control group. Conclusions Soyangin's menstrual pain shows less influence on SSCQ-P than Taeeumin and Soeumin. Taeeumin who has Taeyangin's appearances and characteristics has more menstrual pain. In Soeumin, menstrual pain may result in negative and less expressive characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.143-158
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to contribute to developing questionnaire for pattern identification of chronic low back pain using delphi method. Methods The questionnaire which includes symptoms and signs of chronic low back pain is studied by delphi method. Seven experts of Korean medicine, especially of rehabilitation medicine participated in delphi examination. Delphi examination was carried out through evaluating and correcting the questionnaire by e-mail. Results By the Delphi method and score evaluation, 20 items of the initial copy of questionnaire are chosen for pattern identification of chronic low back pain. Conclusions By the delphic method among experts, a reference questionnaire for pattern identification of chronic low back pain was suggested. Further research is necessary for modification of questionnaire by statistics and certification by clinical trial research.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2015

Objective : Degenerative changes in the cervical spine are commonly accompanied by cervical kyphosis which can cause neck pain. This study examined the relationship between neck pain and cervical alignment. Methods : A total of 323 female nursing staff from our hospital were enrolled. Sagittal radiographs of the cervical spine, Body Mass Index (BMI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measures of neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36 scores) were obtained and reviewed retrospectively. Global lordosis (GL) of the cervical spine was measured on radiograph images. Correlations between GL and questionnaire scores were investigated using the following three methods : 1) correlation between GL and questionnaire scores among the entire sample; 2) subgroup analysis of patients with "kyphosis (KYP) : GL scores<0" vs. those with "lordosis (LOR) : GL scores>0" on questionnaire measures; and 3) subgroup analysis of patients with pain vs. those without pain, on GL and questionnaire measures. Results : There was no significant correlation between GL and any questionnaire measure. There was a significant difference between the mean GLs of the KYP and LOR groups, but there were no group differences in BMI, age or any questionnaire measures. There was no difference between the pain (n=92) and pain-free (n=231) groups in age, BMI or GL, but there were differences in neck, and arm pain, and physical function and NDI scores. Conclusions : Our data suggest that kyphotic deformity was not associated with neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry-hydrotherapy to release pain in patient with low back pain. Methods: The subjects of the study were fifty patient with low back pain in orthopedic clinic. Fifty patients who had low back pain were randomly divided into 2 groups, 1) dry-hydrotherapy group 2) control group. Visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire were measured before and after treatment. The treatment plan Was as follows; 15 min. exercise per day and 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Results: 1. Before dry-hydrotherapy, there was no significant difference in VAS score and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score between two groups. 2. The VAS score was significantly decreased in both groups after 2-week dry-hydrotherapy and the decrease in the AS score in dry-hydrotherapy group was significantly lower than in control group. 3. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score was significantly decreased in both groups after 2-week dry-hydrotherapy and the decrease in Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score dry-hydrotherapy group was significantly lower than in control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dry-hydrotherapy was effective to alleviate pain in patients with low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was to analysis of pain using visual analogue scale questionnaire. Methods : Questionnaire were completed by 101 adult patients of department relation to simple pain in hospitals of Taegu from March 10, to April 10, 2000. The information was used to estimate multiple regression for the pain related factors association. Results : Visual analogue scale scores of mean was 4.29. work modification scores was 5.50. The scores of 1 month below was mild$(45.16\%)$, 6 months above was discomfort$(56.41\%)$. distressing$(72.73\%)$. and excruciating$(100.0\%)$ in association between present pain index and duration(p=0.002). Visual analogue scale scores was significantly associated with frequency of pain and present pain index. Conclusion : Date from this study support a statistically significant association between visual analogue scores scores and two factors found in other research to increase the relation with pain. This findings may have implications for targeting frequency of pain and present pain index.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

Background: Pain is one of the most important consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). It may affect several aspects of life, especially the quality of life (QoL). Hence, this study was conducted to establish an understanding of pain and its correlates and effects on patients with SCI in our community. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 58 male veterans suffering from SCI were admitted to our center for a regular follow-up. Demographic and SCI-related descriptive information were gathered using a self-reported questionnaire. To evaluate the patients' pain quality and the effect of pain on daily life, a questionnaire in 3 parts of lumbar, cervical and shoulder pain was administered. EuroQoL questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12 were also used to assess the patients' QoL. Results: The mean age of the participants was $45.91{\pm}6.69$ with mean injury time of $25.54{\pm}5.91$. forty-four patients (75.9%) reported pain, including lumbar pain (63%), cervical pain (39%) and shoulder pain (51%). The presence of pain was associated with lower QoL. Patients with lumbar pain reported a significant amount of pain affecting their daily life and this effect was higher in patients with lower GHQ score or anxiety/depressive disorder. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain, is a common complaint in veterans with SCI and is inversely associated with functioning and general health status. Lumbar and shoulder pain affects patient's daily living more than cervical pain.